Indian Journal of Health and Wellbeing

Pages: 78-82
Anjali Edbor, Pankaj Singh and Vithalrao Dandge` (Department of Pediatrics, NKP Salve Institute of Medical Sciences & Lata Mangeshkar Hospital, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India)

The 21st century saw a “strong awakening of interest in human treatment of intellectual disability.” Ones know that intellectual disability is a disability characterized by significant limitations in both intellectual functioning and in adaptive behavior, which cover many every day social and practical skills. This disability originates before the age of 18. The main purpose of the study was to investigate the parent’s philosophy towards their intellectual disabled children and also to find out the levels of differences. All parents of children with intellectual disability, were included in the study between January 2014 and November 2014, were enrolled in a cross sectional questionnaire based study. Each parent underwent a help of a validated questionnaire. All parents’ needs conditions were noted. A group of sex and aged matched patients seen during the same period served as a control group. Comparisons were analyzed using ‘t’-test. They were assessed with the help of a validated questionnaire “NIMH-Family Needs Schedule.” There was a significant difference in the score for male parents (mean=64.76, standard deviation [SD]=27.70) and female parents (mean=85, SD=18.62), t-score=−18.692, significant at 0.05 levels.

Pages: 86-89
B. Manimegalai and J. Parameswari (Department of Psychology, Periyar University, Salem, Tamil Nadu, India)

This study examined the influence of parental stress on challenging behavior of preschool children. Totally 350 parents’ of preschool children selected randomly from 10 preschools in Salem city were administered strength and difficulties questionnaire and parental stress scale. Of 350, only 266 data were considered for final analysis. Results of this study showed that challenging behavior of preschoolers is significantly influenced by parenting stress. It is found that there is a significant difference in challenging behavior of preschool children based on the type of family and parent’s educational status. It is further found that there is no significant difference in challenging behavior of preschool children based on mother’s age and the number of siblings.

Pages: 94-96
Kumkum Pareek (Department of Psychology, Raghunath Girls Post- graduate College, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India)
Tulika Kush (Department of Applied Science, Sir Chotu Ram Institute of Engineering and Technology (C.C.S University), Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India)

Old age is an inevitable part of our life cycle and should be lived gracefully rather than grudgingly. There is a great need to enhance the well-being of elders. In this survey study, the relationship between emotional intelligence and life satisfaction was explored among elders living in homes and old age homes. A sample of 398 elders was selected by using stratified random sampling method from NCR. Life satisfaction scale and emotional intelligence scale were used to assess life satisfaction and emotional intelligence. Corrections and CR between r’s of both the groups were computed for analysis. Significant differences were found between both the groups.

Pages: 100-102
Gangadhar Mirji (Department of Pediatrics, S N Medical College, Bagalkot, Karnataka, India)
K.J. Shashank (Department of Community Medicine, SBMPMC, Bijapur, Karnataka, India)
S.W. Shrikant (Department of Pediatrics, Mahadevappa Rampure Medical College, Gulbarga, Karnataka, India)
Dharmanand Reddy (Department of Pediatrics, Shridevi Institute of Medical Sciences, Tumkur, Karnataka, India)

Children below 5 years constitute 14% of the total population in our country. They are vulnerable group deserving special health care. Children are considered to be susceptible to the host of disease and infections of respiratory tract are the most common cause of morbidity and mortality in young children. Acute respiratory infection is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in under-five children in developing countries. Hence, this study was undertaken to identify various modifiable risk factors for acute lower respiratory tract infections (ALRI) in children aged 2 months to 5 years. Hospital-based case–control study conducted at Basaveshwar and Sangameshwar General Hospital, both attached to MR Medical College, Gulbarga. The study period was 1½ a year from January 01, 2012 to June 30, 2013. Totally 200 ALRI cases fulfilling WHO criteria for pneumonia, in the age group of 2 months to 5 years were interrogated for potential modifiable risk factors as per a predesigned proforma. 200 healthy control children in the same age group were also interrogated. In 67 (33.5%) cases, prelacteal feeds were given compared to 28 (14%) controls. There was a significant association with odds ratio of 3.09 (95% confidence interval for prelacteal feeds. In 48 (24.0%) cases, exclusive breast feeding was given for <4 months, in 40 (20.0%) for 4-6 months, and in 26 (13.0%) cases breast feeding was given for more than 6 months. Socio-demographic factors represent the ultimate determinants of a large proportion of the burden of ALRI; these can be tackled through effective health education of the community, increased access to immunization and measures to improve female literacy.

Pages: 109-113
D. Dhanalakshmi (Department of Applied Psychology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India)

Nonverbal learning disability (NLD) is a distinct subtype of learning disabilities wherein the child may have average to above average verbal skills, but in conjunction with pronounced visual, motor, social and academic difficulties. This condition occurs in a small percentage of children but presents a significant challenge - one that often becomes more complex with time. Despite these concerns regarding NLD, or NLD as it is commonly known, awareness about it is relatively low. This lack of awareness has led to many children with NLD being unfairly accused of truancy and acting out or being wrongly diagnosed and treated for conditions like attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. The current paper aimed to provide a detailed theoretical overview of NLD in order to generate awareness about it. The paper provides a detailed overview of this condition, its historical background and its clinical presentation. An elaboration of the biological correlates and their association to the manifested deficits is also provided. Certain basic guidelines for those dealing with children with NLD are provided as well.

Pages: 117-119
Anupama Sihag and J.S. Bidlan (Department of Psychology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India)

Healthcare sector has always been an area of interest among researchers. The healthcare staff is physically and emotionally so exhausted that it results in occupational stress and hence burnout. The present study was conducted on a sample of 600 healthcare professionals from the private hospitals of Delhi, NCR. The sample included nursing, support staff (security, pharmacy, front office, housekeeping, and dietetics/food and beverages staff) and doctors with equal number of male and female participants. The occupational stress index and Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Service Survey were the measures used in the study. The case studies revealed immense pressure, workload and sufferings of the healthcare professionals.

Pages: 127-132
Sheela M. Nicklavos and Joy R. Tungol (Department of Psychology, The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines)

Recurrent violence can bring psychological trauma and instill long lasting effects on individuals and society. In 2008, the state of Odisha succumbed to the cruelest “communal violence” ever faced by the Christian community in post-independent India, leaving many survivors with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. There are no known psychological researches conducted among the Dalit Christian survivors of this communal violence to assess their PTSD symptoms. The focus of this study is to investigate the PTSD symptoms among rural, illiterate and least educated and low-income category of the adult women survivors who are seldom part of any research. Hence, the PTSD measures harvard trauma questionnaire (HTQ) Part I, Part IV, and PCLC were translated to Oriya, the language of the survivors. A total of 211 adult women survivors of communal violence were assessed. The results show that communal violence and social factors affected in the development and maintenance of PTSD symptoms among the participants. The findings of our study indicate that among the female adult survivors of communal violence there is prevalence of high PTSD (28.9%) as measured by PCLC and (26.5%) as measured by HTQ.

Pages: 138-142
Nargess Zamani (Department of Clinical Psychology, Center for Injury Prevention Psychosocial, Medical University of Ilam, Ilam, Iran)
Mojtaba Habibi (Department of Family Therapy, Family Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran)
Roghieh Nooripour (Department of Psychology, Al-Zahra University, Tehran, Iran)
Ali Derakhtkar (Department of Psychology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran)

Bruxism is one of the most prevalent illnesses of sleeping which the teeth or the jaw of the attacked people will lock and cause to other problems. Hence, this research is done in order to measure the outbreak of bruxism in sleeping of three to seven-year-old Sisters and brothers suffering developmental and externalizing and internalizing disorders. In one sectional survey, 261 children suffering developmental and externalizing and internalizing disorders were selected by accessible sampling who were referring to Pastor hostelry clinic, Imam Khomeini clinic, private clinics of child neurologists, autism welfare centers, physical-motor disabled welfare centers. The diagnosis of bruxism was based on the criteria of American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM) from the reports of parents. For gathering data, Persian version of the children’s sleep habits questionnaire (CSHQ), preschool behavior questionnaire were used these questionnaires were filled by parents and analyzed using the chi-square test. Of 261 children who were under study, 18% of them are suffering developmental disorders, 6.89% suffering internalizing disorders, 6.14% suffering externalizing disorders, and from those suffering externalizing disorders,

Pages: 156-160
Davinder Singh Johal and Ritu Mehta (Department of Psychology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India)

This study was conducted to study the behavioral problems and its relationship with peer pressure. The study was also aimed to study the gender differences. For this purpose, a sample of 200 adolescents (Boys: n=112 and Girls n=88) was selected from the different school of Amritsar city. Problem behavior checklist and the peer pressure inventory were used to assess the behavioral problems and peer pressure respectively. The findings of the study suggest that peer pressure has a significant relationship with behavioral problems. These findings also indicate that girls have shown problems of anxiety and withdrawal, whereas boys are more inflicted with conduct problems, problems of socialized aggression and motor tension excess. Boys are more under pressure in terms of peer involvement and misconduct, whereas girls are more under pressure for school involvement.

Pages: 161-166
Bijender Singh Alahawat (Department of Psychology, M.D. University, Rohtak, Haryana India)

A good news for the World that in 2011 there were more than 500,000 fewer deaths to human immunodeficiency virus-acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV-AIDS) than there were in 2005, and further, the number of AIDS-related deaths will be declined by nearly one-third during that time across the globe. Yet the HIV-AIDS disease is a serious challenge worldwide including India. In this light, through the study, the researcher analysis the psychological distress (PD) in HIV-AIDS patients in 1st and 2nd stage along with gender and also examine the PD in spouses of cancer patients in 1st and 2nd stage along with gender.

Pages: 167-170
Palak Maheshwari and Gulgoona Jamal (Department of Psychology, Zakir Husain Delhi College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India)

Being an only child has detrimental effects on an individual’s adjustment, personality, and character. Despite growing trends and evidences revealing the strengths of the only child, negative stereotypes about only children persist. To compare the subjective well-being by measuring affect balance, life satisfaction, self-esteem and global self-concept in case of only children and children with siblings. Cross-sectional comparison between groups. Group 1 (30 children with siblings) and Group 2 (30 only children) of age group 14-17 years; school students were examined and compared for affect balance, life satisfaction, self-esteem, and self-appraisals in looks, performance in sports, performance in school and peer relationship. Only children showed significantly low positive affect, higher negative affect, low affect balance, and low life satisfaction when compared to children with siblings but did not differ significantly in case of self-esteem. In self-appraisals, for looks, performance in school and popularity among peers, only children showed significantly higher ideal self and for school performance, significantly higher social and real self-conception than the children with siblings.

Pages: 172-175
Vibhuti Gupta, and N.K. Chadha (Department of Psychology, university of Delhi, Delhi)

The present research aims to examine the relationship between spirituality (daily spiritual experiences & per- ceived closeness to God) and well being (life satisfaction, self esteem & quality of life). The sample consisted of 171 participants from Delhi NCR region aged between 45 to 89 years. Pearson product moment correlation was used to investigate relationship among the study variables. For predicting the effect of spirituality (daily spiritual experiences & perceived closeness to God) on well being of the participants, simple linear regression was used. The analysis showed that daily spiritual experiences and perceived closeness to God correlated positively and significantly with the total well being score and were significant predictors of well being. Perceived closeness to God was a stronger predictor of well being as compared to daily spiritual experiences. The results are discussed in light of existing research.