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Pages: 1058-1060
Komal Tiwari (Department of Psychology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan)
S. C. Joshi (Department of Zoology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan)
O. P. Sharma (Department of Psychology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan)

The herbal medicinal plant, Convolvulus pluricaulis (CP): a rasayana drug has been primarily advocated for use in mental stimulation and rejuvenation therapy. In ancient systems of Indian medicine, Ayurveda, the plant is also known as Shankhpushpi and has been shown to act as a prominent memory improving drug. The aim of the present study was to explore the effect of CP on learning and memory in Wistar albino rats. Rats were divided into three groups (control & experimental), doses (100 & 200 mg/kg) of aqueous extract of CP was administered orally for four successive weeks for experimental group. The aqueous extracts were evaluated for their effect on memory in rats using the Hebb Williams maze tests which served as the exteroceptive behavioral model. These findings suggest that there is a significant effect of CP on the memory enhancement. CP appears to be a promising drug for improving memory in the management of impaired learning, dementia, Alzheimer's disease, and other neurodegenerative disorders.
Pages: 1058-1060 Komal Tiwari (Department of Psychology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan) S. C. Joshi (Department of…
Pages: 1061-1063
Anubhuti Jain, Shweta Singh, and Manu Agarwal (Department of Psychiatry, King Georges Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh)

Youth with borderline personality experience intense mood swings and exhibit impulsivity, aggression and self harm behavior markedly. Although CBT has proven to be an effective treatment approach for such patients. Need is felt to incorporate other therapies like family therapy especially when unfavorable childhood experiences and disturbed familial relations have a role to play. This case study aimed to discuss about an efficacy of integrated intervention combining application of CBT along with Family therapy in a young girl with adolescent borderline personality. We report a case of a young girl presenting with complaints of verbal and physical aggression and excessive impulsivity increased in family context present from childhood. She had negative childhood experiences. Since she refused hospitalization and pharmacological intervention, she was managed on out-patient basis by using integrated intervention combining application of CBT along with Family therapy. As the therapy progressed, the patient reported improvement in terms of general well-being and gradually, there was 70% improvement according to the patient as well as her mother. Childhood experiences and family relationships play a pivotal role in contributing towards personality formation in adolescents. Combining CBT with Family Therapy may prove to be beneficial in such cases.
Pages: 1061-1063 Anubhuti Jain, Shweta Singh, and Manu Agarwal (Department of Psychiatry, King Georges Medical University…
Pages: 1064-1067
Md Intekhab Ur Rahman (Department of Psychology, B. N. Mandal University, Madhepura, Bihar)

A disaster is generally referred to as a collective experience through which its survivors share an unpredictable occurrence resulting in a change of their overall perception. Disasters are overwhelming events as they test the capability of the community and individuals to respond and can temporarily lead to massive disruption. The extensive and enduring effects of disasters are apparent on the psychological and physical health of survivors. Personality characteristics like gender, ethnicity and coping, variables connected to disaster like injury and situation factors all are considered as threats for psychological problems after disasters. A "disaster" can be a frustrating and multifaceted task that proves difficult even for scholars. Natural disasters are often described as “acts of God” a term that automatically eliminates human responsibility. The aftermath of natural disaster includes an unambiguous physical impact, resulting in property damage, injury, and death of victims. These are catastrophic occurrences with the capacity to impose various kinds of hardship, e.g. loss of property and personal possessions, enduring hunger and physical discomfort, or injury to separation from family and close friends. Devastation of social support networks as well as loss of financial income is just a few examples of the long-term hardships many survivors have to experience. The present paper emphasized that individuals as well as societies can play a major role in the rehabilitation process and should be taken into account rather than just focusing on the impact of environmental factors on individual vulnerabilities.
Pages: 1064-1067 Md Intekhab Ur Rahman (Department of Psychology, B. N. Mandal University, Madhepura, Bihar)
Pages: 1068-1071
Mahdy Jahan Ara (Master of Medicine, Iran)
Adel Ghari and Razieh Esfandiari (Department of Counseling, Khomeini Shahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khomeini Shahr, Iran)

The purpose of this study is to investigate the potential of Ego in relation to marital adjustment. A semi-experimental design was a pre-test-post-test with a control and experimental group. The statistical population consisted of 80 couples in Esfahan city of Isfahan, 80 women and 80 men. Sampling method is available using available samples. The sample size was divided into two experimental and control groups. The experimental group received Ego therapy in 6 sessions per hour (weekly one session). Both groups responded to questions about the fear of negative evaluation once before intervention and once upon completion of the intervention. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics such as covariance analysis. Findings showed that amateur training has a significant effect on improving the overall score of fear of negative evaluation.
Pages: 1068-1071 Mahdy Jahan Ara (Master of Medicine, Iran) Adel Ghari and Razieh Esfandiari (Department of Counseling…
Pages: 1072-1074
Shweta Tandon and Shahzadi Malhotra (Clinical Psychology, Chacha Nehru Bal Chikitsalaya, Delhi)

The prevalence of eating disorders (ED) in the eastern part of the world is lower than that of Western countries but appears to be increasing. Current research findings about ED in India seem to be moving in two different directions at once. On one hand there is increasing recognition of eating disorders within the Indian population. On the other, a persisting belief that the culture-bound syndrome of eating disorders is alien to India, and non-western cultures shield individuals from developing eating disorders.In a study by Mammen, Russell, and Russell (2007) on the prevalence of eating disorders and psychiatric comorbidity among children and adolescents found that 1.25 % of the sample could be diagnosed having an eating disorder .The commonest form being anorexia nervosa and psychogenic vomitting. Psychogenic vomitting can be defined as vomitting associated with emotional distress and anxiety. The present paper will highlight two case reports of children who presented with symptoms of psychogenic vomitting to the OPD of CNBC hospital, Delhi. The contrasting nature of the symptom initiation-one mimicking a previous serious illness and the other from academic stress will be highlighted. Behavioural and Cognitive interventions such as graded meal, distraction and cognitive restructuring were undertaken. The paper highlights the need to understand the need for tailor made interventions for children with such conditions as there may not always be an underlying psychological conflict.
Pages: 1072-1074 Shweta Tandon and Shahzadi Malhotra (Clinical Psychology, Chacha Nehru Bal Chikitsalaya, Delhi)
Pages: 1075-1078
Rashmi Upreti (Department of Human Development & Family Studies College of Home Science, P.A.U., Ludhiana, Punjab)
Ritu Singh (Department of Human Development & Family Studies, College of Home Science, G.B.P.U.A.&T., Pantnagar, Uttarakhand)

Most of the mobile phones nowadays are addressed as 'smartphone', as they offer more advanced computing power and connectivity than a contemporary mobile phone. Mental health experts are coining the term “smartphone slaves” for those persons who undergoes behavioural changes that come with excessive usage of smartphones. In coming years, this addiction is likely to be growing even more common because of the rising demand and access of the smartphones. Surveys and data reporting a clear picture that smartphones are overpowering man and hence man is day by day becoming slaves of these smartphones. Youths are more susceptible of this addiction, and this addiction in turn harms their health, psychology, communication skills etc. Smartphones excessive usage affecting the face to face communication, replacing the relationships and hence affecting the family functioning. Literature reveals that gender of user has great impact over the usage of smartphones and its selection. Gender is associated with mobile phone involvement. Family support is very much fruitful to fight against the slavery, so, as much as possible keep the addicted person busy and involve them in household activities. Smartphone is an important and useful invention of science, without which it would be hard to survive. So, preventive steps should be taken and phone should be use within limits.
Pages: 1075-1078 Rashmi Upreti (Department of Human Development & Family Studies College of Home Science, P.A.U…
Pages: 1079-1082
Sunil Kumar, S.P. Dahiya, A.S.Yadav and Sandeep Kumar (Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana)
Piyush Tomar (Department of Veterinary Public Health and pidemiology College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana)

Milk and dairy products have significant importance to human nutrition during different stages of life but they can also act as vehicle for spread of various milk borne diseases. India is a developing country and faces greater challenges in this aspect due to poor knowledge of processing or storage of dairy products which is responsible for transmission of a number of milk borne zoonotic diseases viz., tuberculosis, brucellosis, salmonellosis, campylobacteriosis etc. These diseases pose severe threat to human life and some of them could be fatal as well. There is a need to detect these pathogens which can transmit due to insufficient pasteurization of milk or milk products or through post-pasteurization contamination, in order to successfully avoid transmission of these diseases. Proper pasteurization, surveillance and public awareness about milk borne zoonotic diseases can contribute significantly in reducing incidence of these diseases. This review highlights the important milk borne diseases and their remedy for control and prevention of these diseases.
Pages: 1079-1082 Sunil Kumar, S.P. Dahiya, A.S.Yadav and Sandeep Kumar (Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding…
Pages: 1083-1086
Anagha Lavalekar and Sanhitta Karmalkar (Jnana Prabodhinis Institute of Psychology, Pune, Maharashtra)

Quality of Life (QOL) and Psychological Well-being (PWB) are dynamic constructs. Various social, cultural and environmental factors influence an individual's experience of the quality of his life and well-being at any particular point in time. This study investigates the role of age in determining people's QOL and PWB. So, four age groups namely 20-29, 30-39, 40-59 and 60-and above have been compared with respect to their Quality of Life (factual) and Psychological Well-being. Comprehensive Quality of Life Scale by Robert Cummins (1997) and Ryff's Scale of Psychological Well-being constructed by Carol Ryff (1995) have been used. Total 330 urban participants were included in the study. One Way ANOVA was used to analyze the results. On Quality of Life (only the factual domain), significant differences were found on Material well-being, Health, Productivity, Safety and Total factual Quality of life. On Psychological Well-being, four age groups differed significantly on positive relations with others, environmental mastery, personal growth and total psychological well-being. Findings have been discussed in the light of relevant literature.
Pages: 1083-1086 Anagha Lavalekar and Sanhitta Karmalkar (Jnana Prabodhinis Institute of Psychology, Pune, Maharashtra)
Pages: 1087-1092
Nilanjana Sanyal and Manisha Das Gupta (Department of Psychology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata)

Pregnancy and motherhood are important phases in the lives of both parents, in their relationship and the relationship with their baby. The mother appears to be the central figure in the infant's emotional-relationship based life and mothering seems to be the medium of absorbing experiences of internal and external objects. Mothering forms the pedestal of object-relations of the infant. In fact, mother-child interaction and inter-relations strongly hold ground to develop a sense of sound subject-object relations. Mental health of mothers thus is of immense importance in installing healthy reality relations of their children. The present paper deals with a discourse on “motherhood constellation” in the life-growth thematic context. The motherhood trilogy discusses how the self-identity of a woman attains a transition in the canvas of pregnancy. Primary mental representations of the mother enable her to identify with the experiences of her infant by means of reflection leading to subtle adjustments in relation to her handling of her baby and mature subject-object relations.
Pages: 1087-1092 Nilanjana Sanyal and Manisha Das Gupta (Department of Psychology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata)
Pages: 1093-1095
Gouri Shankar Tenginkai (Faculty of Management, Manav Rachna International University, Faridabad, Haryana)
N. K. Chadha (Dean, Faculty of Behavior and Social Sciences, Manav Rachna International University, Faridabad, Haryana)
Chavi Bhargava Sharma (Dean, Faculty of Management, Manav Rachna International University, Faridabad, Haryana)

Bonding is most important to achieve marital success. Empathy plays a vital role in enhancing emotional closeness between the married partners. It's one of the most important form of human psychotherapy and has contributed in enhancing the growth in most forms of relationships. Communication is the key to happy marriage and the emotional layer of communication is most vital for married couples. Good emotional communication is the foundation that enhances problem-solving skills, resulting in strong marital bonding between the spouses. In the past, marital bond between the spouses were stronger, as marriage then was never a source of deriving happiness. In the recent times, the new modern era marriages are no more about strong marital bond, as they only strive for individual happiness, self goals and self centered desires and aspirations. Emotional equality between the married partners that include qualities like love, sympathy, loyalty and patience; are required to achieve lasting marital bond. Marriage is a bond between two equal partners, this understanding and mental maturity will not allow dominance of either partner and will strengthen the marital bond. As Mahatma Gandhi rightly said that marriage is a partnership and not a hierarchical arrangement. To achieve the status of marital bond being stronger than blood bond, the married couples must strive for an emotional bond between them. Your marriage is the most important relationship you will ever have, and marriage is an ultimate bond between two partners, and hence its very importance to keep up the promise of 'Till death do us apart' that the couples made while they got married, to achieve and win an everlasting strong marital bond.
Pages: 1093-1095 Gouri Shankar Tenginkai (Faculty of Management, Manav Rachna International University, Faridabad, Haryana) N. K. Chadha…
Pages: 1096-1101
Namita Mohanty and Priyanka Patnaik (Department of Psychology, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha)

The present study was based on a 2 (Work status) x 3 (Age) factorial design to examine the role of work status and age on general efficacy, perceived stress, marital adjustment and mental well-being of married working and non-working women across three age groups. The sample consisted of 120 married women (60 working & 60 non-working) from young age (25-34 years), middle age (35-44 years) and late age group (45-55 years). Thus, there were 20 working and 20 non-working married women in each of the three age groups. Results revealed a significant main effect of work status with respect to perceived stress. Non-working women experienced higher level of stress compared to their working counterparts. On the other hand, age had a significant effect on efficacy and women in late age were more efficacious than the middle aged women. Work status and age interaction effect revealed that young non-working women had better marital adjustment compared to all other groups. On the basis of Regression analysis, marital adjustment emerged as the most powerful predictor of mental well-being of married women. Results were discussed in the light socialization practices, gender role expectations, empowerment through economic independence and psycho-social needs across different age groups of working and non-working married women.
Pages: 1096-1101 Namita Mohanty and Priyanka Patnaik (Department of Psychology, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha)
Pages: 1102-1106
Seema Vinayak and Madhvi Malhotra (Department of Psychology, Panjab University, Chandigarh)

Technological revolutions and inventions have provided the world with various inventions for various purposes. Each and every invention has brought comforts additionally as well as some threatening effects with it. Same is in the case with mobile phone technology. Addictive mobile phone use can be regarded as an impulse control disorder that does not involve an intoxicant and is similar to the addictive use of various technologies, such as the internet. Since its appearance in the psychiatric and clinical psychology literature, problematic use of the Mobile phone has been viewed as a disorder and conceptualized as an addictive behavior (Billieux, 2012). Therefore it is an important area to be explored. The current investigation was designed to study the impact of Impulsiveness on Mobile phone addiction and to compare Mobile phone addiction and Impulsiveness among adolescent males and females. For this purpose Impulsiveness scale (Barratt, 1995) and Mobile phone addiction scale (Velayudhan & Srividya, 2012) were administered to a sample of 100 adolescents (50 males & 50 females) in the age range of 14-19years. The sample was collected from the private schools of Chandigarh. Pearson Product Moment Correlation method was used for statistical analysis of the results in order to determine the impact of impulsiveness on mobile phone addiction and t-test was used to compare mobile phone addiction and impulsiveness among adolescent males and females. Impulsiveness has been positively correlated to mobile phone addiction.
Pages: 1102-1106 Seema Vinayak and Madhvi Malhotra (Department of Psychology, Panjab University, Chandigarh)
Pages: 1107-1113
Satinder Kaur, Deepika Vig, and Sarita Saini (Department of Human Development and Family Studies, College of Home Science, PAU, Ludhiana, Punjab )

The present study was undertaken to explore the mental health status of rural and urban adolescents with selfie addiction. The total sample comprised of 360 adolescents studying in 10th, 11th and 12th standard from rural and urban schools of Ludhiana district identified with different levels of selfie addiction and equally divided across two locales i.e. rural and urban. Self-structured Selfie Addiction checklist and Mental Health Battery (Singh & Gupta, 2000) was used to collect the data. The combined picture of mental health status of rural and urban adolescents showed that adolescents with chronic level of selfie addiction were having poor mental health status which indicates that they were having issues with certain aspects of mental health. The results indicated that within borderline and acute level of selfie addiction, urban adolescents had better mental health as compared to rural adolescents. It was found that all the rural urban adolescents with chronic selfie addiction were found to have low level of mental health. It was further found that as the severity of selfie addiction increased from borderline to acute the percentage of adolescents with high intelligence decreased. Urban adolescents were having better emotional stability than rural adolescents whereas rural adolescents were having better intelligence than their urban counterparts. Urban adolescents were more independent, self-determined in thinking and had greater sense of security as compared to rural adolescents.
Pages: 1107-1113 Satinder Kaur, Deepika Vig, and Sarita Saini (Department of Human Development and Family…
Pages: 1114-1117
Bindu (Department of Sociology, Panjab University, Chandigarh)

In the era of development, elderly women living alone are facing problems. Due to development and migration, children move to other cities and starts living in the nuclear family set up. Here, elderly women who are physically and mentally dependent on their children are left behind. They face different type of problems in their day to day life, loneliness is one of them. Impact of development on loneliness has made the life of elderly women more vulnerable. The paper focused upon impact of development on loneliness among elderly women that are living alone. The main objectives of the study were to find out the profile of the elderly women and to highlight the impact of development on loneliness among elderly women living alone in the society. An empirical study was done through the non-probability sampling and 30 elderly women were selected with the help of snow ball method. Data was collected through interview schedule. It was found that a large number of the elderly women were facing a moderate level of loneliness followed by a complete loneliness. Thus, impact of development was reported by elderly women. It can be concluded that development is a process of social change which can affect the society positively as well as negatively. In the case of elderly women living alone, development has affected negatively as they face more loneliness.
Pages: 1114-1117 Bindu (Department of Sociology, Panjab University, Chandigarh)
Pages: 1118-1120
Yakata Sharma, Nikita Somani, and Chirmi Acharya (Department of Psychology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan)

Adolescence is that stage of developmental transition during which boys and girls move from childhood to adulthood, developing physically, mentally and socially. A genuine and goal oriented attitude during this transition phase proves fruitful in the optimum growth and development of young boys and girls. The purpose of the present study is to see Locus of Control as a predictor of Self Esteem and Academic Achievement of 60 school going adolescents (both male-female) belonging to the age group 13 to 17 years. The findings of the study can be implemented in the academic curriculum to foster better understanding of such psychological variables in developing well-functioning adolescents.
Pages: 1118-1120 Yakata Sharma, Nikita Somani, and Chirmi Acharya (Department of Psychology, University of Rajasthan…
Pages: 1121-1123
Manju Mishra (Department of Psychology, H.R.P.G. College, Khalilabad, Sant Kabir Nagar, Uttar Pradesh)

Mindfulness is an attribute of consciousness. It plays a significant role in promoting well-being. Jon Kabat-Zinn one of the prominent thinkers of mindfulness defined it as paying attention in a particular way on purpose in the present movement and nonjudgementally. Researchers have found that enhancement of mindfulness through training facilitates a variety of well-being outcomes. Mindfulness incorporates both aspects of consciousness, i.e., attention and awareness. Attention and awareness are important characteristics of normal functioning. Mindfulness can be considered as enhanced attention to and awareness of present experience. This paper attempts to define the concept of mindfulness and its relation to similar psychological constructs. An elaborate description of role of mindfulness in promoting physical and psychological well being has been presented. There are evidences which show that mindfulness is crucial to the operation of healthy regulatory process. Such interplay of mindfulness and different facts of well being have been addressed.
Pages: 1121-1123 Manju Mishra (Department of Psychology, H.R.P.G. College, Khalilabad, Sant Kabir Nagar, Uttar Pradesh)
Pages: 1124-1126
Renuka Joshi (Department of Psychology, D.A.V. (PG) College, Dehradun, Uttarakhand)
Goldee Sharma (Research Scholar, Pacific University, Udaipur, Rajasthan)

The present study was conducted to examine the impact of parental encouragement on social maturity among adolescents. 2x2 factorial design was used. Data was collected from 120 high school students using stratified sampling technique. Equal number of boys and girls were chosen on the basis of high and low parental encouragement. Parental encouragement level was decided by using scale developed by Sharma (1987) and Social maturity scale developed by Rao (1986) was used to measure the various dimensions of social maturity. Means, SDs and F test were used. Results indicated significant difference between the adolescents having high and low parental encouragement on total social maturity, work orientation, communication and cooperation. Gender difference was observed on self direction, social commitment and social tolerance. Interaction effect was significant for cooperation, a dimension of social maturity.
Pages: 1124-1126 Renuka Joshi (Department of Psychology, D.A.V. (PG) College, Dehradun, Uttarakhand) Goldee Sharma (Research Scholar…
Pages: 1127-1132
Bharat (UG & PG Department of Psychology, NKSPTs Arts, Science and Commerce College, Badnapur, Jalna, Maharashtra)

The aim of this research was to investigate the relationship between personality type and job satisfaction. Main objectives of study were to find out the effect of types A and type B personality pattern on Job Satisfaction of Industrial Workers. In line of objectives, there are two hypothesis was formulated, i.e., type-A personality would have positive effect on job satisfaction of industrial workers and type-B personality would have positive effect on job satisfaction of industrial workers. For testing the hypothesis, 400 indstrial workers was chosen by random sampling method. Data collected by ABBP scale, constructed by Upinder Dhar and Manisha. Regression analyses are used for data analysis. Results shows that, The Beta value for Type-A is -0.053 and associated t value is 1.13 which is not significant and we conclude that there is no effect of type-A personality on job satisfaction. The Beta value for Type-B is 0.198 and associated t value is 4.25 which is significant on 0.01 level. Researcher concluded that Type-A personality pattern is not associated with job satisfaction of industrial workers and there is no effect of personality type-A pattern on job satisfaction and Type-B personality is positively related to job satisfaction and it has greater impact on job satisfaction of industrial workers.
Pages: 1127-1132 Bharat (UG & PG Department of Psychology, NKSPTs Arts, Science and Commerce College…
Pages: 1133-1135
Manju Mishra (Department of Psychology, H.R.P.G. College, Khalilabad, Uttar Pradesh)

Research on well being has become very prominent area in psychology and other social sciences. This paper presents a review of historical background of well being, starting from the work of Aristotle to the present day. The paper is divided in two sections. Section 1 presents a historical background of well being and section 2 presents practical approach to understand and enhance well being. Carol Ryff identified five aspect of well- being: autonomy; environmental mastery; positive relationship with other, purpose in life and self acceptance. Keys (2002) has used the terms “flourishing and languishing” as scientific concepts of well being. Martin Seligman (2011) father of Modern positive psychology has identified five elements of well being that are building blocks of flourishing life; Positive Emotion; Engagement; Relationship; Meaning; and Accomplishment. At last the paper presents two practical dimensions of well being: 1. Feeling good or happiness, 2. Doing good or sense of meaning in life and self worth. A detailed description of ways of feeling good or doing good have been presented.
Pages: 1133-1135 Manju Mishra (Department of Psychology, H.R.P.G. College, Khalilabad, Uttar Pradesh)
Pages: 1136-1139
Stuti Singh (Department of Psychology, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh)

Stress is a person's psychological and physiological response to the perception of a demand or challenge. The present study aims at exploring the causes of stress and its management among the girls residing in hostels. The study being exploratory in nature, focus group discussion (FGD) was chosen for data collection. Focus group discussion was held with girls in the age group 18 to 24 years. A semi structured interview schedule was prepared for the focus group discussion. Each focus group was audio taped and then transcribed for further analysis. Response themes indicated that after leaving their home now they have new roles and responsibilities, which causes stress in their daily routine as they have to manage everything on their own. Some girls expressed concern about the health and worries of the at-home parent, for most of them the mother is the central figure who helps in dealing with stressful situations. Further, social media, their friends and other hostel mates play very important role in their life now.
Pages: 1136-1139 Stuti Singh (Department of Psychology, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh)
Pages: 1140-1143
Kundan Kumar, Manoj Kumar, Jaywant Kumar Singh, S. P. Goyal, and Surjeet Singh (Department of Plant Pathology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana)

Mushrooms are edible fungi. Milky mushroom (Calocybe indica) fits well under summer months conditions because of its ability to grow at temperature above 30°C. The green mould due to Trichoderma harzianum is of common occurrence in milky mushroom cultivation and causing losses from 63-65%. The disease characterized by initially white to grayish mycelium appear on substrate and on casing surface that resembles with the mushroom mycelial and later on mycelium mat turns to dark green color due to heavy sporulation of causal agent which is a peculiar symptom of the disease. The green mould incidence recorded varies from 0 to 26 % and maximum being in the Sonipat district (26.0 %), and no disease was recorded in Fatehabad district. The average disease incidence in Haryana recorded during 2014 was 14.8 per cent and approx similar pattern of disease prevalence (13.8 per cent) was observed during 2015.
Pages: 1140-1143 Kundan Kumar, Manoj Kumar, Jaywant Kumar Singh, S. P. Goyal, and Surjeet Singh…
Pages: 1144-1146
Pooja Tyagi (Department of Psychology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana)
Bintu Singh Ranga (Department of Economics, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana)

The present study is an endeavor to describe the varying pattern in spending nature across three generations. For this purpose a study was conducted which consisted 60 participants of both sexes which was further divided into three groups. 1st group was of old age, age ranging between 70-80 (n=20), 2nd group was of middle age, age ranging between 40-55 (n=20) and 3rd group was of early adulthood, age ranging between 18- 28 (n=20) on the basis of purposive sampling from urban areas of Hisar district Haryana. The participants were measured with self constructed expenditure scale and interviewed as well. Findings revealed that youngsters spent just to show off while middle age group i.e. 2nd group was found to make significantly less expenditure as compared to 1st group. On other hand old age i.e. 3rd group was found to make need based expenditure only. Results clearly indicate variations across three generations. Findings show that we are becoming more expensive generation wise with little saving and bore buying. Variations are also found in need based buying. Youths spent to keep up with joneses. Youths shows low level of saving as compared to middle and old age group. The findings are discussed in the paper.
Pages: 1144-1146 Pooja Tyagi (Department of Psychology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana) Bintu Singh Ranga (Department…
Pages: 1147-1150
Sisira Satheesan (Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Human Behaviour, Bambolim, Goa)
Noufal Hameed (Department of Clinical Psychology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka)

There is growing understanding that experience of trauma can bring about positive changes in affected individuals. This posttraumatic growth is found to be associated with a number of factors such as personality traits and gender. The present study is aimed at understanding the personality correlates of posttraumatic growth in female patients living with HIV/AIDS. The cross sectional single group quantitative study included 30 female patients of HIV/AIDS who were assessed on five factor personality traits and posttraumatic growth. The study found that the present sample scored significantly higher on the personality dimension of neuroticism and significantly lower on the personality dimension of conscientiousness compared to the population norm. There was also significant positive correlation between the posttraumatic growth variable new possibilities and the two factors of five factor model viz. openness to experience and agreeableness. Salient points about the results are discussed including the implications of the present findings. Further, limitations of the study along with implications for further researches is also discussed. The present study, despite having a number of limitations, provide an initial look into the personality correlates of posttraumatic growth among a group of women living with HIV/AIDS.
Pages: 1147-1150 Sisira Satheesan (Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Human Behaviour, Bambolim, Goa) Noufal…
Pages: 1151-1154
Kundan Kumar, Manoj Kumar, Jaywant Kumar Singh, S. P. Goyal, and Surjeet Singh (Department of Plant Pathology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana)

The milky mushroom is gaining popularity among the traditional button mushroom growers in the India as alternate crop during summer months, but green mould disease caused by T. harzianum is becoming a limiting factor for its popularization among the mushroom growers. Physiology of both pathogen (T. harzianum) and milky mushroom (C. indica) was standardized and found that though C. indica can grow at wide range of temperatures and pH but optimum growth was observed at 30±1˚C and pH 6.0. Similarly the optimum growth of T. harzianum was observed and found that it was at temperature 25±1˚C and pH 6.5. The effect of temperature and pH on interaction of C. indica with T. harzianum also was observed and found that minimum inhibition of C. indica by T. harzianum was observed at temperature 30±1˚C and pH 6.0.
Pages: 1151-1154 Kundan Kumar, Manoj Kumar, Jaywant Kumar Singh, S. P. Goyal, and Surjeet Singh…
Pages: 1155-1161
Meghna Basu Thakur and Priscilla Paul (Department of Applied Psychology, University of Mumbai, Mumbai, Maharashtra )

In the absence of adequate psychological literature with respect to sexual harassment in the Indian context, the present study attempted to the inter-relationships between various psychological variables linked to sexual harassment. Participants were 30 working women, who completed relevant questionnaires. Data obtained from the participants was subjected to statistical analyses. Factors correlating with psychological well-being, physical symptoms, and social distance were identified. Age was found to exhibit a significant negative correlation with sexual harassment experiences, such that younger women were more likely to report sexual harassment experiences than their older counterparts. Also, women working in male-dominated environments were more likely to report more physical symptoms. Women who perceived their organizations as emphasizing on physical appearance reported a higher frequency of sexual harassment experiences and were more likely to work in male-dominated environments than those who did not perceive their organizations as emphasizing on physical appearance. The significant research findings emerging from the preliminary investigation have been discussed in the light of existing literature. Implications for organizations and mental health practitioners have been discussed as well.
Pages: 1155-1161 Meghna Basu Thakur and Priscilla Paul (Department of Applied Psychology, University of Mumbai…
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