Indian Journal of Health and Wellbeing

Pages: 213-216
David Bennett and Roquel Hylton (School of Business and Management, University of the Commonwealth Caribbean)

With a dramatic increase in the shortage of nurses in the Caribbean, the issue of organizational commitment is very imperative for retaining these nurses. This paper attempts to determine the relationship between the predictability in organizational commitment in terms of the components of job satisfaction including extrinsic and intrinsic satisfaction among nurses working in a healthcare facility/hospital in the Caribbean. Data were collected from 100 nurses in two public multi-disciplinary hospitals in the Caribbean, using a self administered questionnaire. The sampling technique used for the study was convenience sampling. The questionnaire used in the study had three sections: A Personal Data Form, Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ), and Klein Unidimensional Targetfree (KUT) scale. The Person Data Form component of the survey consisted of characteristics such as gender, level of education, and years working at the hospital (duration of work). In the study there was a stronger positive correlation between the extrinsic satisfaction components for nurses and organizational commitment, rs (100) = 0.644 p < .01, than the intrinsic satisfaction components of job satisfaction for nurses and organizational commitment, rs (100) =0.403, p < 0.01. The findings of this study should assist hospital managers/leaders to examine these factors in nursing practice to achieve a higher level of retention among Caribbean nurses.

Pages: 221-225
Shahla Habibi, Aminallah Fazel, and Mahbobeh Fouladchang (Department of Psychology, Arsanjan Branch Islamic Azad University, Arsanjan, Iran)

The aim of this study was to investigate marital satisfaction, mental health and stress in culturally employed women and non-employed women in Shiraz in 2006. In the present study, a sample of 200 employed and non-employed women was selected. Enrich questionnaire with 47 questions was used to measure marital satisfaction, GHQ questionnaire with 28 questions was used to measure mental health and 65-point questionnaire was used to assess stress. The results show that there was a positive and significant relationship between marital satisfaction and general health. There is also a negative relationship between marital satisfaction and stress. There was a significant negative relationship between stress and general health. There was no significant difference between marital satisfaction of employed and non-employed women. There was a significant difference between the general health of employed and non-employed women, meaning that the general health of unemployed women was higher than that of employed women. There was also a significant difference between the stress of employed women and nonemployed women, meaning that the general health of unemployed women was higher than that of employed women. There was also a significant difference between the stress of employed and unemployed women, so that the stress of employed women was more than unemployed women.

Pages: 229-232
Neeraj (Department of Psychology, D.J. College Baraut, Baghpat, Uttar Pradesh)

The present study aimed at determining the effect of industrial environment on health status, mood states and wellbeing among workers in sugar factory. The final sample was consisted of 120 male respondents (60 factory workers & 60 non-factory workers) with the help of purposive sampling method from west Uttar-Pradesh. Age of the subjects ranged from 25 to 35 years. The Mood-States questionnaire constructed and standardized by Kapoor and Bhargave, CMI health questionnaire by Prasad and Verma, Well-being scale by Rai and Gupta were used. The data was analysed using Mean, S.D. and t value. The findings of the research revealed that the factory workers having low well-being scores than that of non factory workers. The results indicate that the analyses of scores as different mood states dimensions explicates that the factory workers have higher mean scores than that of non factory workers. Similarly, the findings of the investigation indicate that there is a significant difference in the health scores of factory workers and non factory workers. These results are discussed in the light of theoretical and empirical studies.

Pages: 236-239
Sanya Aggarwal (Delhi Public School, R.K. Puram, New Delhi)

Although there is a lot of ongoing research on understanding the clinical features and management of the COVID19 epidemic as it spreads, there has been relatively little concern about the effect of the pandemic on one's mental health. Using a mailing questionnaire process, I investigated the cognitive effect of the pandemic and explanations for higher levels of stress and anxiety in high school students in this research report. The majority of the participants cited social alienation and online education as the primary causes of their frustration and helplessness. These results support the hypothesis that the pandemic has a detrimental effect on students' mental and physical wellbeing, resulting in low productivity and irritability.

Pages: 243-246
Priyanka Jangra and C.K. Singh (Department of Human Development and Family Studies Choudhry Chran Singh Haryana Agriculture University, Hisar, Haryana)

Mental health is a state of well-being in which an individual realizes his or her own abilities, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and is able to make a contribution to his or her community. Force employee wellbeing is an important factor in quality, performance and productivity. Life and job satisfaction is a 'general attitude towards one's life and job'. It describes how satisfied an employee is with his or her work and life. Common aspects of job and life satisfaction are: awareness, communication, co-workers, benefits, personal work conditions, organization itself, organizational policies and procedures, pay, personal growth, promotional opportunities, recognition, safety and monitoring .Research has been carried out focusing on specific factor of life satisfaction that affect well-being of police personnel. A simple randomized testing procedure was used to select a sample of 240 police officers in the state of Haryana. General Well-Being Scale developed and standardized by Chauhan and Didwania (2015) was used to assess the Well-Being of police personnel. General Well Being Scale comprised of 50 statements having 5 response alternatives. Life satisfaction scale (LSS) developed by Alam and Shrivastava (2001) was used to measure life satisfaction and for data collection. Step wise regression was used to find the significant difference or life satisfaction among police personnel for assessing the well-being. It was found that most significant variable of well-being like social (beta=0.11), economic (beta=0.21), health (beta=0.19), job(beta=0.21), personal (beta=0.01), marital (beta=0.74) and composite life satisfaction(beta=0.28) were on the topmost of the list and also there was significant difference among life-satisfaction and well-being of police personnel.

Pages: 132-135
Sheshank Gangwar (ASMC, Shahjhanpur, Uttar Pradesh)
Poonam (Clinical Psychologist (Varun Arjun Medical College & Rohilkhand Clinical Psychologist (Varun Arjun Medical College & Rohilkhand Hospital, Shahjhanpur, Uttar Pradesh) Rohtash ( Clinical Psychologist, ASMC, Shahjhanpur, Uttar Pradesh)
Arunima Gupta (Department of Psychology, M.D.U, Rohtak, Haryana)

The coronavirus crisis and the restrictive measures that many countries are taking to contain the outbreak can have a negative impact on people's mental health and well-being. Isolation, physical distancing, the closure of schools and workplaces are some of the challenges which affected almost everyone causing trauma, stress, anxiety, fear, uncertainty, depression, grief and loneliness during lockdown period. The consequence on mental health seems to be instant that would carry on for a longer period of time. It becomes imperative to make an attempt in analyzing the well-being of general population. The aim of this study was to assess the psychological well-being of general population during covid-19 lockdown period. This study included 60 healthy individuals (30 male and 30 female) within the age group 20 to 50 years who were assessed through online survey from Mid-April to Mid-June. Psychological General Well-being Index was administered to assess the psychological well-being. Results were analyzed by using descriptive methods which indicated anxiety, depressed mood and psychological well-being to be moderately high in participants but on self-control, vitality and general health they were found to be average. Further significant gender differences were also evident on various dimensions of psychological well-being. The implications are discussed.

Pages: 121-123
Anupama Sihag (Department of Psychology G.M.N. College, Ambala Cantt, Haryana)

Personality and politics are at the nexus of research trends in India and abroad. Personality of voters and political leader has an influence on the voting behavior during elections. Behavioral scientist focusses on “why” of the behavior, i.e. why people vote the way they vote. Voters, during elections get influenced by various factors depending upon heir own personality type. Under the IMPRESS, ICSSR (MHRD) funded project “Psychological Correlates of Political Behavior”, this study was done on a sample of 900 respondents from the various constituencies of Haryana. There are two aspects that needs to be assessed between the personality and political behavior in terms of voting i.e. relationship and causation. A study focused on finding the personality correlates of political behavior is oriented more towards the causation. Harnessing the data from Neo-Five questionnaire and survey form, the causative relationship between the personality dimensions and voting behavior was analyzed. Binomial Regression results indicate that openness to experience, agreeableness, and conscientiousness added significantly with values p = .049, p = .0001 and p = .001 respectively. Whereas extraversion (p = .281), neuroticism (p = .289) did not add significantly. Results indicate that openness, agreeableness and conscientiousness significantly contributed towards voting behavior.

Pages: 111-115
Parul Kalia (Department of Human Development and Family Studies, College of Community Science Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab)
Sarita Saini (Department of Human Development and Family Studies, College of Community Science Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab)
Deepika Vig (Department of Human Development and Family Studies, College of Community Science Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab)

Family caregivers have played an important role in our society for granting care to the aged. They are playing crucial role in our care system by providing a significant quantity of health and long-term care for the aged person, chronically ill and disabled. The act of care-giving is not an easy task and can become more tedious when one is caring for a family member who is solely depending on the primary caregiver for everything. This situation could be the reason for many challenges which can affect the quality of life of the primary caregivers. The present research has made an attempt to assess the burden of stress among the family caregivers across varying stages of adulthood who were primarily responsible for care of dependent elderly. The sample included 60 families of primary caregivers who were taking care of the dependent elderly in their family from the Ludhiana city. The Zarate Burden Interview developed by Zarit et al. (1980) was used to measure the burden of stress on caregivers. The results reflected a major proportion of primary caregivers experiencing severe level of stress along with statistically significant differences between primary caregivers of young and middle adulthood stage.

Pages: 100-105
Rabina Debbarma (Department of Psychology, Annamalai University, Tamil Nadu)
G. Umadevi (Department of Psychology, Annamalai University, Tamil Nadu)

The present study is performed to examine and understand the impact of internet usage has on adolescents and how they can self-regulate it. In this work, we have highlighted the impact of demographic variables like age, gender, place of living, and parental education. For the study, 200 students were chosen as sample subjects; with their age ranging from 15 to 17 years. Internet Addiction test (IAT) developed by Young (1996) and self-regulation questionnaire (SRQ) devised by Brown, Miller and Lawendowski (1999) were used for data collection.In this study, a statistical analysis such as mean(M), standard deviation (SD), t-test, and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) is applied by using Statistical Package of Social Science (SPSS) 20 version. We have found in our study that the age of the subject has a determining factor in self-regulation towards internet addiction. It is also found that the self-regulation regarding internet usage among students differ based on their place of livelihood. It is observed that the father’s educational qualification impacts the self-regulation ability to the internet usage among the sampled students. Whereas the mother’s educational qualification has an impact on the students problematic internet usage. The results have shown that the self-regulation and internet addiction to be negatively correlated.

Pages: 83-92
Rashmi Ranjan Behera (Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal)
Junmoni Borgohain (Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal)
Chirashree Srabani Rath (Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal)
Priyadarshi Patnaik (Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal)

The nationwide lockdown to control Covid-19 spread has rendered millions of female domestic workers in India jobless, and exposed this already vulnerable category to hunger, starvation and even death. The 250-300 odd female domestic workers dependent on residents of Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur campus also found themselves in this financial predicament owning to the complete lockdown for three months. The purpose of this study is to assess mental well-being level of female domestic workers serving residents within IIT Kharagpur campus during three months of complete lockdown. This study also examines if their resilience had any impact on their well-being, and finally investigates factors that helped them stay positive and contributed to their well-being during the lockdown. This study employed a mixed methodology drawing on quantitative and qualitative data from 45 female domestic workers, aged 21-61 years. Data were collected using WHO-5, BRS and participant survey including an open-ended question. Descriptive statistics, correlation, multiple regression and thematic content analysis were used for data analysis. Wellbeing among domestic workers was found to be moderate. Quantitative and quantitative analysis suggested that 'spending time with family during lockdown,' 'getting sound sleep,' receiving help from employers' and 'personally helping someone in need' predicted well-being of domestic workers during lockdown. Age and domestic violence were negative predictors of well-being. Other determinants of wellbeing during the lockdown according to qualitative analysis included 'safety of family members,' 'relief,' 'social support,' 'social engagement,' 'generosity of employers,' 'forced abstinence from alcohol and gambling by spouses', 'rest' and 'care from family members'. While resilience correlated with well-being, it was not found to predict wellbeing. The mean well-being level of domestic workers at IIT Kharagpur, contrary to expectations, -was found to be above the critical 13 point, and they seemed to be better off than those reported in various media, owing to sustained financial support by their employers at IIT Kharagpur and relief material provided by IIT Kharagpur. This suggests the importance of supportive contexts which can significantly affect the well-being of vulnerable communities and people working in informal sector, even during lockdown.

Pages: 73-78
Aziz Ansah (Department of Mental Health Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Allied Sciences University of Cape Coast,Ghana)
Humphrey Danso Bamfo (Department of Education and Psychology, Faculty of Educational Foundations College of Education Studies, University of Cape Coast, Ghana)
Anthony K. Nkyi (Department of Guidance and Counselling Faculty of Educational Foundations, College of Education Studies, University of Cape Coast. Ghana)

The study examined non-adherence to psychotropic medications among persons living with mental disorders at the Ankaful Psychiatric Hospital, Ghana. The descriptive cross-sectional design was adopted for the study. The convenience sampling technique was used to select 100 participants for the study. The Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8) by Morisky was adopted for this study. The Cronbach's alpha for the scale was 0.83. Pretest with Crobach's alpha was 0.8. Frequencies, percentages, means and standard deviations and Pearson's correlations were used to analyzethe data. The findings of the study showed that non-adherence to psychotropic medications is relatively prevalent among psychiatric patients at the Ankaful Psychiatric Hospital and that educational level of participants could be used to predict nonadherence to psychotropic medication. Age and marital status were not positively correlated with nonadherence to psychotropic medication. Patients reported that the items outlined on the instrument were not the causative factors for non-adherence to medication. It is recommended that the Ministry of Health (MoH), Ghana Health Services (GHSs) and Mental Health Authorities (MHAs) should sensitize individuals in the community especially mentally ill patients on the need to adhere to the medications.

Pages: 63-68
Jasmeen Kaur (Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab)
Asha Chawla (Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab)
Deepika Vig (Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab)

The present study was conducted to assess the association of aggression and family environment among rural and urban adolescents. A total sample of 240 adolescents (120 rural & 120 urban) in the age range of 16-18 years was randomly drawn from four Government Senior Secondary Schools of rural and urban area of Ludhiana district. Aggression Scale by Mathur and Bhatnagar (1995) and Family Environment Scale by Bhatia and Chadha (1993) were used to measure the aggression and family environment of the adolescents. The results revealed that both rural and urban adolescents had average level of aggression. Urban adolescents showed high level of aggression as compared to rural adolescents. The results also demonstrated that family environment affected aggressive behavior of adolescents. Perception levels for various dimensions of family environment were different in urban and rural respondents. Significant locale differences in mean scores were found in expressiveness, conflict, independence, active-recreational orientation and control dimension of family environment. Aggression had negative but significant correlation with cohesion and acceptance and caring in urban adolescents.

Pages: 57-59
Binita Dhungel (Mental Hospital, Lagankhel, Nepal)
Manisha Chapagain (Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Maharajgunj Medical Campus, Kathmandu, Nepal)
Sagun Ballav Pant (Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Maharajgunj Medical Campus, Kathmandu, Nepal)
Suman Prasad Adhikari (Nepalese Army Institute of Health Sciences, Bhandarkhal, Kathmandu)
Trishna Ghosh Chettri (Mental Hospital, Lagankhel, Nepal)
Ananta Prasad Adhikari (National Academy of Medical Sciences, Mental Hospital, Lagankhel, Nepal)
Sudip Aryal (Mental Hospital, Lagankhel, Nepal)

Greater indulgence into use of nicotine either via smoked or smokeless form in patients with schizophrenia has been accounted in literature numerous times. Prevalence studies of use and dependence of nicotine are less. Thus this study aimed to find more about use and dependence of nicotine and readiness to quit among schizophrenic patients. Ninety seven patients with Schizophrenia were studied. A hospital based, descriptive, cross sectional study was done at Department of Psychiatry, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital (TUTH). To screen the nicotine users WHO STEPS was used. For smokers Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence was used and for smokeless tobacco users Modified Fagerström-Smokeless Tobacco was used. Assessment of Motivation: Readiness to Quit Ladder was applied to assess motivation. Twentieth version of Statistical package for social science (SPSS-20) was used to analyze data. Among 97 patients enrolled in the study, 55.7% used tobacco in one form or the other. Smoked tobacco only was used by 50% whereas 27.8% used both smokeless and smoked tobacco. Moderate nicotine dependence was found in 77.7% of smokers whereas 53.3% of combined users were highly dependent. Readiness to quit median value was four. It was found to be statistically significant (p<0.05). It was found that in schizophrenics prevalence of nicotine use and dependence is high. Increased tendency to retain nicotine using habits was seen when both smoked and smokeless tobacco were consumed.