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Pages: 810-813
Gaytri Tiwari and Ruchi Galundia (Department of Human Development and Family Studies, College of Home Science, MPUAT, Udaipur, Rajasthan)

The stresses inherent in the daily challenges of life create a need for continuous monitoring and adjustment. It is a nearly continuous process as people are frequently confronted with new and changing environmental demands that can lead to stress. Minimizing, mastering or managing a situation in such a way as to render it less distressing is the goal of coping. Everyone copes but some ways are better than others. Being able to cope with things makes one a stronger person. This research primarily focused to find out the coping strategies among rural youth in selected states of India. For this purpose, a study was carried out in order to find out the coping strategies of 349 rural youth from selected states of India between the age group of 14-24 years and to provide results based remedial solutions and interventions. Coping response inventory developed by Moos, 1993 was used to find out the coping skills used by rural adolescents. The scale measures coping skills of the respondents in two major areas viz. approach coping and avoidance coping. For this purpose, samples were selected from different villages of nine states in India which includes Assam (Jorhat), Andhra Pradesh (Hyderabad), Haryana (Hissar), Himachal Pradesh (Palampur), Uttar Pradesh (Pantnagar), Rajasthan (Udaipur), Maharashtra (Parbhani), Punjab (Ludhiana), Uttarakhand (Dharwad). Results revealed that majority of the respondents belonged to low category of approach and avoidance coping.
Pages: 810-813 Gaytri Tiwari and Ruchi Galundia (Department of Human Development and Family Studies, College of…
Pages: 814-818
Savita Rathour and Tejpreet Kaur Kang (Department of Human Development, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab)

Spiritual intelligence is the mental capacity of an individual that makes an individual aware of self and transcendental aspect of one's existence, enhance meaning of self and helps to mastery the spiritual state. The adolescence period is the best time to develop positive emotions and skills, because adolescents are seeking to find their identity and their future personality at this period. Spiritual intelligence has a significant influence on the quality of life and it goes without saying that adolescence is a sensitive period which requires specific training to make a brighter future and be exposed to the difficulties. The present investigation aimed to explore the levels of spiritual intelligence among male and female adolescents and its association with selected socio personal factors. The sample comprised of 400 college going adolescents (equally distributed over locale & gender; 200 rural & 200 urban; 200 males & 200 females) in the age range of 18-20 years belonging to intact families. The sample was randomly drawn from government and private colleges of rural and urban Ludhiana. The Roqan Spiritual Intelligence Test by Zanuddin and Ahmed was used to assess the spiritual intelligence of the respondents. It comprised 78 items distributed over six dimensions. The results of the study revealed that locale wise, there was no significant difference among adolescents while, gender wise analysis revealed significant difference in dimensions of interself, spiritual actualization and value orientation. Female adolescents were found to be more inclined towards spirituality in comparison to male adolescents. It was also found that gender was significantly associated with interself and biostoria dimensions.
Pages: 814-818 Savita Rathour and Tejpreet Kaur Kang (Department of Human Development, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana…
Pages: 819-822
Udai Prakash Verma and Arun Kumar (Department of Psychology, Gurukula Kangri Vishwavidyalaya, Haridwar, Uttrakhand)

In the present research an attempt was made to study the relationship between loneliness and quality of life among old aged people. In this study purposive sampling technique was used to collect the sample of 80 old aged people in the age group of 65 to 75 years old (40 were old age home people & 40 were living with family) from Haridwar. Data is collected by using UCLA Loneliness Scale and WHO-Quality of Life Scale. Mean and standard deviation of loneliness of people living in old age home (42.33, 8.51) and people living with their family is (34.10, 6.81) and t-value is 4.78. This shows significant difference in the level of loneliness of old age people living with their family and old age home. Mean and standard deviation of quality of life of people living in old age home (58.33, 8.62) and people living with their family is (92.88, 13.24) and t-value is 13.83. This shows significant difference in the level of quality of life of old age people living with their family and old age home. The level of loneliness is high in the old age people living in old age home. The level of quality of life is low in the old age people living in old age home.
Pages: 819-822 Udai Prakash Verma and Arun Kumar (Department of Psychology, Gurukula Kangri Vishwavidyalaya, Haridwar, Uttrakhand)
Pages: 823-828
Ishita Chatterjee and Debobani Saha (Department of Applied Psychology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal)

The nursing role is rapidly evolving as nurses are tasked with an even wider range of healthcare responsibilities. With an increase in complexity and demand for better healthcare system, the roles of nurses have become more challenging. A poor mental health and quality of sleep of nurses can have an impact on their day to day functioning which in turn can pose a threat, especially on the patients of critical wards as compared to other wards, because they require complex assessment and high risk treatments. Moreover, nurses are often scheduled to do rotating shifts (i.e., day, evening, night) and also have to work overtime to provide quality care to their patients around the clock. Abrupt deviations from normal timing of work often disrupt one's internal biological clock. The present study aims to trace and compare the dimensions of positive mental health status and quality of sleep among nurses of critical and general ward of private hospitals with an age of 21 to 31yrs.To collect data, quantitative and survey research was conducted. The result showed no significant difference between the nurses of two wards with regards to their mental health status. But on the other hand, the critical ward nurses showed poor quality of sleep which is more related to 'sleep duration' and 'sleep latency'. The study can be important for the administrative staffs of private hospitals, so that they can recommend and make arrangements for nurses and their duties accordingly.
Pages: 823-828 Ishita Chatterjee and Debobani Saha (Department of Applied Psychology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West…
Pages: 829-832
Silvi Jose, Nancy George, and Garcia Dante (The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines)

Birth and death are part and parcel of human life and death exceptionally approaches all, the new born, teenager, adult and the elderly alike. The present study examined the possible predictive factor of death anxiety among the selected elderly Filipinos. This study examines the negative relationship between the anxiety of death, and life satisfaction among elderly people with a total of 152 of both sexes, ages between 60-75. Diener's Satisfaction with Life Scale and Templer's Death Anxiety Scale were used to measure the variables. The study showed that the elderly people with high level of life satisfaction experiences comparatively low level of death anxiety and vice versa. A regression analysis of the data showed that life satisfaction, 37% alone contribute the variance in the death anxiety of elderly people. The present study clearly gave the idea of enhancing life satisfaction can reduce death anxiety among elderly people.
Pages: 829-832 Silvi Jose, Nancy George, and Garcia Dante (The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas…
Pages: 833-836
Sapna Lal and Manju Kanwar Rathore (Department of Human Development and Family Studies, College of Home Science Swami Keshwanand Rajasthan Agricultural University, Bikaner, Rajasthan)

Late adolescence which signifies a prominent stage of life course as going to college is a key life transition it signifies a marked change in daily routine. Television plays a significant role on the lives of adolescent's .Television an adaptive medium act as a bridge between establish routine and new life style. Adolescents are aware of the reflections of the role of the television in transitional stages in their lives. The present study was conducted to assess the television viewer ship pattern among college going adolescent students. The study was conducted in colleges of central and south Delhi. A sample of 60 college students (male & female) both was taken of age group 17-19 years. Exploratory research method used to study and data have been analyzed both quantitavely and qualitatively. The study also revealed that despite the rise of internet use television is apparently still an essential component of leisure activity. The findings should assist the educators how viewing television programmes impact college going adolescents. In television industry where target audience are mostly adolescents with the advent of different media use television channels can modify channels as per changing viewer ship preferences in adolescents.
Pages: 833-836 Sapna Lal and Manju Kanwar Rathore (Department of Human Development and Family Studies, College…
Pages: 837-840
Mohua Chatterjee and Poushali Roy (Department of Psychology, Bethune College, Kolkata, West Bengal)

The present study attempts to compare the nurses employed at public and private sector hospitals in and around Kolkata city with regard to their levels of role satisfaction. The sample consists of a total number of 82 female nurses among whom 42 are employed at the public sector hospitals and the rest belong to the private sector ones. The Motivational Analysis of Organisations-Role Satisfaction Scale has been administered on the subjects. The findings indicate significant differences between the nurses of the two sectors concerning various dimensions, namely, achievement, control and extension as well as the overall levels of role satisfaction. The two groups of subjects, however, have not differed significantly regarding influence and affiliation. Moreover, the nurses employed at the public sector hospitals are found to be more dissatisfied with their role playing as nurses as compared to those belonging to the private sector hospitals.
Pages: 837-840 Mohua Chatterjee and Poushali Roy (Department of Psychology, Bethune College, Kolkata, West Bengal)
Pages: 841-844
Amina Haya P. V. and Farah Haris (Department of Psychology, Farook College, University of Calicut, Malappuram, Kerala)

The study aims to understand the parental stress and coping strategies among parents of autistic children. The samples include 40 parents of autistic children, all from Malappuram district of Kerala. Structured Questionnaires of Parental Stress and Coping were used to assess parental stress and coping respectively, which are prepared by the investigator. It was hypothesized as there is a mean score of parental stress among participants. Further hypothesized as, there is a mean score in coping. Concluded that, parents with autistic children have stress and they cope with it. Results of the study can be beneficial to child psychologists, psychiatrist and other mental health professionals.
Pages: 841-844 Amina Haya P. V. and Farah Haris (Department of Psychology, Farook College, University of…
Pages: 845-848
Minnath Vettiyadan, Fathima Henna C.K., and Shibymol C. B. (Department of Psychology, Little Flower Institute of Social Sciences and Health (LISSAH) Thamarasseri, Calicut, Kerala)

The present study entitled as “Self concept and Emotional maturity among students with learning disability”. This study aimed to assess the self concept and emotional maturity among students with learning disability and also to find out the relationship between the variables under the study. Sample consists of 30 students. The present study follows a descriptive research design, survey and interview method were used to collect the data. The instruments used were Academic Self Concept Questionnaire (ASCQ) by Liu and Wang (2005) emotional Maturity Scale by Pal (1984). Carl Pearson correlation and t-test were used for the analysis of data. From the present result it can be concluded that there was found no relationship between academic self concept and emotional maturity among students with learning disability. The students scored low on the variables under the study
Pages: 845-848 Minnath Vettiyadan, Fathima Henna C.K., and Shibymol C. B. (Department of Psychology, Little Flower…
Pages: 849-853
Mrinalini Mahajan (School of Human Ecology, Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Deonar, Mumbai, Maharashtra)

Childhood trauma is a widely prevalent phenomenon often neglected due to the taboos attached to it. Yet its consequences for the development of the individual cannot be ignored. Children with histories of adverse childhood trauma tend to display complex disturbances with varied individualized presentation due to developmental delays across a broad range including but not only limited to cognitive, language, motor and socialization skills. The significance of the presentation of these responses for therapy is highlighted here. The aim is to review current literature on the neurobiology of childhood trauma and its implications for therapy. The keywords such as Neurobiology of trauma, prevalence, the adverse childhood experience studies, and recent advances in trauma based therapy were entered into search engines such as Google search, Pubmed. Over 40 accessible full length articles were reviewed. The key findings suggested that trauma at different stages in childhood leads to adverse effects in the developmental process of the individual. Children with background of trauma are unable to capitalize on opportunities for socio-emotional learning during the critical periods of brain development. Severe trauma originating in the childhood has the ability to override any genetic, constitutional, social and psychological factor contributing to resilience due to its ability to alter biological stress systems. Experience of childhood trauma has the capacity to severely impact the physiological and psychological functioning of the individual.. Thus there is a need to integrate and individualize therapeutic interventions to help individuals overcome their traumatic past.
Pages: 849-853 Mrinalini Mahajan (School of Human Ecology, Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Deonar, Mumbai, Maharashtra)
Pages: 854-856
Chandrashekhar Giri (Special Educator, Ankur Special School, Indore, Madhya Pradesh)

The aim of the present study was to assess effect of Yognidra on anxiety. For this purpose 25 subjects were selected through random sampling. All subjects were urban educated male of 40 to 50 age range. The social and economic status treated as control variable in the study. In this study SCAT (Sinha`s Comprehensive Anxiety Test) developed by. Sinha and Sinha has been used to obtain scores on Anxiety. The t-test has been employed to analyze the data. Results revealed that Yog-nidra decrease the level of Anxiety.
Pages: 854-856 Chandrashekhar Giri (Special Educator, Ankur Special School, Indore, Madhya Pradesh)
Pages: 857-860
Swati Shrivastava and Priyamvada Shrivastava (School of Studies in Psychology, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh)

The purpose of this study was to compare stress level in male and female adolescents out of total sample of 100 adolescents (50 male & 50 female). Stress test comprising dimensions of stress of home life, Stress of school performance, stress of school attendance, stress of romantic relationship, Stress of peer pressure, Stress of teacher interaction, stress of future uncertainty, Stress of school / leisure conflict, Stress of financial pressure, Stress of emerging adult was used. All the participants considered in study were from several government and private schools of Durg district (C.G.) India. The data was analysed using Mann-Whitney U test. The main findings showed that female adolescents significantly showed more stress in school performance, teacher interaction, Stress of school / leisure conflict and peer pressure than male adolescents. Male adolescents showed significantly more stress in stress of romantic relationship than female adolescents.
Pages: 857-860 Swati Shrivastava and Priyamvada Shrivastava (School of Studies in Psychology, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University…
Pages: 861-864
Subhash Chander, Rashmi Tyagi, Jatesh Kathpalia, and Vinod Kumari (Department of Sociology, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana )

The Indian agriculture has changed during the past about 50 years mainly due to development of agricultural technologies. Rice is grown in 18 districts of Haryana. Out of which seven districts are in high productivity group. The study was conducted in Kurukshetra district of Haryana state. From this district, two blocks namely Thanesar and Pehowa were selected randomly. On the whole a total of 200 rice growing farmers were selected, who were using direct seeded rice method (100) and conventional transplanted rice method (100). The findings regarding knowledge level of respondents about various aspects of direct seeded rice method were studied like recommended seed rate, varieties, fertilizer practices, weeds, insect, pest, disease etc. It was found that sixty per cent respondents had high level of knowledge regarding direct seeded rice method. Awareness were found among farmers regarding direct seeded rice method such as increase the yield than conventional, seed is placed in the most fertile zone of the soil i.e. 2-3cm from surface and recommended variety is used for sowing: Tarawari, CSR-30, Pusa Basmati 1121 to which they reported 1st, 2nd and 3rd ranks order.
Pages: 861-864 Subhash Chander, Rashmi Tyagi, Jatesh Kathpalia, and Vinod Kumari (Department of Sociology, Chaudhary Charan…
Pages: 865-868
Jafar Bahreini and Mahboobeh Chinaveh (Department of Psychology, Arsanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arsanjan, Iran)

The purpose of this study was to compare the social anxiety, physical image and psychological well-being in applicants for cosmetic surgery and non-applicants.The research design is a descriptive-comparative study the statistical population of this study included all people who referred to beauty clinics in Shiraz due to the need for surgery. To do research, two groups of people who applied for beauty and non-adolescent subjects were selected. In this way, 50 people who were selected from beauty clinics in Shiraz were selected in the available manner. Then, 50 unincorporated people from the normal population who were more similar in terms of gender, age and education to the applicant group were matched and voluntarily selected using the available method and completed the questionnaires. The instrument of measurement was Fisher's body image test, Reif psychological well-being and Watson's social anxiety inventory. The results of t-test and multivariate analysis of covariance showed that there is a significant difference between the physical image of the applicants for cosmetic surgery and non-applicants.There is also a significant difference between the social anxiety of the applicants for cosmetic surgery and non-applicants, and social anxiety in the subjects is more beautiful than normal people. According to other results, there was a significant difference between the psychological well-being of applicants for cosmetic surgery and non-applicants, meaning that the psychological well-being of those applying for beauty was less than ordinary ones. Based on the last result of the physical image, it could negatively and significantly predict social anxiety.
Pages: 865-868 Jafar Bahreini and Mahboobeh Chinaveh (Department of Psychology, Arsanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arsanjan…
Pages: 869-871
Jatesh Kathpalia, Subhash Chander and Vinod Kumari (Department of Sociology, CCSHAU, Hisar, Haryana)

Bacillus thuringiensis (BT) cotton is commonly grown in all over the world to control wide range of pests. The farmers benefited from BT cotton through increased yield revenue and gross margin. While the farmer maid savings on insecticide costs they had to spend more on seed and harvesting. The farmers made savings on insecticide costs they had to spend more on seed and harvesting. Farming households used the additional income mostly for investment in people (education)and physical resources (cotton & other crop production). This research paper conducts to assess the impact of Bt. cotton and Desi/non-Bt. cotton on socio-economic status of farmers. The study was conducted among 120 farmers in Bhiwani districts of Haryana State through survey method. The findings of the study elucidate that investment on education of children was reported increased by 83.33 per cent and 66.66 per cent of respondents growing Bt. cotton and desi cotton respectively. Expenditure on social ceremonies was felt increased by 70.83 per cent and 50 per cent of the respondents growing Bt. cotton and desi cotton/hybrids respectively.
Pages: 869-871 Jatesh Kathpalia, Subhash Chander and Vinod Kumari (Department of Sociology, CCSHAU, Hisar, Haryana)
Pages: 872-873
Saroj Yadav and Mona Verma (Department of Textile and Apparel Designing, I. C. College of Home Science Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana)

Textile finishing is a diversified sector due to the processed raw materials, manufacturing technique and finalized products. Natural finishes comprises of those substances that are obtained from plants and animals. Natural finishes have many advantages such as non toxic, non irritant, biodegradable, cost effective, easy availability, etc. now days consumers are more aware and conscious about health, hygiene and environment so they are looking for natural product having potential like synthetic products to impart antimicrobial, aroma finish to textile products. So there is need to screen the present of phytochemicals in the plant extract because it plays an important role in imparting antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant property to textile material and also helps in dyeing and printing of textile material. In the present study phytochemical analysis of peepal leaves was done to know the presence of different phytochemical. It was found that it showed the presence of alkaloids, anthraquinone, phenol, saponins, steroids and tannins was observed in both mediums of extraction.
Pages: 872-873 Saroj Yadav and Mona Verma (Department of Textile and Apparel Designing, I. C. College…
Pages: 874-877
Aref Mahavianpoor and Seyed Ahmad Mirjafari (Department of Psychology, Arsanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arsanjan, Iran)

The purpose of this study was to predict burnout based on addiction to work And Work-Family Conflict and Family Conflict - Work among Nurses of Hajieh Narges Hospital was introduced and social security in Mahshahr. The statistical population included all nurses of hospitals in Mahshahr city (Hajia Narges Hospital & Social Security Hospital), 240 people who worked in these hospitals in 2015. Using the Krejcie and Morgan table, a sample of 144 people (90 men) and (54 women) was selected by stratified random sampling. To collect the data, the Mozelj Burnout Questionnaire, the Addiction Worker Questionnaire and the Carlson Family Work-Life Conflict Questionnaire were used. Validity of the questionnaires was verified using content validity and reliability through Cronbach's alpha. Descriptive statistics (Mean, SD) and inferential statistics (Pearson Product Momemt Correlation & Multiple Regression Tests) were used to analyze the data. The results showed that, with increased work-family and family conflict-work and addiction to work, burnout has increased. 2. Among the dimensions of the conflict between work-family and family-work, the next is the time-consuming predictor of conflict for the job burnout variable. 3- Among the dimensions of addiction, spending a lot of time on work (work beyond the limit) is a powerful predictor of the job burnout variable.
Pages: 874-877 Aref Mahavianpoor and Seyed Ahmad Mirjafari (Department of Psychology, Arsanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University…
Pages: 878-880
Fatemeh Rahimi (Department of Counseling, Marvdasht Branch Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran)
Hossein Aflakifard (Department of Educational Sciences Farhangian University, Iran)

The purpose of this study was to explain the relationship between generation gap with social adjustment and happiness of secondary school students in Marvdasht city. The statistical population of this study consisted of all secondary school students of Marvdasht city. In this research, 100 people were selected by multi-stage cluster random sampling. The data gathering tool was a researcher-made generation gap questionnaire. Social compatibility of Samani and Sohrabi and the happiness of Oxford was that the validity and reliability of the questionnaires were also confirmed. For data analysis, descriptive statistics (mean & standard deviation) and inferential statistics (Pearson correlation coefficient & simple regression analysis) were used. The results showed that there is a direct and significant relationship between the social gaps with the social gap. A generation gap can predict social adjustment. There is a reverse and significant relationship between generational gap with happiness. A generation gap can predict happiness.
Pages: 878-880 Fatemeh Rahimi (Department of Counseling, Marvdasht Branch Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran) Hossein Aflakifard (Department…
Pages: 881-885
Nirmala Muralidhar (Department of Human Development & Family Empowerment Janki Devi Memorial College, University of Delhi, Delhi)
Dr. Vikas Menon (Consultant, Ophthalmic Plastic Surgery & Ocular Oncology Centre for Sight, New Delhi)

Retinoblastoma is a malignant tumour of the retina that occurs predominantly in young children. Not many people may be aware that a rare type of eye cancer that most commonly affects young children can prove fatal if left untreated. It develops as a mass in the retina (the sensitive lining on the inside of one's eye) and can be screened with just a smart phone. Children who have the disease often have a white glow in their pupils that shows up when photographed with a flash. Retinoblastoma may occur in one or both eyes of a child. When caught early, retinoblastoma can be successfully treated. Current technology and chemotherapy can help save a child's life and vision. The disease is usually diagnosed at an average age of 18 months, with 95 per cent of children diagnosed by five years of age. Unlike other cancers, there is less awareness about Retinoblastoma even among the medical practitioners. There is a need to sensitize parents, families, pediatricians as they are the first contact care givers for children. The new technology in smart phones has facilitated early detection and screening of white eye reflex in children even by lay persons. This article is based on a community-based initiative undertaken by a Department of a Delhi University affiliated college to create awareness about signs and symptoms of Retinoblastoma specifically squint and white eye reflex - the two red flags of the disease. The project promoted early detection and screening of Retinoblastoma through flash photography. The initiative was taken ahead by a group of students and faculty of the Department under the advisorship of a senior consultant in Ocular Oncology from a partnering super speciality eye institution based in New Delhi.
Pages: 881-885 Nirmala Muralidhar (Department of Human Development & Family Empowerment Janki Devi Memorial College, University…
Pages: 886-891
Sushant Bhardwaj (Department of Processing and Food Engineering, COAE&T, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana)
Yadvika (Department of Renewable & Bioenergy Engineering, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana)
Ravi Prakash (Department of Processing and Food Engineering, COAE&T, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana)
Satyakaam Malik (Extension Education Institute, Nilokheri)
V. K. Singh (Department of Processing and Food Engineering COAE&T, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana)

In the present study Shri Devi Bhavan Dairy farm Complex was selected for the energy auditing. It consists of three sections (i) Dairy farm, (ii) School, (iii) Temple Complex. The survey was carried out for the basic data collection regarding energy demands and resources availability in all the sections. The data was analyzed for determining total energy demand and resources availability in all sections. The survey of major activities related to use of thermal, electrical, mechanical and human energy was conducted and total energy demand and energy use pattern was also studied in this selected area. The data for energy demands and resource availability in Devi Bhavan Dairy farm Complex were collected with the help of well structured questionnaire developed for the purpose. The type of energy sources utilized in the dairy farm complex was electrical, thermal, mechanical and manual. The electrical energy was the only source of energy used in School and Temple Complex. The value of manual, electrical, thermal and mechanical energy required per month for dairy farm was 5997.6, 1509.2, 27600 and 9540 MJ/Month respectively. In case of school and temple complex demand of electrical energy per month was 2216.16 and 5715.36 MJ/Month respectively.
Pages: 886-891 Sushant Bhardwaj (Department of Processing and Food Engineering, COAE&T, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar…
Pages: 892-894
Daneshwari Onkari and Sunanda Itagi (Department of Human Development and Family Studies College of Community Science University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, Karnataka)

The research on socio-emotional behaviour of orphans was conducted in the year 2016-2017 in Dharwad taluka, Karnataka state with objectives to study the prevalence of orphans and to know their socio-emotional behaviour. Data was collected using Child behavior checklist developed by Achenbach (2001) socio-economic status scale by Agarwal et al., 2005 and self structured questionnaire to collect auxiliary information. Prevalence study was conducted in Dharwad taluk Karnataka. About 60 orphans were randomly selected from the prevalence to know their socio-emotional behaviour. Results revealed that 47.06 per cent of the orphans were in the clinical range category of socio-emotional behaviour which indicates that they are in need of immediate and effective intervention stratergies. Around 35.29 per cent and 14.71 per cent were under normal and borderline category of socio-emotional behaviour respectively. There was significant relationship between age and gender with respect to socio emotional behaviour of children.
Pages: 892-894 Daneshwari Onkari and Sunanda Itagi (Department of Human Development and Family Studies College of Community…
Pages: 895-899
Kavita (Department of Agriculture Economics CCSHAU, Hisar, Haryana)
Monu Devi (Extension lecturer in Government College, Haryana)
Satbir Singh (HSB, GJUS&T, Hisar, Haryana)
Babita (Department of Economics, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana)

Researcher conducted this study to measure the impact of fertilizers and pesticides on the production of agriculture sector. Current research was based on the secondary data related to the usage of fertilizers and the pesticides by Indian farmers for agriculture and the total production of the agriculture sector. Data has been taken from the official reports of the Ministry of Agriculture and the period reported for the data was of fifteen years starting from 2001 to 2016. It was found from the study that agriculture production and the yield per hectare both are associated with the usage of fertilizers in the country. Agriculture production will get increase with the increased usage of fertilizers. While pesticides do not ensure any increase in the agriculture production. Further, it was found from the study that even if there is an increase in the net irrigated area, but still the agriculture production has not increased.
Pages: 895-899 Kavita (Department of Agriculture Economics CCSHAU, Hisar, Haryana) Monu Devi (Extension lecturer in Government College…
Pages: 900-904
Lokesh Yadav and J.C. Mahla (Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, CCS HAU, Hisar, Haryana)

Four maize genotypes (uniform advanced inbred lines) comprising of two resistant (551-5 & 335) and two susceptible (295 & 1015 (2+3) were selected for ovipositional studies of maize stem borer, Chilo partellus (Swinhoe). The studies were conducted under choice and no choice conditions. It is inferred from the present studies that maize stem borer female moths are capable of selecting appropriate site for oviposition. Under both conditions lesser oviposition on resistant genotypes in comparison to susceptible ones indicated ovipositionalantixenosis. Female moths preferred third leaf over first and second leaves from top for oviposition. Among the upper and lower leaf lamia, the maize stem borer moth preferred to lay eggs on the lower lamina in comparison to the upper one. The presence of trichomes were responsible for determining oviposition by C. partellus.
Pages: 900-904 Lokesh Yadav and J.C. Mahla (Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, CCS HAU, Hisar…
Pages: 905-910
Jaikumar V., Prabhu N., and Jayakrishnaveni C. (Department of Psychiatry, Government Institute of Mental Health, Kilpauk, Chennai, Tamil Nadu )
Fatima Jessy M. (Social Welfare Officer, Government Institute of Mental Health, Kilpauk, Chennai, Tamil Nadu)

Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder often associated with disability and poor quality of life. In India, almost the persons with schizophrenia are living in their families, the family caregivers play a vital role and hence they are to be integrated within the treatment plan. So, it is inevitable that they need to have knowledge about illness, treatment and available support for effective caring and management. The aim of the study was to examine the influence of socio-demographic factors on the level of knowledge about schizophrenia and expressed emotions among caregivers of persons with schizophrenia. The family caregivers who were involved in taking care of persons with schizophrenia diagnosed falling under ICD - 10 criteria. There were 120 samples, in all. The study employed a expost-facto research design, where 120 caregivers of persons with schizophrenia were selected using purposive sampling technique. Knowledge about Schizophrenia Interview (KASI) and Family Attitude Questionnaire (FAQ) were used for assessment. Findings indicate, except age and gender, other socio-demographic factors did not play much significant role in any of the dimensions of KASI such as in diagnosis, symptomatology, etiology, medication, course, prognosis and management of schizophrenia and found to have a higher scores in their critical comments, hostility, dissatisfaction and emotional over involvement and less score in warmth. Caring for a person with schizophrenia is highly challenging and it might result in a negative emotional atmosphere in the patient's family if they lack knowledge about schizophrenia.
Pages: 905-910 Jaikumar V., Prabhu N., and Jayakrishnaveni C. (Department of Psychiatry, Government Institute of Mental…
Pages: 911-915
Soodeh Shadkam (Department of Psychology, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran)
Mohaddeseh Nejati (Department of Psychology, Marvdasht Branch Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran)

Anxiety Disorder is the most common anxiety disorder; several factors such as mindfulness, cognitive fusion and Self-Compassion play a role. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare Self-Compassion, mindfulness and cognitive fusion between patients with general anxiety and normal people. The causal-comparative research method the statistical population of this study is all patients with generalized anxiety disorder who are referred to the counseling center of Jahrom University. Among them, 30 subjects were selected by available sampling method. A group of 30 normal subjects without anxiety disorder were selected from among the university staff. The research instrument was a self-Compassion standard questionnaire, mindfulness and cognitive fusion. Data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of variance analysis. The results of multivariate analysis of variance showed that all cognitive fusion structures, mindfulness and self-compassion can well distinguish people with general anxiety disorder from normal people. This information can be used to diagnose patients with generalized anxiety disorder.
Pages: 911-915 Soodeh Shadkam (Department of Psychology, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran) Mohaddeseh Nejati (Department of Psychology, Marvdasht…
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