Page: 363-365

Parmod Kumar (Department of Commerce, Shri Jagdishprasad Jhabarmal Tibrewala University, Jhunjhunu, Rajasthan)

The furtherance of technology and progress in agriculture has empowered our country to furnish food security. But this technology negative effect also. That types of technology imbalanced our ecosystem. Under such status, dangerous earthly concerns have been verbalized regarding the use of heavy chemicals, pesticides and fertilizers in agriculture in footing of their negative effect on the human health and the environment. The chance of 'Organic Agriculture' is the only solution to nurture the land and to reproduce the soil by going back to our traditional method of farming, i.e., free from chemicals, pesticides and fertilizers. This is a potential step for sustainable development by adopting not to use chemicals, synthetic materials, pesticides and generate hormones to produce high nutritional quality food and in appropriate quantity. This article provides an overview of organic agriculture in India.

Page: 370-373

Shweta Negi and Roopali Sharma (Amity Institute of Psychology and Allied Sciences, AUUP, Noida, Uttar Pradesh)

Suicidal ideation are the thoughts which effects the well-being of an individual. Suicide is an act where a person harm oneself in complete awareness and it can also leads to death of a person. One of the most common reason of self - harm is hopelessness. There are wide range of factors found to be responsible for suicide ideation among high school children starting from low self-esteem, teasing, bullying, low grades and existence of other psychopathology. This study was done to determine, whether Healthy emotional Expression is an Intervention for suicide ideation among school students. 55 Review of Literature suggests varied intervention of suicide ideation, written exposure, disclosure, music therapy, Writing emotions or Catharsis, promotion of group support, relaxation and mindfulness based meditation are one of the effective ways to deal with high school students having suicidal ideation.

Page: 380-382

Sanjay Nawale (Department of Psychology, Arts and Commerce College, Belapur, Ahmednagar, Maharashtra) V. R. Shinde (Department of Psychology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra)

Subjective well being is very important aspect of life as it is determined by many situational and individualistic factors, and extent of SWB also impacts overall psychological and physical health of a person. Workplace is an important area in person's life, and specifically into it, type of sector, that is public or private sector has its own scope and limitations. The study aimed at measuring the SWB among the public sector and private sector executives. Study also aimed to see the comparison of SWB among males and females. Total 400 participants, 200 from public sector (including 100 male & 100 female), and 200 from private sector, included in study with convenient sampling. Assessment of SWB was done with inventory by Sell and Nagpal that is Subjective Well-being Inventory (SUBI). Results indicated that SWB was significantly higher in Public Sector Executives than Private Sector Executives. SWB was higher in Males than Females irrespective of the sector they are working. SWB does not differ significantly among males and females of Public sector and Private Sector when the gender comparison done for specific public and private sector.

Page: 386-388

Ankita Singh (Department of Psychology, MJRP University, Jaipur, Rajasthan)

This study examined mental health of male-female doctors in Jaipur. Doctors (n=200) were tested on various factors of mental health. It was predicted that there'll be a significant of mental health on job satisfaction of male-female doctors. Employee's Mental Health Inventory by Gupta & Kumar was used to collect primary data. Sample size was 200. Doctors were tested on various parameters of Mental Health (1) Regular Life (2) Adjustment (3) Emotional Maturity (4) Self-Evaluation (5) Self-Concept (6) Physical Health (7) Satisfaction (8) Clear-Cut Philosophy of Life. (9) Anxietylessness (10) Conflictlessness. There'll be significant difference found between mental health of male & female doctors.

Page: 392-398

Damanjit Sandhu and Kirandeep Kaur (Department of Psychology, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab) Dimpy Mahanta (Department of Psychology, Cotton University, Guwahati, Assam)

Child sexual abuse is a significant global issue. Research supports strong association between sexual abuse among children and poor mental health. Considering the Chronicity of sexual abuse among children in the North-Eastern parts of India and its deleterious impact on their mental health, it is important to study this issue among the North-Eastern children. Thus, the current study aimed at studying the association of sexual abuse experiences among children with various mental health difficulties. The difference in the mental health of children with sexual abuse experiences and the controls (children with no sexual abuse experiences) was also studied. The sample for the present research comprised of 550 early adolescents (275 males & 275 females) of age ranging from12 to 15 years randomly selected from various schools nearby different tea estates of Assam majorly catering to the children of tea garden workers. Children coming from various tea gardens constituted the sample for the present study. The participant adolescents were screened for having sexual abuse experiences to obtain a sample of 42 adolescents (13 males & 29 females) having a history of sexual abuse with the help of Childhood Trauma Questionnaire by Berstein and Fink (1998). An equal number (13 males & 29 females) were selected in the control group matched on significant aspects like age, sex, socio-economic status, parental education etc. A measure of mental health difficulties viz. The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) by Goodman (2005) was administered to the sample to study their mental health. Pearson Product Moment Correlation and t-test were used to analyze the data. Findings revealed that sexual abuse experiences are positively associated with various mental health difficulties and that there exists a significant difference in the sexual abuse victims and the controls in terms of various mental health difficulties. Children in the sexual abuse victims group (SA) exhibited higher emotional problems, conduct problems and peer problems than children in the control group. It can be concluded from the results of this study that child sexual abuse is associated with problems in children's psychosocial development, particularly increased mental health difficulties.

Page: 403-410

O.P. Sharma (Department of Psychology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan) Vismita Paliwal (Department of Psychology, NIMS University, Jaipur, Rajasthan) Mangi Lal
(Department of Psychology, Jai Narayan Vyas University, Jodhpur, Rajasthan)

Teachers, their well-being, their professionalism and their professional development are critical in any discussion as to how to improve educational performance. The purpose of the study was to analyze the effect of rural and urban background and gender on the level of psychological well-being and self-efficacy among teachers of Rajasthan. Sample of 300 teachers was selected among which 150 were rural and 150 were urban areas of Rajasthan. Among both rural and urban teachers 75 were male and 75 female. The age range of the teachers was 25-45 years. Ryff's psychological well-being scales (PWB) (Ryff, 1989) and Teacher Self-efficacy Scale (Bandura, 1977) were conducted on the sample selected. Scoring of response sheets was done by the investigator himself according to the scoring keys given in the manuals of three tests. For the determination of significance of mean differences the student's “t” test were applied between the gender (male & female) and location (rural & urban) of the schools. It was found that the Level of Positive relations, self acceptance and total psychological well being were found significantly more on male teachers of rural area than female teachers of rural area. It was also indicated that female teachers of urban area were found to have more level of Environmental Mastery, positive relations, self acceptance, purpose in life, personal growth dimensions of psychological well being scale, and total psychological well being than male teachers of urban area. The urban teachers had significantly high Personal Growth dimension of psychological well being than rural teachers. The limitations and implications of the study were stated.

Page: 414-416

Anjali Singh and Sunita Kumari (Department of Psychology, Shri Varshney College, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh)

The present research was undertaken to examine a comparative study of personal stress among employed and unemployed graduates. The sample comprised of two hundred graduates in which one hundred employed and one hundred unemployed at Aligarh district. The data was collected from the help of personal stress source inventory (PSSI) developed by Singh, Singh, and Singh. The data was analyzed using mean, SD and t-test. The finding of the present study revealed that significant difference between employed graduates and unemployed graduates. On personal stress source inventory unemployed graduates have higher level of stress than employed graduates.

Page: 422-424

Gurwinder Singh and Manjinder Kaur (Department of Education and Community Service, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab)

In this paper, an attempt has made to study of perception of teachers towards achieving the goals of Sarv Shiksha Abhyan at Primary and Upper Primary Level. Keeping in view the nature of the study, the investigator developed and standardized the perception scale. For the present study, purposive sampling has been done and 50 teachers were selected. After analysis of the data, it was found that special attention needs to be taken on building new classrooms, availability of appropriate furniture, a check on the expenditure of mid-day meal, separate toilets for boys and girls. Also it has been found that mid-day meal has a positive effect on the enrolment and regularity of students.

Page: 429-431

Dineshwar Roy (Department of Psychology, Samastipur College Samastipur, Bihar)

The purpose of the present study was to find out the effect of education level of couples on marital happiness and adjustment. As the educational level increased, the marital happiness also increased. Study also proved that higher the educational level, greater the mean score of marital adjustment. The study demonstrated that the educational level influences the marital adjustment and marital happiness of couples. Educational levels of partners, was independent variables and marital adjustment and marital happiness were dependent variables. To measures these variables, Kumar and Rohatagi (1999) Marital Adjustment questionnaire and Azrin, Nester, and Jones (1973) Marital Happiness scale were used. Besides these scales /inventory, a. short questionnaire related to respondents' background variables was also used. In the first part of the analysis, Mean, Mdns, S.Ds., Skewness, Reliability of the used inventory/scale were computed. Inter as well as intra correlation of the obtained scores was also computed.

Page: 441-444

Pratibha Kapahi (Department of Psychology, Model Inter +2 School, Samastipur, Bihar)

The study was conducted to assess the effect of level of internet addiction (H-L) and level of aspirations educational aspiration (H-L) and occupational aspirations (H-L) on academic achievement/ performance of adolescents.100 adolescents (50 Boys & 50 Girls ) were involved in the study. The Educational aspiration Scale (Saxena's, 1984) and Occupational aspiration Scale (Grewal,1975) and the Internet Addiction questionnaire (Kimberly Young, 1992) were taken and considered as independent variables and academic achievement of adolescents were considered as dependent variables in the present study. For assess the Academic Achievement marks secured by the students in their last consecutive examination of 10+2 were used. High scores on Educational aspiration and Occupational aspiration shows that adolescent were high aspirant toward their educational as well as occupational choices and vice-versa also Educational and Occupational aspiration has a positive and contributory effect on the Academic achievement of adolescents. Results also revealed that High scores on the Internet Addiction shows poor academic achievement of adolescents. The obtained data were analyzed with Mean, SDs, SEM, and mean difference were computed by computing t-test.

Page: 450-453

Sonali Walia, Atreyo Mondal, and P.R. Mondal (Department of Anthropology, University of Delhi, Delhi)

Women's reproductive health is a sensitive indicator of the health of a society. Reproductive health of women includes the menarche, age at marriage, still birth, abortions and mortality. Women's reproductive health has been the centre of attention in various conferences where stress is laid on population control, women empowerment, gender equality, mother and child health etc. The objective of this study is to evaluate the demographic profile of women (age, sex, occupation, & education). To perceive the reproductive profile (age at menarche, age at marriage ,still births, neonatal death, & mortality). A cross-sectional study was performed on women aged 15-55 years of Todapur-Dasghara. A data of 900 was collected using interview schedule. The results showed that the mean age at menarche is 13.99 years. It was observed that 59.7% of the women got married before 18 years of age. The median age at first marriage is 18.72 years. Abortions and Neonatal deaths reported were less. The crude death rate is 7.26.The infant mortality rate is 26.6 per 1000 live births. It may be concluded that every married women of Todapur-Dasghara is less educated with a lower mean age at marriage. Infant mortality is low but overall mortality is high.

Page: 459-463

Sarathi Hembram (Psychiatric Social Worker, Mental Health Institute, Center of Excellence
SCBMCH, Cuttack, Odisha) Manisha Kiran (Department of Psychiatric Social Work, Ranchi Institute of Neuropsychiatry and Allied Sciences, (RINPAS) Kanke, Ranchi, Jharkhand)

Negative stereotypes and stigmatizing attitudes against mentally ill persons have powerful historical roots in many cultures. The common perception of these persons, who are unable to defend their rights, is that they are dangerous, violent and unpredictable (Arboreda-Florez & Sartorius, 2008). The present study aimed to find out attitudes towards mental illness among tribal and non-tribal population: a comparative study paper presents a preliminary investigation regarding the public perceptions and attitudes about mental illness using an adapted version of the Opinions about Mental Illness Scale (Cohen & Struening, 1962). The participants were 200 (100 tribal participants with having mental ill patient & 100 non tribal participants with having mental ill patient) and the following five attitudinal dimensions were investigated: Authoritarianism (the opinion that people with a mental illness cannot be held accountable for their acts & they should be controlled by society), benevolence (an attitude that could be placed between tolerance & pity/compassion), mental hygiene ideology (the opinion that mental illness is similar to other illnesses & it should be treated adequately by specialists), social restrictiveness (the opinion that mentally ill persons should be restricted in some social domains), and interpersonal a etiology (the belief that the real cause of a mental illness are the problematic interpersonal relations). Majority of the participants were from rural, of whom 166 (83%) were male and 34 (17%) were female with regards to OMI scale the item, viz ., 'the law should a women to divorce her husband as soon as he has been confined in mental hospital with severe mental illness' both the groups tribal with patient 52% and 56% non tribal with patient were neutral (significant at 0.024, p<0.05). Overall no significant level of difference revealed among tribal with patient and non tribal with patient with regards to attitude towards mental illness. Knowledge of mental illness among the general public was quite poor and suggests the need for strong emphasis on public education to increase mental health literacy among general public to increase awareness and positive attitude of people towards mental illness.

Page: 471-474

P. N. Sandheep and G. S. Venumadhava (Department of Criminology and Forensic Science, Karnataka University, Dharwad, Karnataka)

Aim of this research study is to exhibits the present scenario of forensic hand writing analysis such as lack of knowledge regarding the forensic hand writing analysis in the criminal justice system including police force. Forensic document examination mainly concentrated on the analysis of disputed handwriting and signatures and comparison of disputed writing with standard writings. The criminal justice system is a system which provides justice to the person, who committed crimes. Objective of the hand writing analysis is the identification of the source of writing and its importance in particular offence, etc. The source of writing can be decided by the characteristics, which are available in the writing. In some cases the source of writing may leads to the identification of offender. Hence our criminal justice system should have the knowledge about the technology of forensic hand writing examination. As of this reason the evidence collecting authority whether it police or court should collect the proper and suitable standards. In this simple research study the examiner collect the number of files which have no proper standards available for the hand writing analysis and find the percentage of same. The percentage and result of the examination has been being discussed in detail in this research paper. As of this study we will get an alert for collecting the proper standards and importance of admitted standards on the forensic signature analysis and inevitability of possessing knowledge regarding the forensic hand writing examination in the criminal justice system.