Indian Journal of Health and Wellbeing

Pages: 116-121
Diriba Wakjira Furi (Department of Psychology and Parapsychology, College of Arts and Commerce, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam )
Ananda Rao (Department of Psychology and Parapsychology, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam )

The main purpose of this study was to examine the association between socio-demographic variables and mental health problems on 357 offenders out of which 306 (86%) males and 51 (14%) females found in Oromiya Regional state, Horro-Guduru Wallaga Correctional Center, western Ethiopia with an age range of 19-65 with a mean age of 33.01+11.15 SD. General Health Questionnaire-28 (GHQ-28) was used to examine offenders' mental health status. Results were analyzed using descriptive statistics via mean and standard deviations, and inferential via t- test and one-way ANOVA. 84% of inmates were affected by mental health problems, mostly belonging to the age group of 31-45 years. Male offenders were more affected (89%) than females (80%). Education and term of the sentence were found to have significant effects on mental health problems.

Pages: 127-132
Priyanka Anjan Rao (Department of Psychology, University of Delhi South Campus, Delhi)
Gopa Bhardwaj (Dean School of Humanities & Social Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, U. P.)
Prabhat K. Mishra (Department of Educational Psychology and Foundations of Education, NCERT, New Delhi)

Present study focused on two broader and emerging groups of women, i.e., homemakers and employed women. Being women both the groups are subject to some obligation and restriction to deal with stressors of life. Present study aims to see the relationship between dimension of daily stressors and coping strategies in both the group homemakers and employed women. Study carried on 120 women, 60 subjects in each group. Daily stress inventory by Brantley and Jones (1989) and Coping Strategies Scale by Srivastava (2001) used for measuring daily stress and Coping respectively. Pearson product moment correlation used to find the correlations between variables. Results show significant correlation between stress and coping for both the group. This relationship is equally prevalent in both the group. It indicates the extensive need of understanding and addressing the stress and coping strategies of women by providing counseling, training, control over resources, and active participation to encounter the various stressors in their life.

Pages: 144-147
Sarwat Jabeen (Department of Psychology, Nirmala College, Ranchi, Jharkhand)

Self-concept is best conceived as a system of attitudes towards oneself. It consists of all the personal aspects like learning, perceptions, feelings, attitudes, aspirations, adjustment and values of oneself concerning oneself which determine the academic and other successes of the individual in and out of the school. Self Confidence is the belief in one's own self. It relates to self-assurance in one's personal judgment, ability, power, etc. During adolescence, Self-confidence can vary in different environments, such as at home or in school and be observed in a variety of dimensions. This paper examines the Self Concept and Self Confidence of Christian and Non Christian adolescents, and investigate the gender differences in Self Concept and Self Confidence. The sample consisted of 120 adolescents (60 Christian & 60 nonchristian) from Ranchi District studying in class XII. The male and female (aged 16 to 18) were equally distributed among the samples. Self Concept Rating Scale and Self Confidence Inventory was used for measurement. The data obtained for the variables under study have been subjected to different statistical analysis such as mean, standard deviation (SD), Pearson's correlation and T-test, to understand the impact and relationship between the variables. The findings indicated that there were no significant differences with regard to the Self Concept of male and female and Christian and nonchristian adolescents. Significant Gender differences was found in Self Confidence score. The females had significantly higher level of Self Confidence in comparison to the males.

Pages: 152-156
Rashmi Choudhary and Deepali Sharma Gupta (Department of Psychology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan)

The goal of positive development is the promotion of healthy physical, intellectual, psychosocial and emotional development. It equips young people with attributes, skills, competencies, and values that will contribute to their future role as productive, socially-minded, healthy citizens likely to succeed in areas of family, work, and society. This study investigates the relationship between civic engagement and subjective well-being. To serve this purpose the research designed consisted of 300 participants, 150 females and 150 males, in the age range of 18 to 28 yrs from urban India. Purposive random sampling technique was used. The measurement tools used for the purpose of data collection were the Civic Engagement Scale (CES) by Amy Doolittle and Anna Faul (2013) and Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) developed by Diener et al. (1985). The results reveal positive correlation between the scores on civic engagement status and subjective well-being (r=0.84, p=<.01). When civic engagement is entered in the regression model with subjective well-being as a criterion for the total sample, civic engagement itself contributed to 57.9% of the variance. Probability that the regression output is not by chance is seen by “significance F”. Engagement as sense of belonging can foster participation in activities, communities, and institutions, and the process of participation can foster a sense of belonging. Civic engagement is critical to both positive youth development and to healthy societies and democracies. In these ways, engagement is both a process and an outcome. It is important to provide emerging adults with more opportunities to experience a sense of and promote prosocial behaviours in the community context.

Pages: 161-163
Col. Shashi Vadhanan (Senior Adviser Surgery and Neurosurgery, Army Hospital Research and Referral, Delhi )

Numerous studies have demonstrated that transfer of care of a critically ill patient takes place most frequently in the Intensive care unit of any busy hospital. Communication is particularly important but vulnerable to error during times of transition or a ''hand-off'' from one healthcare professional to another. Several studies conducted so far have highlighted failure of communication between health care personnel as a major threat to patient safety in critical care. These failures also account for over 60% of root causes of sentinel events as reported to the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations. Hand off refers to transfer of heath care form one provider to the other. The transfer could mean transfer of information, responsibility or authority from one clinician to the other. Burton and Eaton et al have defined Hand off as verbal and written communication between health care professionals as they transition between work shifts or transfer of primary responsibility of care from one person to other. In the present era of exploding technology and super specialization, it is not only inescapable but also necessary to give the patient the best in health care that is available. This involves frequent transfers. These transfers can involve hand off within a health care set up from one clinician to the other, during duty shift changes or transfers from one institute to the other. The unaware patient is exposed to a complex health care environment which has been undergoing a dynamic change. Adding on to this are variations in clinical practice in various departments within the same health care set up. To provide seamless and uninterrupted health care there should be continuity of information, management and also relations. Previous studies have aimed to define the characteristics of a ''hand-off'' in a variety of settings and contexts such as nursing shift report, ambulance to hospital transfer, and emergency medicine shift changes. Despite all efforts there is a lot that needs to be achieved. To overcome the hand off barrier certain key strategies have been proposed. They include incorporation, standardization and universal implementation of hand off tools, holding frequent education sessions for health care providers as well other stake holders so that hand off becomes smooth and error free. Computer technology can be utilized to incorporate online forms, check lists. It can also provide a structure to guide health care providers when it comes to sharing relevant and critical information.

Pages: 168-172
Ranjana and Nandini Moudgil (Department of Psychology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana)

Aggression is defined as an intentional injury or harm to another person and is a widely researched area. More so, because attempts at curbing aggression had been futile so far and thereby, necessitating the need to study aggression at the earliest possible stages of development as prevention is always better than cure. Identification of correlates of aggressive behaviour at an earlier age would be beneficial for preventing aggressive tendencies and maybe helpful in devising a preventive and developmental counselling program so that the impact of negative traits maybe reduced, if not eliminated. Self esteem and parenting styles have been implicated in research aimed at identifying factors associated with aggression. Self esteem is our overall self- evaluation and Child rearing styles are combination of parenting behaviours that occur over a wide range of situations, creating an enduring child rearing climate. The present study was conducted to analyze the relationship between aggression, self esteem and parenting styles. The participants comprised of 100 students belonging to the age range of 18-20 yrs, selected randomly from educational institutions in Haryana. Aggression questionnaire developed by Arnold Buss and Warren (2000) was used to assess aggression level of the sample selected. Self esteem inventory developed by Stanley Cooper smith (1989) was used to find out the level of self esteem of the subjects and Parental authority questionnaire developed by John Buri was used to assess the parenting styles from the point of view of the subjects. The data were analyzed using the Pearson's Product Moment correlation and stepwise regression analysis. The results revealed significant positive correlation between aggression and authoritarian mother (p<0.05), and a significant negative correlation with flexible father (p<0.01).Self esteem was found to have a significant negative correlation with Authoritarian father (p<0.01), and authoritarian mother (p<0.01), but a significant positive correlation with flexible father and mother, both (p<0.01). Stepwise regression analysis revealed that different parenting styles were strong predictors of aggression.

Pages: 177-179
Adel Ghari (MA in Counseling Tendency Family, General Department Prison of Isfahan, Isfahan Central Prison, Isfahan General Department of Education, Iran )
Mostafa Mashayekhi (Employment Expert General Department Prison of Isfahan, Isfahan Central Prison, Iran )

Positive and significant correlation between men and women are in love, the more the feeling of love in men or women increases, his wife will love. Although these correlations are significant, although these correlations are significant, but the maximum correlation observed between women and men in the intimacy of love. This correlation may be easily explained, according to Maslow. According to them there is reciprocity love and intimacy. If mutual love was quite the intensity of the correlation coefficient should be greater than this. On the other hand one could argue that love in every dimension The couple would not love the wife in the same dimension, but growth may be in another dimension of love; For example, expression of frenzy in men, may give rise to a feeling of intimacy and commitment, sincerity and commitment expressed in women or in women, causes a feeling of growth and commitment in men. The findings could pave the way for new studies about love is to pilot projects, appropriate therapeutic interventions to strengthen love in marriage and its problems formulated. It should be noted that the full study entitled "Dimensions of three-dimensional theory of love in the loving couples in stage four nominations, Marriage, Marriage, marry and have children "by doctor Abdollah Farahbakhsh, And Abdullah Shafiabady do. Men compared with women, begin married life with greater love, but women retain more love in life. Women begin married life with more intimacy and in the marriage that still do not have children; compared with men express more intimacy and parenting courses increase it further. While the percentage of male intimacy is almost declining. Men compared with women, begin married life with greater love, but women retain more love in life. Women begin married life with more intimacy And in the marriage that still do not have children, compared with men express more intimacy and parenting courses increase it further. While the percentage of male intimacy is almost declining. Love is a psychological state that during the last three decades been regarded social psychological and scientific research has been done on its effects on human life.

Pages: 287-289
Supriya Sioni and Kamayani Mathur (Department of Psychology, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat)

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder of multiple aetiology characterized by chronic hyperglycaemia with disturbances of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both (WHO, 1999). Type 1 DM is one of the most common endocrine and metabolic conditions among children. With 70,000 newly diagnosed young people every year, the prevalence of type 1 DM is growing globally (IDF, 2011). Distress is a term which describes a range of symptoms and experiences of an inner life of a person which leads to troubles, confusions and abnormalities. Diabetes Distress (DD) refers to the unique, often hidden emotional burdens and worries that are part of the spectrum of patient experience when managing a severe, demanding chronic disease like diabetes. The aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between DD and type 1 diabetics in relation to gender and presence of clinical comorbidity. Purposive sampling technique was used to select the sample of 40 type 1 diabetics equally divided gender wise and as per the presence of clinical comorbidity. The sample was selected from various hospitals of Ahmedabad city aged between 18-30 years. Diabetes Distress Scale (DDS) was administered to the patients. The results were statistically analysed using student's 't' test. The findings revealed that DD was found to be more in male type 1 diabetics than female type 1 diabetics. Diabetics with clinical comorbidities had higher DD than diabetics with no clinical comorbidities.

Pages: 188-190
Amrinder Kaur (Desh Bhagat University, Mandi Gobindgarh, Punjab )
Agyajit Singh (Department of Psychology (Retd.), Punjabi University, Patiala )

The study was conducted to measure the self-concept among adolescents in context to gender, location of area (rural & urban) and types of schools (Government & Private). A sample of 400 students of 9th and 10th classes were selected randomly; out of which 200 were male addresses (100 rural & 100 urban) and 200 female adolescents (again 100 rural & 100 urban) studying in government and private schools. Self-concept inventory standardized by Raj Kumar Saraswat was administered to subjects to measure their self-concept. The results show that males were having better self-concept than females. There were no differences between rural and urban as well as government and private school adolescents on self-concept.

Pages: 196-199
Pushpa, Ramnath and Sandeep Singh (Department of Applied Psychology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, Haryana)

Adolescent is a very critical and crucial period of life. Adolescents are exposed to different kind of peer influences ranging from health risk behaviors to how to behave in social environment. Peer pressure has both positive and negative effects on the psyche of adolescents. Present study focuses on the relationship between family climate and peer pressure among adolescents. The present research work was carried out on a sample of 150 young adults (75 males & 75 females) having age range of 18-21 years. The sample was taken from different educational institutions. The major tools used in the present study were Family Climate Scale propounded by Beena Shah (1990) and Peer Pressure Scale by (Singh & Saini, 2010). After collection of the data, statistical analysis has been made with the help of statistical tools of descriptive statistics, Pearson product moment method of correlation and Independent sample-t test. It has been observed in the finding that there is inverse relationship between positive family climate and peer pressure. The finding of the study also showed that there has been significant gender difference on some dimensions of family climate and peer pressure.

Pages: 206-210
Amrita Bedi (Department of Psychology, North Campus, University of Delhi, New Delhi )
Simran Bedi (Clinical Psychologist, Masina Hospital, Mumbai )

Contemporary world is dominated by communication that transforms and transfers information at a rate where it is not possible to escape its influences. Media mediates our attitude, outlook and lifestyle and moulds the stances we take in our everyday lives. The infamous Delhi Gang Rape case of 16th December, 2012 brought in a revolution in the world of media regarding a topic otherwise stigmatized and expanded the public eye's view of Indian woman and her portrayal of being the “weaker sex”. With this as the background the present study aims at elucidating the inter-generational differences of Indian men towards their view of woman and her associated roles. A mixed method approach was adopted to evaluate the concept related to women. The sample consisted of 100 Indian males-50 from the age group of 18-25 years and 50 from 45-55 years. For quantitative analysis, semantic differential method was used and the D-statistic was calculated. For the qualitative analysis, blogs written post 16th December, 2012 Delhi gang-rape were analyzed and the themes arising in them were identified. Results indicate an average magnitude of difference between the males of two age groups in their view of woman and her various roles that of a wife, daughter, girl-friend, mother to name a few. Qualitative analysis of the blogs helped identity the following themes: belief of a good and bad woman, entirety of appearance, concept of freedom and her safety as forwarded by men. Results highlight the issue of a woman as being acceptable only when her identity is defined by the male and also, when she lives within the parameters drawn by the conservative social order. The study has implications for the field of gender studies, development studies, cross- cultural studies and issues of women empowerment.