Indian Journal of Health and Wellbeing

Pages: 1732-1735
Deepa Ghosh (Department of Psychology, N. S. Mahavidyalaya, Udaipur, Tripura)

The study aimed at examining the attitude of the boys and girls students and male employed and unemployed persons towards Dowry. The study was conducted on 154 individuals. Among them 84 college students (boys-50; girls-34) were selected from three different degree colleges of Tripura and 70 male persons (35 employed and 35 umemployed) were selected from different strata of the society. The age of the college students ranged between 19-21 years whereas the ages of all the employed and unemployed persons were above 30 years. For the purpose of data collection, the Dowry Attitude Scale (DAS) was utilized. The test retest reliability coefficient and validity of the scale are 0.88 and 0.89 respectively. The study revealed that the girls possess favourable attitude towards dowry. Further, significant difference was found between the attitude of the boys and girls college students. No significant difference was evident between the attitude of the male employed and unemployed persons towards dowry. Surprisingly, all the groups possess favourable attitude towards dowry.

Pages: 1739-1741
S. Goutami (Devi Ahilya Vishwavidyalaya, Indore, Madhya Pradesh)

Memory is a central process of human and animal behavior. Generally research areas cover Memory applications, Memory Development, Memory processes, Memory systems and related processes. Present study aims at investigating how memory can be enhanced by using alternative methods like acupressure. 40 adolescent girls, of age group 17-18 years, chosen by applying accidental sampling for administrating acupressure points for enhancement of memory. t-test was computed, the results highlight that there is significant enhancement of memory of girls with application of acupressure points.

Pages: 1745-1747
Marzieh Ebrahimi (Department of Physical Education, Sports Management, Arsanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arsanjan, Iran)
Younes Mohammadzadeh and Leila Jamshidian (Faculty of Humanities, Arsanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arsanjan, Iran)

The objective of this research was the recreational need assessment of 15 64 Years Old Citizenes in Shiraz City in three dimensions of individual, environmental-social and cultural. The research method was a descriptive survey. The statistical population of the study consisted male and female citizen of Shiraz from which 496 were selected using stage sampling method (appropriate to sample size). The research instrument was a researcher questionnaire containing 65 close ended questions. The reliability of the questionnaire proved to be 0/96 using Cornbrash's alpha coefficient and validity of the questionnaire was a superficial and content validity. The data was analyzed both through descriptive (frequency, percentage and standard deviation) and inferential (one-variable t-test, Independent-sample t-test, One way analyzed of variance, LSD test and Freidman) statistics. Analysis of the findings revealed that the most important recreational needs of Shiraz citizens are the need for recreational programs for adolescents considering the individual dimension with the average of 4/06, the need for recreational facilities part in (parking, enough light and recreational facilities) considering the environmental - social dimension with the average of 4/12, and the need for places to hold sport classes considering cultural dimension with the average of 3/86.The recreational needs of citizens were above the average in all three dimensions. No meaningful difference was seen in citizens, recreational needs in the three dimensions regarding age, sex and income. A meaningful difference was seen among recreational needs in individual dimension considering education, marital status and occupation. In addition, there was a meaningful difference among recreational needs in environmental-social dimension regarding owning a car. The most obstacles for participating in recreational program was the distance between recreational places and living place.

Pages: 1751-1756
Monika Jain, Payal Jain, and Khushboo Gupta (Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Banasthali University, Rajasthan)

Diabetes mellitus is a common and serious health issue in older people and there is a significant and troubling association between diabetes mellitus (DM) and functional impairment in the elderly. Diabetes is also often associated with a lower rate of health recovery and with a feeling of weakness. Individuals with DM are prone to functional disability due to many reasons such as decreased sensorimotor function, neuromuscular/ musculoskeletal deficits, foot and body pain and pharmacological and related complications. Physical activity is recommended by physicians and clinicians to type- II diabetic elderly patients, as it increases sensitivity to insulin. To implement preventive policies for reduction in functional disability in older diabetic people, the role of diabetes in the disability process should be investigated. DM is consistently associated with a greater prevalence of functional impairment as well as with a progression in disability states and may be considered as a brake on recovery phase. This association is partially explained by existing complications, associated conditions (obesity, hypertension and depression), treatment burden and other social characteristics (lower income and lower educational level). In this review, our aim is to describe the role of DM in the functional disability in older people and to identify possibilities of functional disability prevention in elderly people. Thus, DM may be considered as a frailty factor in geriatric population. However, the reasons and mechanisms of these deleterious effects of diabetes on functional inability need to be clarified.

Pages: 1760-1763
Pooja V. Anand (Department of Psychology, Daulat Ram College, University of Delhi, Delhi)

Recent developments in positive psychology can be applied to develop a positive psychology of aging. One of the most important constructs in positive psychology is emotional intelligence. Emotional intelligence refers to the perception, understanding and management of one's own and others' emotions. It is important for psychologists to understand the application and usefulness of emotional intelligence. Because of the aging population, Gerontology, the study of ageing, is an important field to explore the applications of emotional intelligence. Traditionally, the negative aspects of old age have been emphasized. However, recent empirical evidence is emerging that highlights the less recognized skills, potentials, and skills of older adults especially with respect to how they understand and manage their emotions. Hence, more research on the applications of emotional intelligence to Gerontology is advocated.

Pages: 1767-1769
Maryam Talebi (Family Therapy, Family Institute Shahid Beheshti University, G.C., Tehran, Iran)
Roghieh Nooripour (Family Counseling, Shahid Beheshti University, G.C., Tehran, Iran)
Hossein Taghizadeh (Department of Psychology, Tehran Universeity, Iran)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of group counseling based on cognitive-behavioral on mental health in gifted students. In this study, The population consisted of all mal gifted high school students' in babol city, 24 students were randomly selected and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) tested, Then randomly divided into two groups (n=12) and controls (n=12). Group counseling based on cognitive-behavioral during 8 sessions, each sessions 2 hour for test group were presented. Data analysis was done through the independent, dependent t-test and analysis of covariance. comparison of the results of tests on the pre-test and post-test showed group counseling based on cognitive-behavioral significantly increase mental health components students in the experimental group compared with the control group. As a result, group counseling based on cognitive-behavioral can be used as an effective intervention to increased the mental health of gifted students by counselors and psychotherapists.

Pages: 1773-1775
Sareh Rahimi (Young Researchers Club, Arsanjan branch Islamic Azad University, Arsanjan, Iran)
Marzieh Ebrahimi (Sports Management, Arsanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arsanjan, Iran)
Younes Mohammadzadeh (Faculty ofHumanities, Arsanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arsanjan, Iran)

In fact, human beings are always facing the most basic needs which are the driving force of their movements, actions, and behaviors. People have different needs concerning living conditions, family, age, education, and job. So they behave according to the needs they are facing. Therefore, an analysis of humans' basic needs provides a better understanding of causes and motivations behind individuals' behavioral and this understanding is an essential step in providing suitable education as well as reducing the behavioral and psychological problems. Like all other municipal communities, Shiraz has been affected during the past half-century by changes such as the industrial revolution and the development of technology. Besides, such changes have both positive and negative consequences. The objective of this research was the recreational need assessment of 15- 64 Years Old Citizenes in Shiraz City in three dimensions of individual, environmental-social and cultural. The research method was a descriptive survey. The statistical population of the study consisted male and female citizen of Shiraz from which 496 were selected using stage sampling method (appropriate to sample size). The research instrument was a researcher questionnaire containing 65 close ended questions. The reliability of the questionnaire proved to be 0/96 using Cornbrash's alpha coefficient and validity of the questionnaire was a superficial and content validity. The data was analyzed both through descriptive (frequency, percentage and standard deviation) and inferential (one-variable t-test, Independent-sample t-test, One way analyzed of variance, LSD test and Freidman) statistics.

Pages: 1779-1783
Neelam (Vocational Counsellor, BPSGMC, Khanpur Kalan, Sonepat, Haryana)
Jogender Singh (Department of Sociology, M.D.U., Rohtak, Haryana)
Neeti Rani (Physiotherapist, BPSGMC Khanpur, Kalan, Sonepat, Haryana)

Persons with Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) are subject to variety of psychosocial consequences, which can be more harmful than the other medical difficulties they have. The present study was mainly aimed at understanding the coping processes used by patients with Ankylosing spondylitis. For this, 100 patients of Anklyosing Spondylitis aged 18 to 30 years were selected from PGIMS, Rohtak and BPSGMC, khanpur Kalan, Sonepat to participate in the study along with 100 normal controls. Data were collected by administering Folkman and Lazarus' Ways of Coping Questionnaire. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics (Mean, SD, SK, and KU) to ascertain the normalcy of data, t-ratios to compare the two groups in terms of their mean scores of eight measures of coping, and Discriminant Function Analysis to examine the joint contribution of all the eight variables in differentiation of two groups. Results revealed that patients with AS scored significantly low on Confrontive Coping, Self Controlling, Seeking Social Support, Accepting Responsibility, Planful Problem Solving, and Positive Reappraisal. In Discriminant Analysis, Positive Reappraisal, Self Controlling, and Distancing emerged most potent discriminators classifying the two groups correctly by 83.5%. Overall findings revealed the patients with AS to be significantly low on both the problem-focused and emotion-focused ways of coping.

Pages: 1787-1789
Kr. Sajid Ali Khan and Vijayshri (Department of Psychology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, UP)

Alcohol is one of the most widely used drug substances in the world. For many people, drinking alcohol is nothing more than a pleasant way to relax. People with alcohol use disorders, however, drink to excess, endangering both themselves and others. In the mental health area alcoholism is caused mostly by depression, anxiety and stress, on the other hand it also leads to depression and stress. The present study aims to compare depression and anxiety among alcoholics and non- alcoholics. It was assumed that depression and anxiety may be the risk factors for alcoholism. A sample of 100 people (50 alcoholics and 50 non-alcoholics) was randomly selected from Delhi. Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) were used to collect data on depression and anxiety. t-test was administered to compare two groups. The result of the study showed that alcoholic group was higher on depression as well as anxiety than the non alcoholic group, and it was also found that there is no clear cut casual relationship between alcoholism and depression and anxiety.

Pages: 1794-1798
Taruna and Sandeep Singh (Department of Applied Psychology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, Haryana)

Negative emotions are primarily the most common reasons when adolescents seek psychological and pysychiatric assistance and treatment. Amongst the adolescents, it is common to experience the negative emotions of depression, hopelessness, guilt, shame and humiliation. Notably, the negative emotions of depression and hopelessness are the major and most commonly found negative emotions among the adolescent age group. Various therapeutic intervention programmes are available and applied to manage the depression amongst the adolescents. DBT is a comprehensive and extended form of cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) for complex, difficult-to-treat mental disorders (Linehan, 1993a, 1993b). DBT and its adapted and extended forms have evolved into treatment for various psychiatric disorders such as, substance dependence with borderline personality disorder( Linehan, Schmidt, Dimeff, Craft, Kanter, & Comtois, 1999), binge eating(Telch et al,in press), depressed suicidal adolescents( Rathus & Miller,2000), depressed elderly( Lynch,2000) and to variety of inpatients and outpatient psychiatric clinical settings. The primary objective of the present research study was to observe the effect of adapted form of dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) for the management of negative emotion of depression and hopelessness amongst adolescents. In the present study authors kept 20 participants on therapeutic intervention for the period of one year. The participants recorded to have high levels of depression on the measure of Beck Depression Inventory- II (BDI-II) and high levels of hopelessness on the measure of Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS). Participants were trained exclusively on the skills training modules of DBT in individual as well as group settings and their post intervention assessment of depression and hopelessness levels were recorded with the respective tools after every four months ( baseline, four, eight and twelve months) respectively. Descriptive statistical analysis (mean and standard deviation) and paired t-test was used to test the significance of mean. The results obtained from the present study recorded the significant decrease in the mean depression and hopelessness scores from baseline to twelve months (end of therapeutic intervention). The results obtained from the present study revealed that DBT has a significant role in managing the negative emotions of depression and hopelessness amongst adolescent. It primarily improves the basic interpersonal skills of an individual and teaches to regulate and express the emotionality mindfully.

Pages: 182-184
N. Munirajamma (Department of Psychology, S.P.W. Degree & P.G. College, Tirupati, A.P.)

A study was carried out on 90 students (8th, 9th & 10th class) and their parents to find out the effect of parents' marital satisfaction on the mental health of their children. Marital satisfaction of the parents' was assessed using “Marital Satisfaction Scale” developed by Prathyusha (1987) and Mental Health status of the children was assessed using “Mental Health Inventory” developed by Thorpe and Clark (1959). Results revealed that marital satisfaction of parents significantly affects the mental health status of their children. Children from nuclear families of parents with high marital satisfaction are mentally healthier than the children of parents with low marital satisfaction.

Pages: 190-192
Tejbeer Kaur (Department of Psychology, Punjabi University, Patiala)

The present investigation evaluates the difference in awareness between the pre-tutorial and post-tutorial in adolescents. It assessed knowledge and sources of information about Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome in a sample of 50 students using AIDS awareness test. The most common sources are television, newspaper, magazine and friends but they did not heard of AIDS from parents, teachers and doctors which could be an extremely effective medium to reach people. It revealed that the knowledge of and information about HIV/AIDS amongst the adolescents is grossly inadequate. It needs to undertake intensive health education efforts at school levels as this group is most vulnerable to get HIV infection due to lack of knowledge and misconception about the deadly virus. Implications for policy makers and educators are discussed.

Pages: 196-199
Hardeep Lal Joshi and Prem Poonam (Department of Psychology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra)

The aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between Attachment Style, Personality and Interpersonal Relations among Indian youth. The sample for the study comprised of 409 youth (205 male and 204 female). The age of the sample range from 17 to 20 years with mean age of 18 years. Attachment Style Questionnaire, 16 Personality Factors Questionnaire and Interpersonal Relationship Scale were administered. The main objectives of the study were to examine the relationship between Attachment Style, Personality and Interpersonal Relations and to find out the predictors of Interpersonal Relations. To meet the objectives of the study, the data was subjected to Pearson product moment correlation and multiple regression analysis. Results showed significant positive correlation between Attachment Style and Personality Factors, between Attachment Style and Interpersonal Relations and Personality and Interpersonal Relations. Multiple regression analysis found three predictors of Interpersonal Relations. Two of the predictors, i.e. TP and AN are from Personality and one i.e. CRTO from Attachment Style. The three predictors explain 15% of the total variance. It can be concluded that Attachment Style and Personality predicts Interpersonal Relations.