IAHRW International Journal of Social Sciences Review

About this Journal

Editorial Board

Sample Paper

Submit your Article

Authors and Ethical Guidelines

Peer Review Policy

About this Journal

Editorial Board

Sample Paper

Submit your Article

Authors and Ethical Guidelines

Peer Review Policy


Importance of sports for building self-esteem of students Pages: 81-82 Dhirender Kaim and Meenakshi Yadav (D.P.E.S.S. University of Delhi, Delhi) Many parents enroll their children in sports to build their child's character and self-esteem. Self-esteem is the feeling of self-worth that determines how valuable and competent we feel. Sports experiences can positively affect self-esteem.Students experiences in sports can affect their self-esteem. Relationships with parents, coaches and teammates can all affect self-esteem. A positive self-esteem is key to psychological well-being. Students who have a positive self-esteem are better able to cope with wins and losses in life. These enhanced coping skills can translate into lifetime benefits such as: reduced anxiety, a more optimistic outlook on life, and fewer interpersonal problems, less chance of conforming to social pressure, a better body image, being less likely to engage in risky behaviors, such as drug use. Self-esteem can be enhanced by positive experiences in sports. Students self-esteem can be improved by being good at sports . Coaches, families and teammates can bolster an athlete's self-esteem by creating a supportive environment that celebrates the students skill development and includes positive social relationships. Ensuring that all students experience some form of success and acknowledging these successesgivingstudents responsibilities and leadership opportunities on the team. Some of the following strategies can be used for students: encourage them to focus on the team and their personal game highlight rather than on whether the team won or lost, help them experience the fun in playing sports such as being part of a team, making new friends, travelling to other communities, learning new skills and getting some physical activity! Sports can have a positive impact on studentself-esteem. Read more Get Access
Emotional intelligence: Can give you an edge Pages: 83-85 Harpreet Kaur (Department of Physical Education, University of Delhi, Delhi) Lalit Sharma (IGIPESS, University of Delhi, Delhi) The meaning of Emotional Intelligence continues to develop over the years. In 1997, Salovey and Mayer refined their definition as: “the ability to process emotional information, more specifically an ability to recognize the meanings of emotions and their relationships, as well as being able to reason and problem-solve on the basis of them. Emotional intelligence (EI) is the ability, capacity, skill; or, in the case of the trait EI model, a self-perceived ability to identify, assess, and controls the emotions of oneself, of others and of group. Substantial disagreement exists regarding the definition of EI, with respect to both terminology and operationalizations. The definitions are so varied, and the field is growing so rapidly, that researchers are constantly re-evaluating even their own definitions of the construct. Currently, there are three main models of EI, i.e. Ability EI model, mixed models of EI (usually subsumed under trait EI) and Trait EI model. The Components of Emotional Intelligence described by various psychologists are Self-Awareness, Self-Regulation, Motivation, Empathy and Social Skill. Emotional intelligence is made up of layers of emotional memory held within our mind and body. Our body and unconscious mind hold most of our 'intelligence'. The unconscious mind is an enormous storage place for learnt information about us and the world. We are conscious of some emotions and thoughts however there is a great deal of how we feel that is unconscious. That is why we often feel overwhelmed and do not know why and that is also why emotional intelligence is not as straight forward as it may seem. An important and perhaps unrecognized aspect of emotional intelligence is exactly this. Low emotional intelligence is the answer why! You may have even experienced frustrating low emotional intelligence within yourself. Have you wondered why even though you know the way you are reacting to your partner is sabotaging your relationship you continue to do it? Or have you experienced being at the end of your wits when you know you want to loose weight but you continue to eat the wrong foods or resist exercise? Again, it is low emotional intelligence that manifests from unconscious patterns that are at the base of these problems. Remember low emotional intelligence does not mean that you're not smart Low emotional intelligence simply means that the unconscious patterns learnt from childhood are sabotaging your freedom to choose thoughts, feelings and actions that increase your personal peace and happiness. Hence the importance or EI ca not be denied which includes, Knowing our own emotions, Managing your own emotions, Motivating ourselves, Recognizing and influencing others' emotions, Handling relationship, Emotional self-control, Motivation, Understanding others, Influencing, Communication, Leadership, Building bonds, Collaboration and cooperation, Team capabilities, Accurate self-assessment, Self-confidence, Achievement drive and Commitment. Hence it can be concluded that emotional intelligence will help to achieve the optimum utilization of the competencies and abilities to achieve success in every sphere of life. Read more Get Access
Contribution of sports in empowering women’s life Pages: 86-87 Dhirender Kaim and Meenakshi Yadav ( D.P.E.S.S. University of Delhi, Delhi) Women and girls continue to encounter inequalities and deprivations in their daily lives, which prevent them from contributing toward both the creation of more equitable societies and sustainable development within their communities and beyond. Sport and physical activity have not yet been used on a large scale as a strategy within women's movements. women face many barriers to participating in sports, which prevent women and girls from reaping the many benefits that can be gained from playing sports and engaging in physical activity. Promoting girls' and women's involvement in sports is an important tool in gender equality and women's empowerment and, more broadly, in development and social change. The present paper reviews contribution of sports in empowering women's life. Read more Get Access
Role of law in social change Pages: 88-91 Sushma (Department of Law, Panjab University Chandigarh ) Law is one of the forms of social science. Social science exists because of law. The society and the law are very closely related to each other. The social world changes every second. These changes occur because of the contrasting views in the minds of the indigenous people. We cannot expect laws that were constituted a decade before to be applicable in the current scenario. Therefore changes in law bring out the positivity and brighter side of social change and shun the negativity that is still incorporated in our societies, fulfilling the social needs of the people. Law is centered in different social institutions, socio-economic networks, social processes etc. These social factors influence the procedure of law. Law at the same time can also change norms in various ways. For example, the legal abolition of untouchability in India, has been one of the many attempts to change a long standing social norm but unfortunately it has not yet succeeded due to the lack of social support by the masses. The term 'social change' talks about the changes that take place in human interactions and inter-relations. It also describes the different changes that take place in various social institutions, social processes, social organizations etc., including the alterations in the structure and functions of the society. Read more Get Access
SEBI: A tool to safegaurd the investors’ interests Pages: 92-96 Pradeep Kumar (Advocate, District Courts, Sirsa, Haryana ) The year 1991 witnesses a big push being given to liberalization and reforms in Indian financial sector . For sometime thereafter, the volume of business in the primary and secondary securities markets increased significantly. As a part of the same reform process ,the globalization of the Indian financial system made it vulnerable to external shocks. The multi crores securities scam rocked the Indian Finance System in 1992.All these developments impressed on the authorities the need to have in place a vigilant regulatory body .It was felt that the then existing regulatory framework was fragmented ill coordinated and inadequate and that there was a need for an autonomous, statutory .integrated organization to ensure the smooth functioning of the Indian Finance System .The Securities And Exchange Board of India (SEBI) came into being in response to these requirements. Read more Get Access
Management and evaluation of health related physical fitness Pages: 97-100 Jasveer (Department of Physical Education, S.J.K. College, Kalanaur, Rohtak, Haryana) Dheeraj Sangwan (Department of Physical Education, Ahir College Rewari, Haryana) Dheeraj Sangwan (Department of Physical Education, Ahir College Rewari, Haryana) "Physical activity," "exercise," and "physical fitness" are terms that describe different concepts. However, they are often confused with one another, and the terms are sometimes used interchangeably. This paper proposes definitions to distinguish them. Physical activity is defined as any bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles that results in energy expenditure. The energy expenditure can be measured in kilocalories. Physical activity in daily life can be categorized into occupational, sports, conditioning, household, or other activities. Exercise is a subset of physical activity that is planned, structured, and repetitive and has as a final or an intermediate objective the improvement or maintenance of physical fitness. Physical fitness is a set of attributes that are either health- or skill-related. The degree to which people have these attributes can be measured with specific tests. These definitions are offered as an interpretational framework for comparing studies that relate physical activity, exercise, and physical fitness to health. "Cardiovascular fitness can be defined as the ability of the circulatory and respiratory systems to supply fuel in the form of nutrients and oxygen during sustained physical exercise." A desirable level of cardiovascular fitness is thought to be the most important component of health related fitness. This is because life depends on the ability of the heart, blood vessels and lunges to deliver nutrients and oxygen to the tissues and to remove wastes via the blood. As a result, exercise has three basic objectives: to enable the lungs to process more air with less effort; to strengthen the heart so that it can pump more blood with fewer strokes; and to increase the elasticity, resilience and internal diameter of the blood vessels so they can manage the grater workloads more efficiently. Cardiovascular fitness evaluations 1. 1 ½ mile running test, 2. The Bench Step Test. Health related fitness requires desirable levels of cardiovascular fitness, percentage body fat, flexibility and muscular strength and endurance. These help to prevent the incidence and severity of degenerative types of disease and increase work efficiency. Read more Get Access
Job stress and its management Pages: 101-103 Rooplal Malik (Department of Psychology, Pt. C.L.S . Govt. P.G. College Karnal ) Dalbir Singh Saini (District Social Welfare Officer, Hisar, Haryana) Stress is a normal psychological and physical reaction to the ever increasing demands of life. In looking at the causes of stress, remember that your brain comes hard-wired with an alarm system for your protection. When your brain perceives a threat, it signals your body to release a burst of hormones to fuel your capacity for a response. This has been labeled the "fight-or-flight" response. Once the threat is gone, your body is meant to return to a normal relaxed state. Unfortunately, the nonstop stress of modern life means that your alarm system rarely shuts off. That's why stress management is so important. Stress management gives you a range of tools to reset your alarm system. Without stress management, all too often your body is always on high alert. Over time, high levels of stress lead to serious health problems. Don't wait until stress has a negative impact on your health, relationships or quality of life. The present article reviews job stress, causes of stress, organizational stressors, occupational stress and its causes, and the coping strategies at individual and organizational level on how to control stress. Read more Get Access
Understanding Myers-Briggs type indicator (MBTI) in terms of ‘Jungian’ functions Pages: 104-110 Neha (HR Executive, Integreon Managed Solutions Pvt. Ltd.) Psychological-Type was the brain-child of Swiss psychiatrist, philosopher and humanist, Dr. Carl Jung, who uncovered these innate biases in his therapeutic work, a complete theory of which he published in his book Psychological Types, in 1921. It was the ingenuity of American mother-daughter team Katharine Briggs and Isabel Myers (1897-1980) that codified Jung's theory into a practical and usable format. Myers and Briggs developed the 4-letter code system we use today and although Jung had implicitly recognized the extraverted and introverted attitudes that mental processes could assume, their critical addition of the Judging/Perceiving dichotomy refined Jung's observations into a consistent and elegant system. Read more Get Access
Testing of weak form market efficiency: Empirical evidences from the Indian stock market Pages: 111-116 Chander Mukhy (Independent Scholar Commerce, Rohtak) Supriya Dhankar (Independent Scholar Commerce, Rohtak) The stock market efficiency describes how effectively investor expectations are translated in security prices. In other words, in a perfectly efficient market all securities are correctly priced. There are no under or over priced securities. In this research paper, an attempt has been made to examine the stock market efficiency in weak form by keeping the discussion a realistically logical and simple. The main purpose of this study is to make an analysis of monthly stock prices. The sample for this study consists of 152 companies of Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE's) has taken for best representation. To get the good conclusion of the study all companies are taken on random basis. Data related to ten years starting from the 1st January 1998 to 31st December 2007 is taken to make the study effective. It is examine with the help of non parametric test-Runs test. The results of runs test suggest that, in general, successive price changing appear random in the most of the stocks and suggests the existence of no pattern in aggregate monthly price movements. Read more Get Access
Importance of knowledge management in the 21st century knowledge-based economies Pages: 117-122 Neha (HR Executive, Integreon Managed Solutions Pvt. Ltd.) To survive, compete and grow in the world of heightened competition in the 21st century, knowledge has emerged as most critical competence for any business. Knowledge based economy is the new economy with new rules and new ways of doing business. Knowledge has become the most crucial resource and how an organization manages its knowledge resource, makes all the strategic difference in an economy where the only certainty is uncertainty and the one core source of lasting competitive advantage is knowledge. Successful companies in the 21st century shall be those that consistently create new knowledge, disseminate it widely throughout the organization and quickly embody it in new technologies and products. Read more Get Access
A comparative study of adjustment between physical education students and other students of Kurukshetra University, Haryana Pages: 123-124 Narender (Independent Scholar, Physical Education, Hisar, Haryana) The present study attempts to examine adjustment level of physical education and other students of Kurukshetra university students. The sample was comprised of 292 students (164 physical education and 128 other students) from Kurukshsetra University, Haryana. The Adjustment Inventory by Dr. A.K.P. Sinha and Dr. R.P. Singh was used to adjustment level of the students. T-test was used to analyze the results. The obtained results indicated that there was no significant difference in the level of physical education students and other students of the universities. The results are discussed with previous studies. Read more Get Access
Perceived stress of employees across the different designation and different industrial categories Pages: 125-128 Supriya Dhankar (Independent Scholar, Commerce, Rohtak) Neelam (Department of Psychologist, BPS Govt. Medical College, Khanpur Kalan, Sonepat) Chander Mukhi (Independent Scholar, Commerce) Sanjeet Kumari (Independent Scholar, Commerce) Present study is an attempt to study the perceived stress of employees across the different designation and different industrial categories among the 204 employees of different cadre working in different private and public sector organization of Haryana state. The detailed questionnaire was used to collect data. Statistical methods like Mean, Standard Deviation,'t' test and ANOVA were used to analyzed the data. The result revealed that there is no significant difference on the different stress factors influencing employees between the different levels. It was also found that there is no significant difference on the different stress factors influencing employees between the different industries. However, null hypothesis is rejected in case of demand role and change indicating that significance difference exists in stress factors influencing employees between the different industrial categories. So the second null hypothesis is rejected on all dimensions except demand role and change dimensions. Read more Get Access
Comparative study of physical fitness of Volleyball and Basketball players of Hisar district Pages: 129-133 Narender (Independent Scholar, Physical Education, Hisar, Haryana) The present study examined speed ability, strength ability, endurance of physical fitness and flexibility of physical fitness among volleyball and basketball game players of Hisar, Haryana. The study was comprised of 50 sports persons of District Hisar, who had participated at least District Level Tournaments of Volleyball and Basketball games. The subjects were in the age group of 15-19 years. Out of total sample of 50 players, 25 were volleyball and 25 were of basketball game. T-test was used to analyze the results. The findings indicated that there was a significant difference in speed, strength, endurance and flexibility component in volleyball and basketball players. Read more Get Access
Population growth and urban sprawl: A case study in Haryana, India using Geospatial technology Pages: 134-137 Sandeep Kumar (Department of Geography, M. D. University, Rohtak, Haryana) Manju Sharma (Department of Geography, D.N.P.G. College, Hisar, Haryana) Urbanization is unavoidable phenomena in World. In India, 31.16 percent population lives in urban areas, as per 2011 Census. Rapid urbanization within rapid population growth through economic development causes unsystematic and unplanned growth of cities in developing countries. Rapid population growth, which is mainly due to the migration, in cities creates many problems to human being. Sonipat city is no exception in this view because of its prime setting on N.H.1 and its easy accessibility and connectivity to both National Capital of Delhi and Union Territory of Chandigarh. The pressure of a rapidly growing urban population in the city has a direct impact on the surrounding rural agricultural land. Sprawl is based on satellite imagery of Google Earth (2002 and 2011), Toposheet 1968 and town directory map, Haryana (1981 and 1991) obtained from census of India. Census data have been used to analyses the latest scenario of population growth and urban sprawl at different time periods. The paper also reveals the potential of Geospatial Technology to analyze the direction of urban growth and their consequences in surrounding rural area. Read more Get Access
Regional inequalities in condition of women and child health in India Pages: 138-140 Dinesh Kumar (Independent Scholar, Geography, Ch. Dadri, Haryana) Pawan Kumar (Department of Geography, Jawaharlal Nehru University, Delhi) Sandeep Kumar (Department of Geography, MD University, Rohtak, Haryana) The large scale regional inequalities persist in women status India, few states are having quite respectable status of the women, rest are having very pathetic and miserable situation. The status of women and child health is very deprived in the India even less than few developed countries. India basically lacking in the Health infrastructure and trained man powers both More than 80 percent of pregnant women are suffering from anaemia which is the mother of the all women and child health problems. Despite of large welfare and equity policies a large scale regional disparities still persist at state level in case of both women and children. Human resource development of the country will be one of the important thrust and priority area of the government with having universal coverage and equal access. Read more Get Access
Study of homework stress among secondary school students Pages: 141-144 Subhash Chander, A.P. (MHD College of Education for Women, Odhan, Sirsa, Haryana) The present investigation was conducted to get insight into homework stress among secondary school students. The study was carried out in Sirsa district on a sample of 50 boys and 50 girl students. To collect the data a questionnaire was developed by the investigator. For analysis of the data only percentages were calculated and interpreted. The findings revealed that they may become imbalanced, inferior, feel fear, remains out of class, angry and tired due to huge quantity of homework. Read more Get Access
Yoga and mental health Pages: 145-148 Neelam Rathee (Department of Psychology, P. G. Govt. College for Girls, Chandigarh) Yoga, an assemblage of ancient spiritual practices, originated in India. Yoga empowers the body and the mind. Asanas (postures), Pranayamas (breathing exercises) and Dhyana (meditation) of Hatha Yoga offer relaxation techniques which promote good mental health. Practice of yoga helps to alleviate depression and anxiety. Yoga is a wholesome technique for self empowerment and growth. Practice of yoga helps us to deal with day to day stressors and in the management of negative emotions. Yoga is a way of life. Lifestyle intervention through yoga helps in developing a positive attitude and harmony within the individual. Read more Get Access
Factors affecting academic stress among school students Pages: 149-151 Sangeeta Saini (GSSS, Gangwa, Hisar, Haryana) Dalbir Singh Saini (District Social Welfare Officer, Hisar, Haryana) Academic stressors include the student's perception of the extensive knowledge base required and the perception of an inadequate time to develop it (Carveth et al, 1996). Students report experiencing academic stress at predictable times each semester with the greatest sources of academic stress resulting from taking and studying for exams, grade competition, and the large amount of content to master in a small amount of time (Abouserie, 1994). When stress is perceived negatively or becomes excessive, students experience physical and psychological impairment. The present paper review factor affecting academic stress among school students. Read more Get Access
Urban sprawl: A case study of Karnal city, Haryana, India Pages: 152-154 Mala Sharma (Department of Geography, G.C.W. Rohtak) Manju Sharma (Department of Geography, D.N. P. G. College, Hisar) Urban sprawl of Karnal city within the last 39 years is observed in the present study which based on satellite imagery of LANDSAT TM (1972 and 1989) and LANDSAT ETM+ (2000), guipe map of the karnal city(1983) and toposheet at a scale of 1:50000. Census data have been incorporated to analyses the population growth and urban sprawl at different time periods. A number of factors are responsible for the specific development and sprawl such as transport network, industries, educational institutions and good living conditions etc. Read more Get Access
Pattern of state government expenditure on economic sector in Haryana Pages: 155-157 Rekha Sharma (Department of Geography, D.N College, Hisar) Jitendra Kumar (Department of Geography, K.L.P College, Rewari) Present study highlights the pattern of state government expenditure on economic sector in Haryana (1990-91 to 2009-10). Economic sector comprises the sub-sectors like the agriculture and allied services, irrigation and Flood Control, rural development, energy, transport and communications, industry and minerals, science, technology and environment and general economic services as essential for the economic development of the state. The government plays a very significant role in the development of the economic sector as the most economic sector services fall in the category, which depends on the funds provided through the centrally sponsored schemes. The paper examines the economic sector expenditure of Haryana and its components. The study reveals that through the time share of economic sector expenditure decreases as the social infrastructure demand increases with the pace of time to satisfy the need of the people. In the economic sector, the share of revenue expenditure increases whereas the capital expenditure decreases in Haryana. The share of economic sector to development sector expenditure decreases whereas the plan economic sector expenditure increases from 1990-91 to 2009-10. Energy has captured major share in the economic sector expenditure. With the limited resource allocations of resources from the central government Haryana was incurred with more financial burden. For the further increase in the economic expenditure, it may be suggested that the resources from the central government should be allocated according to the needs of the state. All other sub-sector should also get equal importance apart from the energy as they are the wheels on which the development of the state can drive. Read more Get Access
Socio-economic disparities and rural settlement: A case study in Hassangarh village (Haryana) Pages: 158-159 Rajesh (PGT Geography, Hisar, Haryana) The present paper examines the extent of disparities in social and economic condition by social group in the village Hassangarh (Haryana). Disparity on the basis of caste has been common in social economic and political spheres as well as settlement for generation. The present paper is largely based on household level primary data. The level of literacy analysed considering the importance of education as a strong agent of socio-economic development. In the village about 69.2% population is literate. The gender disparity index for the village as a whole is 0.19. The backward castes are observed in below matric level of education. Children (below 15 years) comprise more than 18.9 percent of total population in the village. Among the caste group, higher castes have recorded highest proportion of children i.e. 25.0 percent. The sex ratio in the village is about 97.2. The work participation rate in the village is about 37.42 percent. The average per capita monthly expenditure in the village is Rs. 972. Read more Get Access
Television news media vs. online news media Pages: 160-163 Rajneesh Ahlawat (Department of Bus. Admn., Chaudhary Devi Lal University, Sirsa) Television plays a major role in the flow of information and is equipped with the power to influence people, their beliefs and their opinions. Being a visual medium, its impact transcends the social and educational background of its viewers; more so, in a diverse country like India, where television dominates the Media & Entertainment landscape as the preferred choice of entertainment. The television industry continues to have headroom for further growth as television penetration in India is still at approximately 60% of the total households. Cable and Satellite (C&S) penetration of television households is close to 80%, with DTH driving a significant part of the growth in the last few years. Read more Get Access
Traumatic consequences of child abuse Pages: 164-170 Bhagat Singh and Anita Moral (Department of Psychology, Sri Varshney (PG) College, Aligarh, U.P.) Child abuse is a state in which a child (below the age of 18 years) is maltreated physically, emotionally, sexually and economically. These various types of child abuse lead a child in many long term traumatic stages. Children may face trauma that threatens their integrity, safety, level of confidence, self-esteem, social life and so forth. The effects of trauma are broad, encompassing fear, anger, sadness and humiliation. It is a globally prevalent phenomenon. The women and child development ministry-survey revealed that 53.22% of children reported having faced one or more forms of sexual abuse. It was also found that over 50% children were subjected to one or the other form of physical abuse and every second child reported of facing emotional abuse. In 83% of the cases parents were the abusers. In a number of joint studies conducted by UNICEF and the Ministry of Labour, 75% of the children reported treatment by staff as bad and 91.7% reported provisions of necessities as bad. In Mumbai 75.4 % reported bad treatment by staff and 53.2 reported that provisions were poor. One million children are trafficked into prostitution, in Asia every year; child abuse affects children in a number of ways, such as higher rates of psychiatric and psychological disorders as PTSD, depression, suicidal tendency, antisocial behaviour and so forth. Though there are certain acts as 'National Policy on Children, 1974'; 'Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2000 and recently government passed 'The Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act, 2012', but due to lack of awareness and proper implementation in these acts, cases of child abuse are increasing day by day. So the gravity of the situation demands that the issue of child abuse be placed on the national agenda. Read more Get Access
Consolidation and corporatization of Indian media: Opportunities and challenges Pages: 171-177 Rajneesh Ahlawat (Department of Bus. Admn., Chaudhary Devi Lal University, Sirsa) The Indian media market differs from those of developed countries in several ways. India is a developing country and all segments of the media industry (including print and radio) are still growing unlike in many developed countries. The media market in India remains highly fragmented, due to the large number of languages and the sheer size of the country. The television broadcasting industry has over the last two decades, become particularly fragmented, with low entry barriers and high carriage fees and the top two or three channels obtaining a disproportionately high share of total advertising expenditure. The uniqueness of India's Mediascape suggests that while restrictions may be desirable, the safeguards deemed appropriate may not precisely be those that apply in other countries. Read more Get Access
How to automate libraries Pages: 178-180 S. S. Joshi (Deputy Librarian, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, Haryana) With the advancement in technology requirement of the services of the libraries have been changed. User wants instant information instead of searching information here and there in the library. The thrust of the user can only be satisfied if library is fully computerized. Government through university grant commission is providing financial assistance to automate the libraries. The paper discuss step vise step, the procedure to automate the libraries so that the efficiency of the libraries may be increased and informational thrust of the user be satisfied. Read more Get Access

1...109110111

Reviewer’s Pannel (2025-2026)

Sumit Here

Author Guidelines

About the Journal

Manuscript Submission

Manuscript Preparation

Title Page

Abstract

Keywords

Main Text

References

Tables and Figures

Funding Statement

Conflict of Interest

Author Contributions

Data Availability Statement

Use of AI Tools

Copyright and Permissions

Ethical Guidelines

Publication Ethics

Originality and Plagiarism

Multiple Submission

Authorship

Research Involving Human Participants

Confidentiality and Privacy

Data Integrity

Research Misconduct

Corrections and Retractions

AI and Generative AI

Compliance with COPE

AI-Generated Content Policy

Retraction and Correction Policy

Appeal

Conflict of Interest Policy

Reviewer Confidentiality

Conflict of Interest

Appeals and Complaints

Editorial Independence

Commitment to Ethical Publishing