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Pages: 676-679
Neelam (Clinical Psychologist, DMHP, Kurukshetra, Haryana)

Schizophrenia and drug addiction, in its most form is serve and usually long lasting, causing maximum disability. The burden of care on the family members of patients with schizophrenia and drug addiction become much more compared to other mental disorders. The present study was mainly aimed at understanding that Schizophrenia and drug addiction can also affect the quality of life and the health of the family members. For this 60 schizophrenic patients and 60 drug addict patients diagnosed as per ICD-10 criteria with at least two years duration of illness were identifiedin District Mental Health Programme, kurukshetra. The close care takers of family members of these patients were studied by administering the scale of family burden(Family Burden Schedule) and Quality of life (WHOQOL-BREF). The result of study have revealed that longer the duration of illness greater the overall burden. The illness of patients also significantly effects the quality of life of close care taling members of the family. The study has shed significant light on family and social consequences of schizophrenia and drug addiction.

Pages: 676-679Neelam (Clinical Psychologist, DMHP, Kurukshetra, Haryana)

Pages: 680-684
Vimla Verma (Jai Narayan Vyas University, Jodhpur, Rajasthan)

School psychology is a specialized branch of psychology to provide services that may enhance academic performance of the students and provide psychological counseling for individuals, groups and families, and coordinate intervention strategies for management of individuals and school wide crises. It is one of several professional specialties within psychology and is not a separate discipline or profession. The nature of school psychology services is determined by two broad conditions: the preparation school psychologists receive and society's need for services. In India the importance of study of psychology as an essential service to schools is yet to be realized. There are no organizations specifically for school psychology. The future of school psychology will be influenced strongly by five external conditions (i.e., a country's cultural history and current conditions, economy, geography, and language, as well as national needs and priorities) and by five internal conditions (i.e., degree of professionalism, definition of school psychology's scope and functions, its legal status, its engagement with education, and scholarly and technical contributions). The need to expand the discipline beyond its somewhat narrow western influences requires school psychologists in non-Western countries to become more engaged in research and development efforts.

Pages: 680-684Vimla Verma (Jai Narayan Vyas University, Jodhpur, Rajasthan)

Pages: 685-687
Deepali Tyagi (Faculty of Education, Banasthali University, Banasthali, District Tonk, Rajasthan)

More and more youths becoming integral part of industrial processes and machines with sole aim to produce and sell products in bulks to boost the profits of their companies. The situation is, therefore, turning them into narrow minded population which cannot find mental peace and well being due to lack of basic knowledge of spirituality. There needs to be a greater recognition of absence of spirituality course work in the educational curriculum as an academic-problem. To cope with the dilemma, it is necessary that every student of Higher Education must have at least preliminary knowledge about spirituality, so that they may truly become global citizens who might accept the criticism of their belief-systems as a praiseworthy thing like they accept the writings of the sacred scriptures of their own religions. Throughout human history, there have been people of faith, and people who do not believe in any Super Being. Problems occur when one side misunderstands the other. This article aims towards imparting preliminary knowledge of Spirituality, Religion, Belief about God, Religious Beliefs, Difference between Religion, Spirituality and Superstition, Experiencing God, Approaches to God to the students.

Pages: 685-687Deepali Tyagi (Faculty of Education, Banasthali University, Banasthali, District Tonk, Rajasthan)

Pages: 688-691
Ramesh Verma (Medical Officer I/C Rural Health Training Centre CHC CHIRI)
Neelam Kumar (Department of Community Medicine, PGIMS, Rohtak)
Raj Kumar (Department of IMSAR, Maharishi Dayanand University, Rohtak)
Varun Arora (Department of Community Medicine, PGIMS, Rohtak)
Meenakshi Kharb (BAMS, MBA, Rohtak)
Sat Pal (Department of Physiology, PGIMS, Rohtak)

To evaluate the utilization of health care services provided under ESI scheme. Cross-sectional, descriptive. ESI dispensary, Shivaji colony Rohtak. Percentage, simple proportion, chi square test, linear regression model. 500 Insured Persons. Out of total 500 participants, 418(83.6%) subjects were utilizing and rest 82(16.4%) were not utilizing ESI health care services. Among utilizing 418 (83.5%) participants, 391 (93.5%) insured persons were males and 27(6.5%) were females while among non-utilizing, 82 (6.5%), 78 (95.1%) insured were males and 4(4.9%) were females. The R value is 0.804 and adjusted R square is 0.630 meaning thereby 63% utilization of health care services at ESI dispensary is due to variables age, caste, literacy status, income, marital status, family members of study participants, knowledge about location of ESI, duration of insurance under ESI scheme, contribution deducted under ESI scheme, OPD timings, health care facility at ESI, distance of ESI-HCF from their residence, behavior of doctor, waiting time for registration and getting treatment, average time spent in ESI dispensary during treatment, satisfied with doctor's treatment and overall satisfaction with ESI services. The value of Durbin-Watson test is <2 which proves that there is no co-linearity among independent variables. Utilization of health care services is determined to a large extent by their availability and accessibility. Distance from the health care facility plays significant role in service utilization. Patients' satisfaction is not necessarily the main criterion by which primary care services should be judged, but the attitudes of the consumers of health care play important role which must be considered in evaluating services.

Pages: 688-691Ramesh Verma (Medical Officer I/C Rural Health Training Centre CHC CHIRI)Neelam Kumar (Department of…

Pages: 692-694
Haroon Ahmad and Ibrar Khan (Centre of Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Peshawar, Khyber Pukhtoon Khwa, Pakistan)

Over the centuries medicinal plants have benefited mankind against different diseases. Advanced glycation end-products (AGE's) formation due to non-enzymatic glycation and oxidative stress has been demonstrated in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications and aging processes. In this study we investigated the antiglycation and antioxidation potential of different fraction F. indica whole plant. Our results indicated that the chloroform fraction of B. bulbocastanumfruitshad more antiglycation ability with a Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC50) of 148.96 µg/mL as compared to the MIC50 of 221.96, 270.00, 294.01 and 322.49µg/ml of aqueous, ethyl acetate, n-hexane and crude methanolic fractions, respectively. While the results of antioxidation assay showed that chloroform fraction has more antioxidation potential than the standard (ascorbic acid) at 0.5 mg/ml concentration. Chloroform, ethyl acetate, aqueous, n-hexane and crude methanolic fractions had 29.39, 21.41, 15.25, 13.01and 11.33 % antioxidation potential at 0.5 mg / ml respectively.

Pages: 692-694Haroon Ahmad and Ibrar Khan (Centre of Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Peshawar, Khyber…

Pages: 695-698
Smitha P. and Preetha Menon (Department of Psychology, Avinashilingam University for Women, Coimbatore)

Teaching is a complex profession. Depending on the type of college or university, teachers may have many responsibilities such as fulfilling teaching and research requirements at research colleges and universities. Personality characteristics of an individual to a large extent are responsible for appraising a situation as stressful. Several studies have clearly indicated that certain personality types are stress prone. Though personality traits are fairly constant in an adult, awareness of one's stress level and the personality type can help the individual consciously mobilize coping strategies and manage the stress well. Present study was conducted to examine relationship between stress and personality of college teachers. Data were collected from 300 college teachers in six institutions. The results of correlation showed that the stress levels and personality types of the sample are independent of each other. It could be inferred that, for the present sample of college teachers, the personality types are fairly stable, not depending on their stress levels. This supports the fact that personality traits are more enduring, independent of the situational stressors.

Pages: 695-698Smitha P. and Preetha Menon (Department of Psychology, Avinashilingam University for Women, Coimbatore)

Pages: 699-703
Alpana Mohan (Department of Psychology, VMLG (PG) College, Ghaziabad)

Protection of environment has posed not only a major challenge but also a social and moral responsibility in the present society. Environmental threats to any individual's physical & mental health can broadly be divided into "Traditional" hazards, stemming largely from a lack of development, and "modern" hazards, arising essentially from unsustainable patterns of development. Mental health is defined as a "state of wellbeing enabling individuals to realize their abilities, cope with the normal stresses of life, work productively and fruitfully, and make a contribution to their communities (WHO, Book on Mental Health). The Rio Declaration on Environmental and Development states that human beings are at the centre of concerns for sustainable development, and that they are entitled to a healthy and productive life, in harmony with nature. The goals of sustainable development can only be achieved in the absence of a high prevalence of debilitating disease, while obtaining health gains for the whole population requires poverty eradication. There is an urgent need to address the causes of ill health, including environmental causes, and their impact on development, with particular emphasis on women and children, as well as vulnerable groups of society, such as people with disabilities, elderly persons and indigenous people. In developing countries, like India is facing newer hazards associated with chemical contamination of the environment are significant. In developing countries, health and environmental problems are often related to poverty and arise largely as a result of such factors as rapid, uncontrolled urbanization and agricultural and land-use practices. In addition to hazards related to pollution, vector-borne environmental diseases may be prevalent as well as health and environmental problems associated with a lack of proper shelter, water and sanitation or poor food hygiene. The research paper will therefore, elaborate three area of emerging concern about the relationship between environmental hazards and mental health. Firstly, the direct impacts of climate change, urbanization, poverty are likely to impacts on mental health concerns. Secondly emerging understanding of the ways in which climate change as a global environmental threat may create distress and anxiety about the future. Third, we summarize with some reflections on future policy practice & recommendation for mental health promotion & attainment of sustainable development. Journey for sustainable development is continue from seventies & will be continue, if we would be able to achieve the ultimate goal to attain good mental health.

Pages: 699-703Alpana Mohan (Department of Psychology, VMLG (PG) College, Ghaziabad)

Pages: 704-706
Raman Sharma and Vipin Koushal (Department of Hospital Administration, GMCH, Chandigarh)
Meenakshi Sharma (School of Public Health, PGIMER, Chandigarh)
Ravinder Yadav (Department of Medical Records, GMCH, Chandigarh)

Bathing is an important activity of daily living and should be a pleasurable experience. Adequate and suitable bathing and washing facilities can help to ensure that patients are bathed in private and with dignity. The study was conducted in a Government Multispecialty Hospital with the objective to assess and analyze the inadequacies in public health facilities. Poor access and inadequate adaptations for wheelchair users were also highlighted. A total of 74 baths, 142 washrooms and 124 washbasins (both in IPD and OPD of Hospital) were surveyed. None such studies had been conducted to assess the inadequacies in the public health facilities in health care organizations. All bathrooms and washrooms had proper location and were spacious. 99.5% of the baths had dual water supply; cold and hot. 99.5% baths were clean and non slippery. No bath hoists and non slip mats were present in any of the bath, while 37.8% (28) didn't have bath rods. There were separate male and female washrooms with having appropriate signage (98.0%). About 15.5% (22) washrooms were not properly clean and 17.6% (25) were foul smelling. The facilities for the handicapped and wheelchairs users were not appropriate. 97.0% (121) of the washbasins have mirrors, while towel rods and soap cases were found in 88.7% (110) and 97.5% (121) respectively. So, lot emphases need to be given to improve the decor, cleanliness, and general environment for making washing and bathing a dignified and relaxing experience. Hospital managers, doctors, and matrons should focus on these important issues and it might be a good idea to make these facilities a key factor in star ratings of hospitals.

Pages: 704-706Raman Sharma and Vipin Koushal (Department of Hospital Administration, GMCH, Chandigarh)Meenakshi Sharma (School of…

Pages: 707-710
Ramesh Verma (Medical Officer I/C Rural Health Training Centre, CHC CHIRI Rural Health Training Centre CHC CHIRI, Rohtak)
Neelam Kumar (Department of Community Medicine, PGIMS, Rohtak)
Raj Kumar (Department of Institute of Management Studies And Research (IMSAR), Maharishi Dayanand University, Rohtak)
Varun Arora (Department of Community Medicine, PGIMS, Rohtak)
Meenakshi Kharb (BAMS, MBA, Rohtak)
Suman Sharma (Department of Medicine, PGIMER, Dr. RML Hospital, New Delhi)

What are the Effects of quality attributes of ESI Health Care Services on patient's satisfaction. To determine effects of quality attributes of ESI Health Care Services on patient's satisfaction. Cross-sectional, descriptive ESI dispensary, Shivaji colony Rohtak Percentage, simple proportion, chi square test, linear regression model. 500 Study participants The study population comprised of 500 persons [66.8% males and 33.2%females]. Maximum number of study participants (37.4%) were in the 30-39 years age group followed by 30.6% were in the age group of 20-29 years. Around one third (27%) study participants were dissatisfied with quality of health care services provided under ESI scheme. The study also revealed the reasons for dissatisfaction and most common reasons were found not good quality medicines (52.59%) and complete medicines (41.48%). There is need to strengthen the quality of health care service at ESI dispensary.

Pages: 707-710Ramesh Verma (Medical Officer I/C Rural Health Training Centre, CHC CHIRI Rural Health Training…

Pages: 711-715
V. Veera Balaji Kumar and S. Subramanian (Department of psychology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu)

The present paper analyses the relationship between value priorities of individuals and their wellbeing utilizing Schwartz values model and Carol ryff's Psychological wellbeing [PWB] scale. Even though psychological wellbeing has been studied in relation with personality variables, hardly research studies conducted linking PWB and personal values. The study was conducted over a sample of 876 students (429 male and 447 female drawn from various colleges in Madurai, TN, India. Results revealed that the male participants had significantly lower PWB than female participants.. This difference might be partly due to females espousing higher self-direction, security values and lower hedonism and stimulation values. Overall, it was found out that espousing hedonistic values provides significantly lesser psychological wellbeing. PWB scores had significantly positive correlation with values of Tradition and Self-direction. Analysis of higher-order personal values revealed that there is a significant negative correlation between self enhancement value domain and almost all dimensions of PWB such as autonomy, personal growth, environmental mastery, self-acceptance and total PWB. On the other hand, It was noticed that there was a significant positive correlations were found between self-transcendence values and psychological well being domain of personal growth. In sum, the results showed that hedonistic values provides “psychological ill being”, whereas espousing values like self-direction and tradition provides greater psychological wellbeing.

Pages: 711-715V. Veera Balaji Kumar and S. Subramanian (Department of psychology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil…

Pages: 716-722
Priya, M. (Department of Human Development, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore)

Parenting is a complex activity that includes many specific behaviors that work individual and together to influence child outcomes. Family atmosphere is very important factor, which contributes to the parent-child relationship. The present study includes identifying various parenting models which have been used for gathering information about the problems of adolescents according gender and socio-economic status. A total of 60 adolescents under the age group 15, 16 and 17 in which 30 boys and 30 girls were selected for the present investigation from Mysore city. Different schools and colleges were selected which comes under the same area of Mysore city. Random sampling technique was employed to assess the parenting style and adolescent problems. The variables like gender, socio economic status have taken to identify the results. P-scale which includes six parenting models and Mooney problem check-list which includes eleven areas with 30 items have been taken. It keeps the students in expressing their personal problems. The results revealed that the fathers show negative mode of parenting towards boy child, but mothers show positive mode of parenting mode. And low income of the family hinders the marital adjustment according to adolescents. Regarding the problems, adolescents boys find more difficulty in Finance, living conditions& employment (FLE) and Adjustment to school work (ASW) compared to girls. Lower income family adolescent's find more problems in finance, living conditions & employment (FLE) and the future vocational & educational (FVE) areas.

Pages: 716-722Priya, M. (Department of Human Development, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education…

Pages: 723-725
Zaki Akhtar (Department of Psychology, Karim City College, Jamshedpur)

The present study is an aimed to find out level of adjustment and anxiety among tribal and non-tribal student. The total samples consist of 184 among 92 tribal students and 92 non-tribal students. The research tool assessing the level of adjustment developed by Bell (1934) (Mohsin & Shamshad adaptation) was used. Sinha Anxiety Scale was administered to find out the level of anxiety. Obtained score were analyzed with the help of t-test and r was applied to check correlation. Result reveled that, there was significant difference between tribal and non-tribal students on adjustment and anxiety. Tribal students possessed more anxiety and adjustment related problems. The results also showed significant of difference on the dimension of home, health, social and emotional adjustment. Further, correlation coefficient signifies the negative relationship between anxiety and adjustment.

Pages: 723-725Zaki Akhtar (Department of Psychology, Karim City College, Jamshedpur)

Pages: 726-730
Gamrangchi, D. Arengh (Department of Food Science and Nutrition,Human Development, University of Mysore, Mysore, Karnataka)
Priya, M. (Department of Human Development, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore)

Domestic violence that is any act of physical, sexual, or psychological abuse, or the threat of such abuse, inflicted against a woman by a person intimately connected to her through marriage, family relation, or acquaintanceship is universal and has its root in the socio-cultural set up of the society. Domestic violence can be Psychological Abuse, Social Abuse, Financial Abuse, Physical Assault and/or Sexual Assault. In developing cities the rates of domestic violence against women are high. Domestic violence has attracted the attention of the general public and the judiciary in the city due to series of unpleasant incidents the loss of life and threat to life in several parts of the city. There were several cases of women who were ill treated, tortured and even murdered for not meeting the demands of the so called head of the family. The ultimate solution lies in awareness building geared through determined community action. In this study, efforts have been made to find out the prevalent forms of domestic violence, the factors leading to it, economic status of the family, the awareness of Domestic Violence Act' 2005, the utilization of the Act and also impact of the Act. The present study included sections on the prevalent forms of domestic violence, the factors leading to it, economic status of the family, the awareness of Domestic Violence Act' 2005, the utilization of the Act and also impact of the Act on the lives of victims. A total of 15 women victims of domestic violence were selected from the centers for the study. Through Case history method consolidated raw data were framed. The results revealed that Domestic violence in the form of physical attack was a common feature, the most prevalent cause of violence is extra marital relations of husbands, most of the victims belonged to middle income group families and are aware of the Domestic Violence Act and the reason for not utilizing the Act is because of fear of social stigma. This Act has both positive and negative impact on the lives of victims according to the present study.

Pages: 726-730Gamrangchi, D. Arengh (Department of Food Science and Nutrition,Human Development, University of Mysore, Mysore…

Pages: 731-734
Dalbir Singh Saini (District Social Welfare Officer, Hisar, Haryana, India)

Alcoholism has been described as a chronic behavior disorder, manifested by the repeated drinking of alcoholic beverages in excess of the dietary and social uses of community and which interferes with the drinker's health or his social and economic functioning (WHO,1952). Drinking is related with many psychological, emotional and behavioral problems, and various psychological factors have been identified that are related with alcoholism. The current paper reviews how locus of control is linked drinking.

Pages: 731-734Dalbir Singh Saini (District Social Welfare Officer, Hisar, Haryana, India)

Pages: 735-736
Neetu Anand (Research Scholar, CMJ University, Shillong, Meghalaya)
Nirmala Devi (CR College of Education, Hisar, Haryana)

The current study examined relation in academic stress, self-efficacy and peer relations among college students. The sample of 400 students (200 boys and 200 girls) was collected from various colleges of Hisar and Delhi. Pearson Product Moment Correlation Method was used to analyze the results. The findings indicated that academic stress was significantly negatively related with self-efficacy (r=0.-48, p<.01), and peer relations (r= -0.26, p<.01). Thus, the findings have important implications in understanding increasing rate of academic stress among students.

Pages: 735-736Neetu Anand (Research Scholar, CMJ University, Shillong, Meghalaya)Nirmala Devi (CR College of Education, Hisar…

Pages: 737-740
Rachna Devi, Vandana Dogra and Chandra Shekhar (Department of Psychology, University of Jammu, Jammu Tawi, J &K)

The number of homeless children around the world has reached more than 150 million. It is widely documented that institutionalized children represent a vulnerable sector of the Population as they carry a high risk for the development of psychological problems. Youths living in institutions take more risks, have more threats to achievement, and have poorer peer influences. This study adds to the knowledge base by focusing on children who are living in out-of-home care i.e shelter homes. The total sample consisted of 120 participants in the age range of 10-13 years which is divided into 60 shelter home and 60 non-shelter home children. Each group further consisted of 30 females and 30 males. The samples were drawn using purposive sampling method. Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) (Goodman et al.,1998) and Loneliness and Social dissatisfaction scale (Asher et al., 1984) were administrated. Independent samples t-test and Pearson correlation was used as statistical methods. Significant differences were found between shelter home and non shelter home children on emotional symptoms, conduct problems, peer problems and loneliness. Males were found to be higher on hyperactivity and females on pro-social behavior. Significant positive correlation was found between duration of stay, emotional symptoms and peer problems. Poverty was the main reason of stay in shelter homes for these children followed by being orphans, militancy and other reasons. Overall findings suggest the presence of psychological problems among shelter home children and highlight the need of intervention programs to cater the specific needs of this group.

Pages: 737-740Rachna Devi, Vandana Dogra and Chandra Shekhar (Department of Psychology, University of Jammu, Jammu…

Pages: 741-745
E. Sambandam (Department of Clinical Psychology, Aarupadai Veedu Medical College and Hospital, Kirumambakkam & Post, Bahour Com, Puducherry )
K. Rangaswami (Clinical Psychology, Sweekar Rehabilitation Institute for Handicapped, Secundrabad, A.P.)

The pioneering research of Lovaas (1987) on early intensive intervention for children with autism employed home-based model. The important feature of this programme was that the initial work with the child was delivered in the home. Most of the home-based programmes operate in an ABA and TEACCH framework. Goal of the study is to implement ABA and TEACCH based training for mother of a child with autism and later to implement on the child by the mother and to evaluate the benefits of the training programme for the child. Case history: Master GH, aged 4 year, male had no schooling, hailing from middle socio economic status, came with symptoms of lack of eye contact, aloofness, injuring himself, repetitive motor behaviours, hyperactivity, speech not developed and poor comprehension of both verbal and gestures. The following tests were administered to the child: CARS, VSMS, REELS and Denver Developmental Screening to assess severity of behaviour problems, motor developments, cognitive and social skills of the child. The format of the home based behavioural training for mother consisted of 20 by-weekly sessions for 2 ½ months. Mother was explained about autism, behavioural problems, communication problems and difficulty in socialization. ABA and TEACCH based parental training was implemented, which included managing problem behaviours by explaining reinforcement, extinction, time out and developing new behviours through prompting and shaping. Further, mother was trained in communication skills through verbal and non-verbal modes. In addition socialization techniques were also taught. Mother of the child carried out the home based training for 9 months. Above test were administered again at the completion of the programme by the mother to assess the improvement gained by the child.The home based management carried out by the mother brought out significant improvement in motor skills, daily routine, mild to moderate improvement in behavior problems, improvement in communication skills and social skills.

Pages: 741-745E. Sambandam (Department of Clinical Psychology, Aarupadai Veedu Medical College and Hospital, Kirumambakkam &…

Pages: 746-749
Ravleen Kaur Reen and Monika Malik (Department of Food and Nutrition, Govt. Home Science College, Panjab University, Chandigarh)

The present study was conducted to compare the physical activity level of type II diabetic patients with healthy controls. A WHO valided Global Physical Activity Questionnaire was used to assess the physical activity level of 800 samples (400 cases and 400 controls). The study was prospectively conducted on 400 consecutive patients presenting with type II diabetes visiting the O.P.D Endocrinology of P.G.I.M.E.R sector-12, Chandigarh. The findings indicated that 40% cases follow sedentary lifestyle as compared to 22% controls .45.5 % of female patients followed sedentary lifestyle as compared to males (34.5%). Amongst the control group 41.5% men were indulged in vigorous activity and amongst women majority (57 %) were engaged in moderate activity. There was a statistical significant difference found amongst vigorously active male cases and controls and sedentary and moderately active female cases and controls. Based on the findings of the present work, it was felt that physical activity plays a key role in type II diabetes mellitus management. In addition to providing measurable psychological benefits, physical activity has been associated with decreased insulin resistance and increased insulin sensitivity, reduced body fat, decreased blood pressure and improvements in cardiovascular risk factors.

Pages: 746-749Ravleen Kaur Reen and Monika Malik (Department of Food and Nutrition, Govt. Home Science…

Pages: 750-753
Nirupama Bhuyan (Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha)
Tanmaini Das (M.D (Psychiatric), M.H.I. S.C.B Medical College and Hospital, Cuttack, Odisha)

Depression is a state of low mood and aversion to activity that can affect a person's thoughts, behavior, feelings and physical well-being. Depression hurts and it can be debilitating. This present study was designed to determine the proportion of depression among the Under Trial Prisoners (UTPs) of Puri District Jail, to find out the socio-demographic co-relates, to study different psychosocial factors related to depression, to find out the prevalence of depression with respect to their different educational status, to find out the prevalence of depression with respect to their different criminal records, to assess the clinical presentation, to find out the outcome of the illness, and to compare the different diagnostic entity of ICD-10 to above variables. Out of 665 samples, hundred consecutive cases of depression within the age group of 20 to 60 years were selected. Frequencies of symptoms were determined using the items in Hamilton Depression Rating Scale for depression and other symptoms if any. The findings so obtained were tabulated, statistically analyzed by using ANOVA and critically interpreted. It was found that among 100 UTPs, the percentage of men is higher than female. The UTPs belong to the age level of 18 to 30 years are more prone to depression as their future aspirations are more in them. The results of this study suggest that depression in male UTPs is more prevalent than female UTPs. It was also found that the inmate depressed population is more frequent among the persons educated up to intermediate level. The prevalence of depression is also found to be higher in middle socio economic status group. Again the UTPs staying more than 6 months and charged with theft cases are more prone to depression than their counterparts. According to the learning theory explanations, depressed UTPs receive fewer rewards and more punishment then the UTPs who don't feel depressed. Thus, we may conclude on this statement that, few things make a depressed prisoner happy and more things make depressed prisoners unhappy. This implies that depression may be a self-sustaining state.

Pages: 750-753Nirupama Bhuyan (Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha)Tanmaini Das (M.D (Psychiatric), M.H.I. S.C.B Medical College and…

Pages: 754-756
B. Prasad Babu (Department of Psychology, Indira Gandhi National Open University, Regional Centre, Vijayawada, A. P.)
C. Mohana Sundari (Counselling Psychologist, Manamadurai, Sivagangai Dt. TN)
The present study was conducted to examine the level of stress among pregnant women. The study was conducted on a sample of 50 pregnant women among them 16 were below twenty five years of age, 22 were between 25 to 30 years of age and 12 were more than thirty years of age. The mean age of the total patients is 27.79 years. They were administered Stress Assessment Questionnaire developed by Allen Cameron's (2002). The results indicated that there was significant difference in the level of stress among pregnant women in first, second and third time pregnancy and also there was no significant differences observed in their age, and different stages of pregnancy.

Pages: 754-756B. Prasad Babu (Department of Psychology, Indira Gandhi National Open University, Regional Centre, Vijayawada…

Pages: 757-759
Renuka Joshi and Valentina Yumlembam (Department of Psychology, DAV College, Dehradun)

The present study was aimed to find out the personality and emotional competence of high and low socially intelligent subjects. High and low socially intelligent subjects were selected by using social intelligence scale of Chadha and Ganesan (2004), 102 low socially intelligent and 96 high socially intelligent subjects were administered emotional competence scale of Bhardwaj (2007) and Singh's differential personality inventory developed by Singh and Singh (2002). Means, SDs and t values were computed to draw inferences. The obtained findings denoted that high and low socially intelligent subjects were found significantly different from each other on personality pattern and emotional competence dimensions. Socially high intelligent subjects were found significantly higher on the level of decisiveness (DEC), masculinity (MAS), ego strength (EGO), dominance (DOM) and self esteem (SEL). On emotional competence high social intelligent subjects were found to have higher tendency of adequate depth of feeling (ADF), adequate expression and control of emotions (AECE) and ability to functions with emotions (AFE).

Pages: 757-759Renuka Joshi and Valentina Yumlembam (Department of Psychology, DAV College, Dehradun)

Pages: 760-764
Sunita (Department of Education, NIMS University, Jaipur)
Rajendra Shrimali (Sri Jain Adarsh Girls College of Education, Bikaner )

The aim of the present study is to investigate the gender differences in education and vocations in rural Rajasthan in Bikaner division. The sample consists of random sampling100 from each districts.The data was collected by the survey method. The findings indicate that there exists the differences in boy child and girl child in imparting education. Today in this time of globalization it is too important that in society male and female equally contribute for the society for the nation to do this equal growth of physical,social as well as professional growth is necessary so that both can contribute for the nation not only equally but qualitatively equal also. We know that better environment better education enhances for better upgrading of individual since a long time girl child is being discriminated from boy child.

Pages: 760-764Sunita (Department of Education, NIMS University, Jaipur)Rajendra Shrimali (Sri Jain Adarsh Girls College of…

Pages: 765-767
Md. Jasimuddin Khan, Masood-ul Hassan and Rahat Ali Khan (Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, U.P.)

The study aims to investigate aggression as related to emotional stability among physically challenged adolescents of Agra district in various hospitals. The sample consists of 100 subjects in the age range of 15 to 22 years randomly selected from different hospitals of Agra district. The Aggression Questionnaire developed by Buss and Perry (1992) and Emotional Stability Test developed by Sengupta and Singh (1985) were used to measure Aggression and emotional stability respectively. For determining the impact of emotional stability on aggression correlational analysis, 't' test and two way ANOVA test were used to compare the difference of the variables.

Pages: 765-767Md. Jasimuddin Khan, Masood-ul Hassan and Rahat Ali Khan (Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, U.P.)

Pages: 768-770
Nalini Malhotra and Ruby Gupta (Department of Psychology, Punjabi University Patiala, Punjab)

The present paper throws light upon those aspects of a human-being, which if handled carefully can lead one to a more fulfilling, conducive and wholesome life. Assertiveness is one such survival skill, which, if taught and instilled at the right time and in the right manner can save many from rating their lives as unfulfilling. Assertiveness teaches one to respect oneself and respecting others at the same time. It teaches one towards increased awareness of personal rights and paying attention to one's verbal as well as non-verbal skills also. At the same time, not violating the rights of others is the other side of an assertive individual. Social Anxiety and Self-efficacy are two such variables, which are directly related to Assertiveness, the former negatively and the latter positively. High Social Anxiety and Low Self Efficacy are two such obstacles, which can put hindrance in the growth of an individual in a multidimensional way-Emotionally, Behaviourally and Socially.

Pages: 768-770Nalini Malhotra and Ruby Gupta (Department of Psychology, Punjabi University Patiala, Punjab)

Pages: 771-773
Poonam R. Das (Department of Psychology, St. Johns College, Agra, U.P.)

The aim of the study was to see the impact of Internet Addiction on Mental Health. The sample comprised 70 adolescents (boys & girls) aged 14 18 years who were Internet users. The tools for assessment were Mental Health checklist (Kumar) and Internet Addiction Test (Young). The hypotheses that (1) Internet addiction affects mental health, (2) there is significant difference between Mental Health of Net Addicted and Net Non- Addicted subjects were proved. It was concluded that Internet Addicted had poor mental health.

Pages: 771-773Poonam R. Das (Department of Psychology, St. Johns College, Agra, U.P.)
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