Page: 407-410 Tamanna Saini and Seema Sharma (Department of Human Development & Family Studies, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab)

Page: 417-422 Harleen Kaur Deo¹, Radhika Rana², and Rupan Dhillon³ (Navchetan Multispeciality Hospital, Pathankot, Punjab¹, Viklele Consulting, Bavdhan, Pune, Maharashtra², and Department of Psychology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab³)

Page: 428-432 Bijoy Bhattacharjee and Aditya Raj (Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Bihar)

Page: 438-442 Monika and Manju (Department of Applied Psychology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, Haryana)

Page: 01-06 Mona Vij (Ramgarhia College of Education, Phagwara, Punjab) Sawinder Arora (G.N. College of Education for Women, Kapurthala, Punjab ) Education is a process through which a child is made capable to attain the necessary competencies and skills to face the challenges in life to survive, and to make struggle for existence. Four important factors are identified for achieving the goal of education all these are access to education, enrolment of children, retention of the enrolled children and achievement. MidDayMealScheme is an effort to achieve and facilitate all above four objectives. Scheme is introduced by the govt. to provide lunch free of cost to school children on all working Days. The present study is related to the evaluation of MidDayMealScheme in elementary schools in Punjab. It focused on to study the role of MidDayMealScheme on student's Enrolment and attendance rate, to examine the quality of food available under MidDayMealScheme in elementary schools of Kapurthala district. It is concluded from the study that it has positive impact in enhancing enrolment and attendance but still it is not the only reason for high enrolment as well there is still need for improvement in quality of food in MDM Scheme. Nutritious value of food can be improved if we avoid excessive wash of food, less exposure of vegetables to air as well as avoid overheating. Students can get healthy and fresh food if proper clean utensils will be available and proper cleanliness be maintained in school.

Page: 12-15 Gagan Deep (Department of Education, Punjabi University Regional Centre, Bathinda, Punjab) Teaching is not everybody's cup of tea rather it is an art that is learnt by undergoing a specific and rigorous training. Teachers have to be up to date regarding the changing trends in the educational system to ensure their effective role in teaching learning process. The extent of assertiveness, taking initiative, effective communication and a tendency to develop a sense of cooperative learning in the classroom will determine the level of effectiveness of teacher as a leader. Teacher's effectiveness in an educational process is determined by several psychological, social, economic and political factors such as his intellectual abilities, job satisfaction, socio-economic status, mental health, locus of control, self-efficacy etc. The present study attempts to explore the relationship between teacher effectiveness and locus of control of high school teachers of Punjab. In the present study, descriptive survey research method was employed. The teacher effectiveness scale by Kulsum (2000) and Locus of Control Scale by Vohra (2002) were administered for collecting data for the study in hand. The sample of the study consisted of 200 male and female high school teachers, selected through random cluster sampling technique, from the government and private schools of Bathinda district of Punjab. Pearson's Product Moment Correlation & t-test were used to analyze the teacher effectiveness and locus of control of high school teachers. The results revealed that high school teachers do not differ significantly on the variables of teacher effectiveness and locus of control across gender (Male & Female) and type of school (Government & Private). The findings of the study further indicated that there is no significant relationship between teacher effectiveness and locus of control of high school teachers.

Page: 21-26 Mona Vij (Ramgarhia College of Education, Phagwara, Punjab) Modern education demands the use of co-operative and collaborative strategies of learning. Many of life's most important tasks can only be accomplished in groups, and many group tasks are collective tasks that require the pooling of individual members inputs to achieve a common goal. Each member of the group contributes less than they would if they were individually responsible and this tendency of individuals is known as social loafing. There is complex link between social loafing and value orientation. Values go on updating with the growth of the students. To inculcate good values in the students there should be positive relation with each other's. The values formation can be influenced by gender. If individuals within a group feel that their productivity or inputs are not identifiable than social loafing is likely to occur. The present study is an investigation of social loafing behaviour among secondary school students in relation to their value orientation. In the present study purposive sampling technique was adopted. The population from which the sample selected was class IX students of District Kapurthala. The major findings are Students studying in different type of school, i.e., government and private differ significantly in overall task conditions of social loafing behaviour. Correlation between social loafing and value orientation shows that Value of the student is directly depends upon the school environment and It is important to make group members feel that their contribution are essential for the group success. In school, there should be well trained teacher and well equipped infrastructure, which will create a healthy environment to inspire students for group task.

Page: 29-32 Kavita (D.A.N. College of Education for Women, Nawanshahr, Punjab) The present study has been undertaken to find the relationship between achievement motivation and creativity of prospective teachers. A sample consisted of 842 prospective teachers was taken from teacher education colleges affiliated to Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar. The data was analyzed by using Pearsons Product Moment Correlation and t-test. The study revealed that there was a positive and significant relationship between achievement motivation and creativity of prospective teachers. Further it was also found that there was significant difference in achievement motivation of prospective teachers studying in Grant-in-Aid and Self-financed colleges.

Page: 36-38 Sawinder Arora (G.N. College of Education for Women, Kapurthala, Punjab) While analysis of data, the parametric statistical techniques, namely, t-test, analysis of variance, analysis of co-variance, multivariate analysis of variance, or regression analysis are preferred by the researchers due to the power they possess to reject the null hypothesis. These parametric inferential procedures are applied to make generalizations beyond the sample data. Although these statistical techniques rely on parametric assumptions, educational researchers give scant attention to the testing these assumptions. However, using parametric statistical techniques with disdain toward assumption testing can be hazardous. The sample statistics may not be a good estimation to the population parameters. An alternative to overcoming this situation is applying non-parametric techniques. Non-parametric tests are known as assumption-free tests. The present paper aims to discuss common non-parametric inferential procedures.

Page: 42-44 Amit Ahuja (University School of Education, GGSIP University, Delhi) In a social scenario, the term value refers to whatever desired or sought, in some context, by an individual. The operational ideology of any society is reflected by its values. Values depict the agenda of any political regime, moral beliefs and religious practices of the life of citizens. In the present day scenario, the school stage is the most suitable platform to initiate the value inculcation among the future citizens that is the students. In schools, the teachers may be invited to deliberate upon their own experiences and share the same with others as values cannot be taught in vacuum. Concerning the curricular practices at the pre-service level of teacher education, through the provision of some ways or means, there may be concrete exposure for the students and they may be able to translate these reflective tendencies into practices. The co-curricular activities, at the pre-service level of teacher education, must take into account the truth that the humans, as social beings, are born on this earth with some values and it is the responsibility of the teachers to uncover them.

Page: 49-51 Sumitra Chahar (Department of Education, J.G. College of Education, Sirsa, Haryana) School rivalry is increasing day by day in India and is of growing concern for parents, teachers, and social thinkers. Bullying occurs at all age levels, but peaks in late childhood to middle adolescence, ages 9-15, and begins to decrease after these peak periods (Hazler, 1996). Common bullying activities that adolescents in are involved name-calling, teasing, taunting, ridiculing, obscene gestures, prejudice, threatening, hitting, kicking, rejection, or intentional expulsion from a group. The present paper reviews on various risk factors in the development of bullying behaviors among school children.

Page: 56-59 Sumitra Chahar (Department of Education, J.G. College of Education, Sirsa, Haryana) When one overviews the cases of childhood, adolescent or adult aggression, one common characteristic of the aggressive episode stands out, i.e., if aggressive behavior is manifested at an early stage, it is likely to persist and signal risk for delinquent behavior that continues through adulthood. Aggressive adolescents often become aggressive adults who, later on, serve as faulty parental models for their own children to follow. Thus, a vicious circle is formed that passes on from one generation to the other. Aggression is one of the areas where mixed findings on gender differences have been reported by researchers. The present paper explains the gender differences in aggression among youth.