Pages: 309-312
सुभाष चन्द्र ( मिगनी खेड़ा, हिसार, हरियाणा)

भारत का विभाजन दुखदायी घटनाओं में से एक थी जिसने देश के दो राज्यों पंजाब और बंगाल का विभाजन भी कर दिया। इसके परिणामस्वरूप पंजाब के लोगों को विस्थापन की कष्टपूर्ण एवं दुर्भाग्यपूर्ण परिस्थितियों से गुजरना पड़ा। विभाजन जहां एक समस्या का समाधान था, वहीं दूसरी और सजा के रूप में सामने आया, जिसका सामना विभाजन और विस्थापन के दौरान लोगों को करना पड़ा। अध्ययन क्षेत्र में उन समस्याओं पर प्रकाश डाला गया है जो सामाजिक-आर्थिक रूप से विस्थापन के दौरान लोगों के सामने थी। पंजाब विभाजन और विस्थापन के प्रमुख कारण धार्मिक उन्माद ने वहां ग्रामीण और शहरी स्तर पर वृहत जन-धन-हानि की, वही इसने लोगों में असुरक्षा की भावना को बढ़ाया क्योंकि इस दौरान यातायात का कोई भी साधन सुरक्षित नहीं था। असुरक्षा की भावना ने पक्षपात और अमानवीय व्यवहार को बढ़ाया। अफवाह तथा साधनों का अभाव इस समय एक और बड़ी समस्या बन गई थी। इसके साथ-साथ विस्थापन के समय राशन और भोजन की बड़ी समस्या थी। शिक्षा के लिए कोई ठोस कदम नही उठाए गए। रेलवे स्टेशनों और कैम्पों में गन्दगी और सफाई की समस्या थी। अफवाहों की वजह से लोगों को अपना व्यापार, स्थान व सम्पति को एक स्थान से दूसरे स्थान पर बदलना एक बड़ी समस्या थी। इसके अलावा लोगों के सामाजिक ढांचे में मूलभुत बदलाव आये, कीमतों में उतार-चढ़ाव व उद्योगों का विनाश, व्यवसाय में भिन्नता आना तथा हिन्दु मुस्लिम और सिक्खों द्वारा छोड़ी गई भूमि के बीच के अन्तर को समाप्त करना भी बड़ी समस्या थी। इन्हीं समस्याओं को सामाजिक आर्थिक सन्दर्भ में समझना इस अध्यापन का प्रमुख उद्देश्य है।

Pages: 310-313
Sumandeep Brar (Singhania University, Pacheri Bari, Rajasthan)
Agyajit Singh (Department of Psychology, Punjabi University, Patiala)

The purpose of the present study was to measure the attitude towards crime and the personality traits of female criminals. It was also the aim to know the relationship between attitude towards crime and personality traits of the female prisoners. The hypothesis was there would be no relationship between attitude towards crime and personality traits of the female prisons. For it, 200 female prisons from Patiala and Ludhiana women jails were administered two inventories, i.e.; Attitude Scale towards Crime (Self standardized) and Neuroticism and Introversion-Extraversion Inventory by I.S. Muhar, Prabha Bhatia and Geeta Kapoor. The results of the study show that: (i) most of the female prisoners have the tendency towards crime; as they have the positive attitude towards crime, (ii) majority of the female prisoners were found to be neurotic (N = 150) and most of them were extroverted (N = 186), (iii) there was a significant relationship between attitude towards crime and neuroticism; but not with introversion-extroversion trait of personality of the female prisoners.

Pages: 327-330
Nalini Malhotra and Jasleen kaur (Department of Psychology, Punjabi University, Patiala)

Delinquent behavior as socially unacceptable behavior demonstrated by adolescents is a long standing subject of public concern. Media influence upon adolescents has generally been assumed to significant, with powerful and long lasting consequences. The influence of Mass media is a combative issue, when it comes to juvenile behavior. The present study aimed at exploring the relationship between media values (Pro-social and antisocial) and delinquent behavior. Jessness inventory and Media socialisation questionnaire were administered to a sample of 120 juvenile delinquents from observation homes. The obtained data were subjected to Pearson's product moment correlation. The result revealed that Pro-social media values were found to be negatively and significantly correlated, however, the antisocial media values were positively correlated with delinquent behavior in a significant manner. Future implications for the present study were also discussed.

Pages: 336-339
Damanjit Sandhu and Damanjeet Kaur (Department of Psychology, Punjabi University Patiala)

The primary purpose of this study was to examine the gender differences in adolescent identity formation across the four identity statuses (identity achievement, moratorium, foreclosure and diffusion). The participants were comprised of 200 girls and 200 boys of age ranging between 15-17 years from the urban schools of Patiala. The study was conducted using the Extended Objective Measure of Ego Identity Status-2 (EOMEIS-2) by Bennion and Adams, 1986. The t-test analysis conducted between both the genders and the four identity statuses revealed significant gender differences across all the four identity statuses. Also, the mean scores illustrated that girls were high on identity achievement and foreclosure as compared to boys and the boys were high on identity diffusion and moratorium in comparison to girls. The study contributed to Indian literature in adolescent identity formation by exploring four statuses and gender differences in adolescents which helped in throwing light on the current scenario of Punjab.

Pages: 346-351
Abdul Azeez. E.P (Department of Social Work, School of Social Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, Rajasthan)

Social Capital is the most crucial asset which significantly enthralls the efficacy and resilience of any community. Social capital is a dependent variable and it depends up on the competence and coherence of the individuals in the community and mode of social relationships, trust and networks they maintain. It's one of the most sustainable social resources that originate from human relations and have end on the mutual support of people. Utilization of Social capital has a wide applicability in the process of social inclusion, especially in dealing with the vulnerable and disadvantaged sections in the community itself. Voluntary organizations are very keen to make utilize the social capital for community/social services and community development in a sustainable manner. Community based deinstitutionalized Palliative Care is one of the foremost among such organizations that made social capital in a strategic way for social inclusion and community well being. This paper analyses the extend which different elements of social capital helps in initiating the sustainable community based palliative care movement by assessing the unique intervention strategies carried out by the palliative cares. This paper explores conceptual questions of how social capital and voluntary community based services are correlated. A case study method was adopted for the study in which ten palliative care units were analyzed in relation with the role of social capital in the palliative care movement. The results show that a number of social capital elements are playing a vital role in the sustainability of community palliative care movement in Kerala.

Pages: 357-359
Vijay Viegas (AbbéFaria P. G. Department of Psychology, St. Xaviers College, Mapusa, Goa)
Shanmukh V. Kamble (Department of P.G. Studies and Research in Psychology, Karnatak University, Dharwad)

The present study titled 'Self-efficacy and Psychological Skill Usage among Professional Sports players in Goa' was intended to study the relationship betweenself-efficacy and psychological skill usage among professional sports players and to understand whether the age of professional sports players influences their self-efficacy and psychological skill usage. The objectives of the study were; to investigate whether self-efficacy of professional sport players is significantly and positively related to their psychological skill usage;to investigate whether there exists significant difference in self-efficacyand psychological skill usage with regard to age. The study was conducted on a sample of 237 professional sports players (between the agegroup of 15-45 years). The tools used for data collection comprised of the Mindfulness-based Self-Efficacy Scale - Revised (MSES-R) by Bruno A. Cayoun., (2012)and Test of Performance Stratégies (TOPS) by Thomas et al. (1999). The tools used for statistical analysis were Karl Pearson's Product Moment Correlation and ANOVA (One Way Analysis of Variance).The findings of the study revealed significant positive correlation between self-efficacy and psychological skill usage, significant age differences were also found in the levels of self-efficacy and psychological skill usage among professional sports players.

Pages: 318-322
H. L. Kaila (Retired Professor, SNDT Womens University, Mumbai)
Kshipra Vora (Abbé Faria P.G. Department of Psychology, St. Xaviers College, Mapusa, Goa)

Parenting style is considered to be an important determinant of several aspects of children's outcomes and the current research aims to study the impact of phases of adolescence on perceived parenting. Convenient sampling procedure was employed to obtain a total sample of 450 adolescents (225 males and 225 females) from the north and south districts of Goa, who were administered a personal data sheet, Parenting Scale by R. L. Bharadwaj, H. Sharma, and A. Garg, Mental Health Battery by A. K. Singh & Alpana Sengupta and Rao's Social Maturity Scale by Nalini Rao. The data obtained was statistically analyzed using one way analysis of variance and post hoc anova to arrive at statistical conclusions. Results revealed significant differences as a function of phases of adolescence on overall perceived parenting and in dimensions of rejection v/s acceptance, carelessness v/s protection, and lenient standards v/s moralism and freedom v/s discipline. Urgent and need based implications for parenting and adolescent are hence arrived at.

Pages: 374-377
Kirandeep Kaur, Shubhdip Kaur and Damanjit Sandhu (Department of Psychology, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab)

Cyber bullying is an aggressive act or behaviour that is carried out using electronic means by a group or an individual repeatedly over time against a victim who cannot easily defend himself or herself. The present investigation focused upon gauging the impact of cyber bullying on adolescent's (within the age range of 13 to 16 years) mental health and over all wellbeing. The study also aimed to explore gender differences in cyber bullying victimization. At first the subjects were screened for possible cyber bullying victimization. Later focus group discussions were conducted with adolescents having the experiences of cyber victimization. The results showed that cyber bullying tends to have detrimental effects on the physical, mental, emotional and social health of adolescent pupils, and it has far reaching negative impact on their overall wellbeing. Further, both boys and girls may have equal chances of being targeted by the cyber bullies.

Pages: 384-387
Savita Rathour and Tejpreet K. Kang (Department of Human Development, College of Home Science, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana)

Values refer to wider notion of collective identity: religious values, attitudes towards materialism, moral beliefs and a sense of collective awareness and are a broader and more encompassing concept. Values are ideas, opinions and attitudes about the core content of human civilization and socialization. Under the influence of globalization, openness, information coming from the media and contact with other cultures, traditional values are changing. The globalization processes also affect local communities with their traditional values. These changes are creating confusion and disbelief, especially in the minds of the younger generation. The current state of globalization, modernization, political and cultural diversity is causing imbalance in the proportion of the common concept of values. This study presents the sociological analysis of the changing value system and its effects on society, especially on the youth. The main objectives were to explore the major value changes and its implications on the society due to rapid development of globalization along with other change agents. Changes were reflected in the existing value system through the process of globalization, modernization and media communication. Besides this young people are particularly vulnerable to this change due to many reasons such as freedom of choice, growing materialism, blind imitation to western culture and changing family structure.

Pages: 392-396
Nabhit Kapur (Peacful Mind Clinic and Training Center, New Delhi)
Rishi Beriwala (Assistant Graphologist, Peacful Mind Clinic and Training Center, New Delhi)

Graphology is the study of handwriting. It is a theory or practice for inferring a person's character, disposition, and attitudes from their handwriting and graphology is generally considered pseudoscience .The term is sometimes incorrectly used to refer to forensic document examination. Elaine Quigley, a leading expert graphologist, and chair of the British Institute of Graphologists, describes graphology as 'brain writing' - the handwriting comes directly from the writer in a uniquely personal and individual way, irrespective of how the person has been taught to write: an expert graphologist understands the styles of the different countries and languages and makes allowances for 'taught' influences. Also largely irrelevant to the actual analysis is the content of the written text.

Pages: 401-408
Pooja Soni (Chemical Engineering student, MVJCE, Bangalore, Karnataka)

The foundation of human development is attributed to the development of the mind of the individual. The beginning of the development of the human mind starts with the five senses namely, the eyes, ears, nose, tongue and skin, seeing, hearing, smelling, tasting and feeling the touch for the first time. For instance, in the case of the eyes, the picture of a seen object is recognized by the name of the object, only after the seen object is given a name. Naming of an object takes place as part of the task performance of the task with purpose 'see'. The same applies for all the senses. When there exists a difference between two performances of a task, the second part of the mind marks the difference between the two performances by evaluating the two performances based on efficiencies achieved. When a part of a single task obtains repeated instants of performance of a sequence of task performances over a period of a particular time interval, such part of a task is performed by the third part of the mind. Such a group of task performances is a named emotion. The functioning of the human mind takes place by performance of increased number of tasks by first part and the third part, with appropriate evaluation of performances by second part of the mind. Strengths generally refer to a group of tasks performed with increased efficiency, both in first part and third part separately/collectively.

Pages: 364-370
Aakash Deep Sharma (Post Graduate Government College for Girls Police Administration, Panjab University, Chandigarh)
Anu (Department of Social Work, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra)

Every social grouping in the world has unambiguous traditional cultural practices, some of which are favourable to all members, while others are harmful to a particular group. Harmful traditional practices affect girls more than boys. Some of these include: domestic violence, early and forced marriages, son preference, the dowry system, killings in the name of honour, are overlook as being part of the natural order of things. Throughout much of India, these practices are common despite of these practices have serious consequences for the girl's physical, emotional, and psychological development and their violation of international human rights laws, such practices persist because they are not questioned and take on an aura of morality in the eyes of those practising them. Case study approach was used on three adolescent girls from marginalized families of Punjab who escaped from their houses because of harmful traditional practices at home, hampering girl's freedom, wisdom and human rights. Rapport building was done, interviews were held with the subjects and meeting at which information about subject was gathered by researchers from Social Welfare Organization staff. A meeting was arranged at which information about subject was gathered from organization staff, social worker, which also included observations of subjects for two weeks during different activity classes. The conclusions drawn were preference for the male child, often with concomitant daughter neglect. It may mean that all female children is disadvantaged from birth. Forced marriage and engagement, inadequate health care, domestic violence, denial of education were common reasons in all the three cases to escape from the house and later living in NGO shelter house facility for better life and empowerment with due permission of legal court and local authorities .NGO acted as a major buffer; they could not afford it otherwise. A huge onus lied on the scope for improving home environment of such adolescent girls and working to hasten the eradication of harmful traditional practices which violate the basic human rights of girls.

Pages: 422-424
Thokchom Bidyalakshmi (AIMS Hr. Sec. School, Imphal)
Thokchom Lakshmibai (Lilong Haoreibi College, Manipur)

The entire change and development of the civilization is surely the result of industrialization which was made possible by none other but the women entrepreneur. Increasing educational facilities for education and training, industrialization, new economic policy, availability of financial sources, training facilities etc.,encouraging women to enter into entrepreneurial activity. Women take up entrepreneurship not only for the economic independence but also to gain freedom from subordination in the family, to apply their creativity, earn additional income, flexibility of working hours etc. Coming to Manipur, though there is no popular industries in Manipur, women of this state have played an important part in the production process by working in cottage and small scale industries like handlooms and handicrafts. The handloom industry of Manipur has distinguished from other places because it was exclusively in the hands of women from the time immemorial till today. It taught them the vital art of entrepreneurship. In this regard, the Manipur state Government has been giving increasing emphasis on creating an awareness about women entrepreneurship by giving entrepreneurship training programmes on a quarterly basis through small scale industries for the economic growth of the state, to solve the unemployment among the educated youths and also to remain sustain the traditional crafts of the state.