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Page: 63-68
Suresh Kumar Bhaker (Haryana School of Business, GJUS&T, Hisar, Haryana)
Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) have rich history of social service of the underprivileged people since ancient period. The Non-Governmental Organizations have defined and classified by scholars in various terms. The relationship with Government has changed over a period of time. After the amendment of Company Act in 2013, the NGOs are leading towards Corporate Sector and helping them for fulfilling their Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). The Corporate Social Responsibility is a new phenomenon in India. This is a review paper based on secondary data. The paper highlights the changing role of NGOs from ancient times to new partnership with corporate Sector in CSR activities. |
Page: 69-71
Sajjan Kumar (Department of Psychology, Govt. College for Women Lakhanmajra, Rohtak, Haryana)
Acts of aggression and violence are becoming all-pervasive in today's society. Violent video games, eve teasing, harassment, intimidation, robberies, and murders have become a regular feature of one's life today. What is shocking is that most of the violence/crime occurring these days is largely committed by adolescents and young adults. They are becoming increasingly aggressive, sensation seekers with poor impulse control. On the spur of acting out instantly, they tend to engage in many antisocial behaviors and activities, which further harms their future life. Drug abuse, risky driving, smoking, dating violence, dropping out of school, college, etc. are some of the major problems among adolescents, which have their roots in aggression. The present paper outlines various forms of adolescent aggression. |
Page: 72-74
Surender Kumar (Department of Psychology, Govt College, Hisar, Haryana)
Parenting and child rearing had been one of the most important functions and occupations of adults till the middle of the twentieth century. There exist several altered family forms such as the single-parent family, one biological and one step-parent family, foster family, and so on. Research has shown that children living in these alternative families are at a greater risk of maladaptation and development of the disorder. With the emancipation of women, industrialization, urbanization, and increasing demands from women for work outside the home, parents are spending less and less time on parenting functions. Children are looked after in other settings such as crèches, nurseries, day schools, and by other adults like relatives, friends, neighbors, servants, and older siblings, and at times are even left alone. With little time at their disposal, parents now do not have much control over the varied environmental influences that impinge on the psyche of the child. Keeping this in mind, the present paper reviews on the role of the family in child and adolescent development. |
Page: 75-76
Dhyuti Sachdev (SPM College, University of Delhi, Delhi)
Old people are the backbone of our society whose satisfaction with life at this phase appears to be the prime concern of psychologists. Keeping these notions, the present study is an attempt to explore the role of hearing potential towards satisfaction with life among geriatrics. A multigroup design was used. A purposive sample of 300 elderly, both male and female, aged 60 years and onwards, divided in to five groups (60 each) with various levels of hearing impairment was drawn from various private ENT clinics and residence from Delhi, India. Audiometer was used to assess their level of hearing impairment and standardized tool was used to measure their level of satisfaction with life. Descriptive statistics and one way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post hoc tests were computed. Results indicated that mild hearing loss has no adverse effect on life satisfaction of elderly, whereas adverse effect was visible from moderate level of impaired hearing which increased with the increase in the level of hearing loss, thereby indicating the importance of hearing in elderly's life. |
Page: 77-80
Rajesh Sachdev (Department of Statistics, Ram Lal Anand College, University of Delhi, New Delhi) Ritu Kaushik and Punam Midha (Department of Psychology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana)
There is an innate desire among human beings to grow and flourish in life. Everybody aspires to lead a more fulfilling life. Now-a-days individuals especially youth simply aspire to flourish which may be caused by so many extrinsic and intrinsic factors. Quality of life(QoL) appears to be the prime intrinsic factor for determining their flourished life. With these speculations the current research is an attempt to explore QoL as a precursor of flourishing among youth. A purposive sample of 300 youth both male and female, postgraduates, within the age range of 21-25 years was selected from various departments of M.D. University, Rohtak (Haryana, India). Standardized tools were used to assess their QoL and flourishing. Descriptive statistics, correlational and regression analyses were computed to measure the levels of overall and health related QoL (overall & its various domains )and flourishing and find out the relationship as well as predicting power of various domains of health related QoL with respect to flourishing. The findings revealed the high level of flourishing along with the best social health related QoL followed by psychological, physical and environmental health related QoL. Correlational analysis indicated the maximum high level of relationship of psychological health related QoL followed by physical, environmental and social health related QoL with flourishing. Regression analysis revealed psychological health related QoL emerged as the robust predictor followed by physical and social health related QoL as predictors (though weak) of flourishing among youth. The current findings highlighted that psycho-biosocial health related QoL served as the major resource of flourishing among Indian youth. |
Page: 81-85
Nitika Rani (Department of English, Government College, Hisar, Haryana)
The authoritative manly convictions have influenced women to endure a great deal as they were denied to meet open doors in various parts of the world. Women' instruction in modern India has additionally been a noteworthy discussion for both the administration and the common society as taught women can assume a very momentous job in the advancement of the nation. The ascent of women's activists' contemplations has, in any case, prompted the enormous enhancement in the women' condition all through the world in present day times. Access to training has been a standout amongst the direst requests of these women' rights developments. The women instruction not just aides the advancement of half of the population, yet in addition enhances the quality of life at home and outside. Taught women can have the ability to advance the instruction of their young woman kids and to give a guided direction to self and society. |
Page: 320-328
L.S. Aaseesh, Neha Sayeed, and C.R.J. Khess (Department of Clinical Psychology, Central Institute of Psychiatry, Ranchi, Jharkhand)
Empirical studies have shown that, chronic alcohol dependence is a constant relapsing medical condition besides its psychological and social consequences, and essentially a brain disorder. It's a chronic disorder, which implies cognitive impairments disturbing various neuro-psychological functions. Researches confirm that people with chronic alcohol dependence have a high rate of cognitive impairments, especially deficits in executive functions. Many innovative computer-based interventions for psychiatric disorders have been developed especially for cognitive remediation. In recent times much interest has been focused on using Posit Science Brain training exercises which is based on the theory of neuroplasticity for enhancement of executive functions. This method emphasizes generalization or extension of benefits beyond the trained task. The global changes in cognitive functions are to improve the quality of life. The current study examined this novel computerized intervention to determine its effect on executive functions of patients with chronic alcohol dependence. After the detoxification phase, patients were assigned to cognitive training group (experimental group) and in treatment as usual group (control group). The pre- post evaluation results were also noted. The statistical analysis of this study indicated significant improvement in cognitive functioning and all domains of quality of life. No significant difference was found for the control group. |
Page: 329-332
Sanjay Nawale (Department of Psychology, Arts and Commerce College, Belapur, Ahmednagar, Maharashtra) V. R. Shinde (Department of Psychology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra) Shivanand Thorat (Department of Psychology, Symbiosis College of Arts and Commerce, Pune, Department of Psychology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Arts, Commerce and Science College, Akurdi, Pune, Maharashtra)
Performance of any organization is determined by quality of the human resource, which plays the vital role in using the available resources and to construct further building blocks of the organization. Administration is the key aspect in the process of development of any organization. Successful administrators or executives acts as both an artist and a scientist. The present study was planned to explore into the impact and prediction possibilities that subjective well-being and good interpersonal relationships can have on contextual and task performance of public and private sector executives. Total 400 participants, 200 from public sector (comprising 100 males & 100 females), and 200 from private sector (comprising 100 males & 100 females) were selected with convenient sampling. The tools used in this research were Subjective Well-being Inventory (SUBI) (Sell & Nagpal, 1992); Fundamental Interpersonal Relations Orientation-Behavior (FIRO-B) (Schutz, 1977); Contextual Performance Scale and Task Performance Scale (Motowidlo & Scotter, 1994). Correlation and regression analyses were performed on the data and the results revealed that subjective well-being was positively correlated with interpersonal relationships (.332,p< .01), and with contextual performance (.650, p< .01). Interpersonal relationship was positively correlated with contextual performance (.260, p< .01). Subjective well-beingwas found to be significant predictor of interpersonal relationships (Adjusted R2 = .108) and contextual performance (Adjusted R2 = .421). Interpersonal relationship was found to be significant predictor of contextual performance (Adjusted R2= .065). |
Page: 333-340
Mishie Singhal and Jagrika Bajaj (Department of Psychology, Christ University, Bangalore, Karnataka) Harishankar Moosath (Consultant Clinical Psychologist, Department of Psychology,
Christ University, Bangalore, Karnataka)
The present study focused on exploring the differences in the concepts of work-life balance, perceived social support, loyalty and subsequent burnout in groups of individuals in organization particularly the IT sector. The study aimed to understand and contrast millennials and Generation X working individuals. For the study, 75 Participants (34- Generation X & 41- Millennials) using convenient sampling were selected. A survey comprising of three standardized scales assessing perceived social support (Interpersonal Support Evaluation List- Cohen, Mermelstein, Kamarck, & Hoberman, 1985), work-life balance (Work-life balance Scale- Pareek & Purohit, 2010) and burnout (Copenhagen Burnout Inventory-Kristensen et al. 2005) was administered and then was followed by a semi-structured interview examining their professional trajectories. Subsequently, these concepts from the individual's perspective were explored. The data collected were transcribed and analysed using thematic analysis with relevant statistical techniques. This study allows us to examine how these concepts may serve different functions in a multitude of contexts particularly in the Indian context which is collective yet individualistic. |
Page: 341-343
Nalini Malhotra and Kuldeep Singh (Department of Psychology, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab)
Emotion is a genuine and crucial component of work in every day's life. The appropriate use of emotional intelligence in the workplace is considered as an influential factor in organizational effectiveness. Policing is one of the few professionals that are responsible for maintaining of law and order. The success of Police organization depends to a large extent on Police Personnel's emotional characteristics and well-being. Policing requires the applications of psychological principles, viz., mastering of emotion and emotional intellectual ability in dealing with the members of public. Investigating the Psychological General Well-Being of Police Personnel is worth studying, not only to understand "optimal functioning", but also to foster the Police Personnel entire physical & mental health. The present study attempts to investigate the Psychological General Well-Being of Police Personnel in relation with Emotional Intelligence. It was hypothesized that Emotional Intelligence would be positively correlated with the Psychological General Well-Being of Police Personnel. The sample comprised 114 Police Personnel drawn from Punjab Police Academy, Phillaur, Punjab. The standardized tools selected for the study included Psychological General Well-Being scale (Dupuy, 2003) and Emotional Intelligence Scale (Hyde, Pethe, & Dhar, 2002). The result revealed that the Emotional Intelligence was found to be significantly and positively correlated with the Psychological General Well-Being of Police Personnel. Regression Analysis reveals that Emotional Intelligence accounted for 47% of variance in Psychological general well-being of Police personnel. Further, implications for present study were discussed focusing on the need of emotional intelligence training programs in future for Police Personnel. |
Page: 344-349
Damanjit Sandhu and Kirandeep Kaur (Department of Psychology, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab) Dimpy Mahanta (Department of Psychology, Cotton University, Guwahati, Assam)
Child sexual abuse (CSA) is documented to negatively affecting the quality of children's attachment representations, thus the current study aimed to study the association of sexual abuse experiences among children with attachment with parents (father & mother) and peers and the difference between sexual abuse victims and the controls in their attachment quality with parents (father & mother) and peers. The sample for the present research comprised of 550 early adolescents (275 males & 275 females) of age ranging from12 to 15 years randomly selected from various schools nearby different tea estates of Assam majorly catering to the children of tea garden workers. Children coming from various tea gardens constituted the sample for the present study. The participant adolescents were screened for having sexual abuse experiences to obtain a sample of 53 adolescents (19 males & 34 females) having a history of sexual abuse with the help of Childhood Trauma Questionnaire by Berstein and Fink (1998). An equal number (19 males & 34 females) were selected in the control group matched on significant aspects like age, sex, socio-economic status, parental education etc. An attachment measure, viz., Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment-Revised (IPPA-R) by Gullone and Robinson (2005) was administered to the sample to study their attachment quality with their parents and peers. Pearson Product Moment Correlation and t-test were used to analyze the data. Findings revealed that sexual abuse experiences are negatively associated with various dimensions of parent and peer attachment among children and that there exists significant difference in the sexual abuse victims and the controls in their attachment quality with parents (father & mother) and peers. Children in the sexual abuse victims group (SA) exhibited lower quality parent (father & mother) and peer attachment relationships than children in the control group. It can be concluded from the results of this study that child sexual abuse is associated with problems in children's emotional development, particularly increased insecurity of attachment. |
Page: 350-352
Shipra Mishra (Department of Law, IIL College, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh)
"While there is no rose but has a thorn, if what you hold is all thorn and no rose, better to throw it away."
J. Krishna Iyer
Marriage is the very basis of the family and the community without which there can be no civilization. The relationship is once created by the law and binds the parties to several responsibilities and commitments. Under the Hindu Marriage Act, 1955; a divorce order was issued in more than one place to both the husband and the wife, as listed in Section 13. In increasing circumstances, the legislature was well aware of social trends and the need to make the solution for divorce accessible. However, no reason given in Section 13 speaks of a breakdown of marriage as a floor for divorce. It should be observed that it is not possible. This article explores the question of an irrevocable breakdown of the marriage. |
Page: 353-357
Suruchi Ahlawat and Sarvdeep Kohli (Department of Psychology, M.D. University, Rohtak, Haryana)
Is there a relationship between creativity and intelligence? It is a long-standing and mostly unresolved question, which researchers keep asking time and again. Some research has displayed that they are independent of each other, whereas others have displayed relationship among these variables. There is a requirement of quantitative research for a better understanding of creativity and intelligence relationship to make sense of these contrary pieces of evidence. The present study investigates the relationship between creativity and intelligence. For this purpose, a sample of 120 subjects (60 males & 60 female) were selected from the age of 12 to 14 years from grade 7th, 8th, and 9th. For evaluating creativity 'Non-verbal test of creative thinking by Mehdi was used, and intelligence was measured by the Culture Fair Test by Cattell and Cattell. The results revealed a positive correlation between creativity and intelligence. The study also tried to find out gender differences in creativity. The results revealed that there are no gender differences in creativity. |
Page: 358-362
Charnpreet Kaur and Rita Arora (Department of Education, Jaipur National University, Jaipur, Rajasthan)
The present investigation is an effort to examine the “Effect of Family Environment on Aggression of Adolescent Students of Sirsa District”. It is based on the specific objectives that to study the level of family environment, the relationship between family environment and aggression and the effect of family environment on aggression of adolescent students of Sirsa district. The size is sample is 400, adolescent students 200 boys and 200 girls district Sirsa, Haryana. A standardised scale of family environment by Bhatia and Chadha has been used to measure the level of family environment of adolescents. A self-constructed and standardized aggression scale was used to study the expression of aggression of adolescents. The data was analyzed using frequencies, percentage, correlation and regression. The findings revealed that the adolescent of Sirsa district had average level in most of the family environment dimensions. Aggression had positive and significant coorelation with family environment. |
Page: 363-365
Parmod Kumar (Department of Commerce, Shri Jagdishprasad Jhabarmal Tibrewala University, Jhunjhunu, Rajasthan)
The furtherance of technology and progress in agriculture has empowered our country to furnish food security. But this technology negative effect also. That types of technology imbalanced our ecosystem. Under such status, dangerous earthly concerns have been verbalized regarding the use of heavy chemicals, pesticides and fertilizers in agriculture in footing of their negative effect on the human health and the environment. The chance of 'Organic Agriculture' is the only solution to nurture the land and to reproduce the soil by going back to our traditional method of farming, i.e., free from chemicals, pesticides and fertilizers. This is a potential step for sustainable development by adopting not to use chemicals, synthetic materials, pesticides and generate hormones to produce high nutritional quality food and in appropriate quantity. This article provides an overview of organic agriculture in India. |
Page: 366-369
Rabiya Fatima and Manglesh Kumar Manglam (Department of Psychological Sciences, Central University of South Bihar, Gaya, Bihar)
Postpartum depression (PPD) is a major depression with a postpartum onset. Various reasons, such as lack of support from the husband or the family, type of family, sex of the baby, past experiences, and many more, can lead to the onset of postpartum depression in a female. The aim of the present study was to assess postpartum depression and its possible risk factors among females. The sample consisted of 100 postpartum females. The sample was selected by purposive sampling method from different nursing homes in Patna. Women with age ranging from 20 to 45 years were recruited as the sample of the study. After obtaining an informed consent, details of socio-demographic variables and risk factor related variables were gathered on interview with the postpartum females and postpartum depression was assessed using Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. The result revealed that 58% of the females were suffering from postpartum depression. Possible risk factors identified in the study were mode of delivery, breast feeding problems, sleep disturbances, appetite disturbances, and mood swings during pregnancy. Age during first pregnancy was significantly negatively correlated with postpartum depression score. |
Page: 370-373
Shweta Negi and Roopali Sharma (Amity Institute of Psychology and Allied Sciences, AUUP, Noida, Uttar Pradesh)
Suicidal ideation are the thoughts which effects the well-being of an individual. Suicide is an act where a person harm oneself in complete awareness and it can also leads to death of a person. One of the most common reason of self - harm is hopelessness. There are wide range of factors found to be responsible for suicide ideation among high school children starting from low self-esteem, teasing, bullying, low grades and existence of other psychopathology. This study was done to determine, whether Healthy emotional Expression is an Intervention for suicide ideation among school students. 55 Review of Literature suggests varied intervention of suicide ideation, written exposure, disclosure, music therapy, Writing emotions or Catharsis, promotion of group support, relaxation and mindfulness based meditation are one of the effective ways to deal with high school students having suicidal ideation. |
Page: 374-379
Ashis Roy (Centre of Psychotherapy & Clinical Research, School of Human Studies, Ambedkar University Delhi, Delhi)
In the Indian context, the question of female sexuality, subjectivity, desire and sexual abuse have been studied by psychologists and feminists. A large number of female patients who come for psychotherapy, report experiences of sexual abuse during their developmental years. For many of them to recognise being abused is a long process. Often this process is lonely. The defense mechanism of dissociation, which involves a simultaneous existence in a state of awareness and non awareness, governs their subjective experience and dissociation is also used in their familial environment. In the development of women who have faced sexual abuse, the process of recognition of being abused takes long and has a severe impact on the identity of the victim, in the spheres of comfort with emotional and sexual intimacy, in their capacity to trust relationships and in their ability to differentiate between sexual desire and their experience of abuse. In patriarchal familial systems, the acknowledgment of the experience of abuse is filled with shame and guilt. The sexual abuse of the female child also gets tied with the family's shame and honor. The silence and shame around sexual abuse adds to the experience of being unwanted that the girl child faces in Indian society. Psychotherapy often becomes the context where women are able to revisit and speak about their experience of abuse in a safe environment. This paper captures the experience of a victim of abuse and the confusing relationship that she has to navigate between her sexual abuse, her sexual desire, and familial honor. The paper has been written in a narrative form to preserve the experiential content. |
Page: 380-382
Sanjay Nawale (Department of Psychology, Arts and Commerce College, Belapur, Ahmednagar, Maharashtra) V. R. Shinde (Department of Psychology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra)
Subjective well being is very important aspect of life as it is determined by many situational and individualistic factors, and extent of SWB also impacts overall psychological and physical health of a person. Workplace is an important area in person's life, and specifically into it, type of sector, that is public or private sector has its own scope and limitations. The study aimed at measuring the SWB among the public sector and private sector executives. Study also aimed to see the comparison of SWB among males and females. Total 400 participants, 200 from public sector (including 100 male & 100 female), and 200 from private sector, included in study with convenient sampling. Assessment of SWB was done with inventory by Sell and Nagpal that is Subjective Well-being Inventory (SUBI). Results indicated that SWB was significantly higher in Public Sector Executives than Private Sector Executives. SWB was higher in Males than Females irrespective of the sector they are working. SWB does not differ significantly among males and females of Public sector and Private Sector when the gender comparison done for specific public and private sector. |
Page: 383-385
Priyanka and Rajbir Singh (Department of Psychology, Maharishi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana)
In the recent world of competition, depression is a major psychiatric illness that effects the children, adults as well as elderly people. The core feature of depression is negative thoughts which in turn give the feelings of helplessness, hopelessness and worthlessness. And these feelings associated with suicidal ideations, in the severe phase depression is the leading cause of suicide. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT) is an old psychological treatment for depression that dealt with negative automatic thoughts and the schemas of the patient to reduce the depression and to prevent relapse. Antidepressants also use to treat the depression, they also have the promising results. The present study is an attempt to compare the CBT along with pharmacotherapy and pharmacotherapy alone to treat the depression. For the purpose 30 patients with moderate depression were registered, severity level was assessed by using Beck Depression Inventory-II and then they randomly divided in to two groups, one group received CBT along with psychotherapy and the other group received only pharmacotherapy. Data was analysed by using t-test. The results showed that the CBT along with psychotherapy is more effective to treat depression than pharmacotherapy alone. |
Page: 386-388
Ankita Singh (Department of Psychology, MJRP University, Jaipur, Rajasthan)
This study examined mental health of male-female doctors in Jaipur. Doctors (n=200) were tested on various factors of mental health. It was predicted that there'll be a significant of mental health on job satisfaction of male-female doctors. Employee's Mental Health Inventory by Gupta & Kumar was used to collect primary data. Sample size was 200. Doctors were tested on various parameters of Mental Health (1) Regular Life (2) Adjustment (3) Emotional Maturity (4) Self-Evaluation (5) Self-Concept (6) Physical Health (7) Satisfaction (8) Clear-Cut Philosophy of Life. (9) Anxietylessness (10) Conflictlessness. There'll be significant difference found between mental health of male & female doctors. |
Page: 389-391
Neha Benada and Rashmi Chowdhry (Department of Psychology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan)
Suicidal ideations are seen as complex patterns of suicidal behaviour requiring more attention through research for better level of understanding, prediction and prevention. The choice of coping strategies appears to have significant link with suicidal behaviour, as the use of effective coping strategies was found to decrease the incidence of suicidal behaviour. The objective of the study is to find out the relationship between suicidal ideation and coping strategies. For this purpose, a sample of 50 males was selected in the age range of 18-29 years. The tools used for the purpose were suicidal ideation scale by Sisodia and Bhatnagar and Coping Strategies Scale by Srivastava. The data was analyzed through pearson's Product Moment Correlation. The result of the study reveals that Coping strategy is found to be negatively correlated with suicidal ideation. |
Page: 392-398
Damanjit Sandhu and Kirandeep Kaur (Department of Psychology, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab) Dimpy Mahanta (Department of Psychology, Cotton University, Guwahati, Assam)
Child sexual abuse is a significant global issue. Research supports strong association between sexual abuse among children and poor mental health. Considering the Chronicity of sexual abuse among children in the North-Eastern parts of India and its deleterious impact on their mental health, it is important to study this issue among the North-Eastern children. Thus, the current study aimed at studying the association of sexual abuse experiences among children with various mental health difficulties. The difference in the mental health of children with sexual abuse experiences and the controls (children with no sexual abuse experiences) was also studied. The sample for the present research comprised of 550 early adolescents (275 males & 275 females) of age ranging from12 to 15 years randomly selected from various schools nearby different tea estates of Assam majorly catering to the children of tea garden workers. Children coming from various tea gardens constituted the sample for the present study. The participant adolescents were screened for having sexual abuse experiences to obtain a sample of 42 adolescents (13 males & 29 females) having a history of sexual abuse with the help of Childhood Trauma Questionnaire by Berstein and Fink (1998). An equal number (13 males & 29 females) were selected in the control group matched on significant aspects like age, sex, socio-economic status, parental education etc. A measure of mental health difficulties viz. The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) by Goodman (2005) was administered to the sample to study their mental health. Pearson Product Moment Correlation and t-test were used to analyze the data. Findings revealed that sexual abuse experiences are positively associated with various mental health difficulties and that there exists a significant difference in the sexual abuse victims and the controls in terms of various mental health difficulties. Children in the sexual abuse victims group (SA) exhibited higher emotional problems, conduct problems and peer problems than children in the control group. It can be concluded from the results of this study that child sexual abuse is associated with problems in children's psychosocial development, particularly increased mental health difficulties. |
Page: 399-402
Lovleena Sharma, Divyangana Yadav, and Manpreet Ola (Amity Institute of Clinical Psychology, Amity University, Gurugram, Haryana)
People all over the world have an access to internet connection, with a growing competition between internet service providers and telecom companies , speed and plans provided by various companies promise greater internet speed at lowest possible cost. Although on the face of it such easy access seems to be a great option to enhance knowledge and gather information but unfortunately the use of internet is not confined to only these aspects. With a growing emphasis on technological development, the concept of internet use has been revolutionized. Every small bit of information is verified with the help of internet and such trends have created a strong dependency on internet among all the generations. Increased dependency on internet has been transforming into internet addiction which is difficult to cope with. The aim of this paper is to throw a deeper light on patterns and characteristics of internet addiction and how it came to be recognized under a broader category of 'disorders'. |
Page: 403-410
O.P. Sharma (Department of Psychology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan) Vismita Paliwal (Department of Psychology, NIMS University, Jaipur, Rajasthan) Mangi Lal
(Department of Psychology, Jai Narayan Vyas University, Jodhpur, Rajasthan)
Teachers, their well-being, their professionalism and their professional development are critical in any discussion as to how to improve educational performance. The purpose of the study was to analyze the effect of rural and urban background and gender on the level of psychological well-being and self-efficacy among teachers of Rajasthan. Sample of 300 teachers was selected among which 150 were rural and 150 were urban areas of Rajasthan. Among both rural and urban teachers 75 were male and 75 female. The age range of the teachers was 25-45 years. Ryff's psychological well-being scales (PWB) (Ryff, 1989) and Teacher Self-efficacy Scale (Bandura, 1977) were conducted on the sample selected. Scoring of response sheets was done by the investigator himself according to the scoring keys given in the manuals of three tests. For the determination of significance of mean differences the student's “t” test were applied between the gender (male & female) and location (rural & urban) of the schools. It was found that the Level of Positive relations, self acceptance and total psychological well being were found significantly more on male teachers of rural area than female teachers of rural area. It was also indicated that female teachers of urban area were found to have more level of Environmental Mastery, positive relations, self acceptance, purpose in life, personal growth dimensions of psychological well being scale, and total psychological well being than male teachers of urban area. The urban teachers had significantly high Personal Growth dimension of psychological well being than rural teachers. The limitations and implications of the study were stated. |