Indian Journal of Health and Wellbeing

Pages: 149-153
Harprit Kaur and Abhishek Mahajan (Department of Psychology, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab)

To assess and compare metacognition and its dimensions in patients with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder. The aim of the present study was to explore metacognition and its dimensions in individuals with obsessive compulsive disorder and the total sample consisted of 50 participants (N=50), out of which 25 were individuals with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (n=25) and 25 were the healthy controls (n=25) with the age range of 18-45 years. The participants were recruited from various psychiatric hospitals, Pathankot in Punjab region. All the participants were clinically interviewed to establish the diagnosis with the help of Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale and General Health Questionnaire-12 was used for healthy controls. They were compared on variables i.e. metacognition and its dimensions with the help of Meta-Cognition Questionnaire-30. Thereafter data was entered in SPSS version 23 and independent sample t-test and Pearson product moment correlation were performed on the obtained scores. It was found that metacognition and its dimensions were higher in patients with OCD and also significant positive associations were found among OCD and metacognitive dimensions except for positive beliefs about worry.To assess and compare metacognition and its dimensions in patients with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder. The aim of the present study was to explore metacognition and its dimensions in individuals with obsessive compulsive disorder and the total sample consisted of 50 participants (N=50), out of which 25 were individuals with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (n=25) and 25 were the healthy controls (n=25) with the age range of 18-45 years. The participants were recruited from various psychiatric hospitals, Pathankot in Punjab region. All the participants were clinically interviewed to establish the diagnosis with the help of Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale and General Health Questionnaire-12 was used for healthy controls. They were compared on variables i.e. metacognition and its dimensions with the help of Meta-Cognition Questionnaire-30. Thereafter data was entered in SPSS version 23 and independent sample t-test and Pearson product moment correlation were performed on the obtained scores. It was found that metacognition and its dimensions were higher in patients with OCD and also significant positive associations were found among OCD and metacognitive dimensions except for positive beliefs about worry.

Pages: 159-164
Neera Pant(Department of Psychology, Gargi College, University of Delhi, New Delhi)

The present study has adapted the English version of the Mental Health Literacy questionnaire (MLHq ) developed by Dias, Campos, Almeida, and Palha (2018) by translating and adapting it into Hindi. This will be helpful as presently no test is available in this language to measure Mental Health Literacy (MHL) of young adults. The questionnaire was translated into Hindi with the help of five experts. All were proficient in both Hindi and English and one was a subject expert. The process of forward and backward translation, the most applied process for questionnaires, was used. The sample totalled 450 respondents who answered the questionnaire facilitated by the internet via Google forms using the non-probability sampling technique. The majority of participants were females (73% ) and were in the age group of 18 to 25 years. Twenty-one years was the mean age of the total sample. For adaptation purposes, Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) is the method used to understand the factor structure. This was also chosen for the present adaptation of MLHq into the Hindi version. Three indices were utilised to understand how well the adaptation fitted with the original. These were the comparative fit index (CFI), the goodness of fit index (GFI) and the root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA). It was observed that the results support only a few domains of the original model. The psychometric properties of the scale were also assessed using CFA. The differences in the findings of the Hindi adaptation from the original English version could be due to cultural factors. The research recommends a review of the questionnaire items to align with the Indian cultural inputs.

Pages: 173-177
Shakila Mahesh, Kadambari Harit, Kaja Sai Ragesvari, Manya Jain, Jigyasa Gupta, and Juhi Singhla (Manav Rachna Dental College, FDS, MRIIRS, Faridabad, Haryana)

The emergence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused a pandemic in the modern world. SARS-CoV-2 is a highly mutating virus and thus numerous variants can be seen globally. A cross-sectional survey was conducted to assess the knowledge of not only healthcare professionals and students but also of the general population about the different variants of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The total number of participants that took part in the study was 192. 192 participants took part in the study. Most of the participants were female (63%) between the age group of 19-22 years. The majority of the respondents were Undergraduate medical or dental students (64.06%) followed by the general population (17.7%). During this knowledge assessment, it was seen that the average marks scored were only 5.42 out of 14. Genetic lineage of SARS-CoV-2 have been arising and circulating all over the world since the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of the study was to assess the knowledge and perception of healthcare workers and the general population. It was found that the healthcare workers were more knowledgeable and aware about the variant when compared with general population. This is due to the fact that they play a crucial role in diagnosis, containment, and treatment.

Pages: 182-187
Shephali Sharma1, Uma Mittal2, and Tarika Sharma3 (Department of Psychology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan1,2 and Department of Psychology, St. Wilfred's College for Girls, Jaipur, Rajasthan3)

Alcohol consumption is a phenomenon that is not new to many societies, drinking alcohol is as old as human history itself and its socio-cultural impact on many societies did not begin recently. For some people drinking alcohol is part of fun, curiosity or culture but for some drinking alcohol stems from their belief, failure and their way of explaining events in life. The present study aims to analyze the difference between alcoholics and non-alcoholic adults on attribution style and attitude towards drinking-alcohol. The sample of the study consists of 180 adults (60 alcoholics & 120 non-alcoholics) from Jaipur city selected through purposive sampling method. Out of 60 alcoholics 20 frequent alcoholics and 40 infrequent alcoholics were selected from addiction centre. Participants completed the Attribution Style Questionnaire (Peterson & Seligman, 1982) and Attitude towards Drinking and Alcoholism (Basu, 1998). Data was subjected to F test and t test to study the significant differences in three groups (frequent alcoholics, infrequent alcoholics, & non-alcoholics) on dimensions of attribution style and attitude towards drinking alcohol. Findings revealed that significant difference exists between frequent alcoholics, infrequent alcoholics and non-alcoholics on the dimensions internality and globality of attributional style. Frequent alcoholics tend to attribute their negative life events to internal factors and believe that their problems will persist other spheres of life as well. No significant difference was observed between them on dimension of stability. Frequent alcoholics, infrequent alcoholics and non-alcoholics show significant difference on attitude towards drinking alcohol on acceptance, avoidance and social dimension. No significant difference was obtained on the dimension of rejection towards alcohol. The results of this research will have the potential to yield psychologists and counselors important insights into how cognitive factors contribute to the alcohol consumption in adults.

Pages: 193-196
Dinesh Naik1 and Shubham Sherekar2 (Department of Psychology, NVPM's Arts, Commerce & Science College, Lasalgaon, Nashik, Maharashtra1 and Department of Psychology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune, Maharashtra2)

The aim of the present research was to study fear of missing out (FOMO), narcissism, emotional regulation and social networking addiction among social networking sites (SNS) users which includes Facebook, WhatsApp, Twitter, Instagram, TikTok, etc. The sample (N=64) of SNS users was collected from Pune city through the purposive sampling technique. The sample used in this research ranged from 17 to 21 years (mean age=18.89 years). The tools used in this research were the Fear of Missing out Scale (FoMO) by Przybylski et al. (2013); the Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI-16) by Daniel Ames et al. (2006); Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ) by Gross et al. (2003); and Social Networking Addiction Scale by Shahnawaz, Ganguly, and Zou. The findings showed that impulsivity was positively correlated with fear of missing out as a characteristic of social networking addiction (r= 0.314, p < 0.05). Also, impulsivity was positively correlated with narcissism (r=0.261, p < 0.05). Impulsivity and cognitive reappraisal were negatively correlated with each other (r= - 0.277, p < 0.05). Social networking addiction and fear of missing out were positively correlated with each other (r=0.254, p < 0.05). Also, social networking addiction and cognitive reappraisal negatively correlated with each other (r= -0.286, p < 0.05). Further, the regression analysis shows that fear of missing out predicts 9.8 % of impulsivity in social networking addiction (r square= 0.098). Fear of missing out and cognitive reappraisal together predicted 19 % of impulsivity in social networking addiction (r square= 0.190).

Pages: 202-207
Amita Mor, Jatesh Kathpalia, Rashmi Tyagi, and Vinod Kumari (Department of Sociology, College of Basic Sciences & Humanities, CCS HAU, Hisar, Haryana)

The present study was carried out in the Hisar and Nuh districts of Haryana state in 2020 among 256 aged women living in urban and rural areas. The objectives of the study were to know the nature and extent of social problems faced by elderly women and to know the nature and extent social problems among the elderly women along with socio-economic factors associated with social problems. Twelve types of social problems were explored. The results made it abundantly evident that Hisar (65.60 percent) and Nuh (40.60 percent) districts had the 'medium' level of social difficulties among the majority of elderly women living in urban areas The extent of social problems was found 'medium' among most of the elderly women living in the rural area of Hisar (57.80%) and Nuh districts (35.90%). The overall extent of social problems was 'high' for 12.50 and 42.20 per cent in Hisar and Nuh districts, respectively. The findings stated that the percentage of status of relationships of the respondents with family members was 'average' (41.40%). A maximum number of the respondents (45.70%) were of the view that their self-status, deteriorated after attaining the age of 60 years (45.70%).Highly significant association was observed between social problems and age of the aged women from a rural area (χ2=44.99**) and significant in urban areas (χ2=09.44*) while a significant association was found between the education of the respondents from rural areas and level of social problems (χ2=12.73*).

Pages: 224-227
Vandana Gupta (Department of Psychology, Mahila, Mahavidyalaya, Banaras Hindu University, Banaras, Uttar Pradesh)

COVID-19 poses several challenges to survival in the present era. Humans are in great trouble and fear. All activities are stopped. Public places closed, and exams were continuously postponed. Among these situations, students were left in uncertainty regarding their academic activities and future. Studies indicated that people with good positive mental health show a balanced view and appropriate responses in an adverse situation. The present study examined the student's anxiety levels and positive mental health. Questionnaires of a self-evaluation scale (Tripathy & Amber, 1983) and positive mental health inventory (Jagdish & Srivastava, 1983) were administered on 100 B.A./B.Sc. 1st-year students. Results are obtained using correlation and multiple regression analyses that indicated positive mental health predicted anxiety among students. Findings revealed that students with poor positive mental health show a greater level of anxiety. Thus, improving mental health may be a helpful intervention in reducing the risk of developing psychological problems.

Pages: 232-236
Nambiar Veena Chindankutty and D. Dhanalakshmi (Department of Applied, Psychology, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry)

Ageing is an inevitable ongoing process of change integral to all living organisms. It is characterized by a progressive deterioration in the biological, mental and social functioning of an individual. Therefore we are bound to prepare for embracing this phenomenon gracefully and explore possibilities of enhancing well-being among the elderly. India's elderly population is projected to rise 41 per cent by 2031 (National Statistical Office, 2021) which shows a dire need for approaching healthy ageing. A few decades ago elderly enjoyed a special place in the Indian family structure but with the advent of urbanization, youngsters have started moving out of the family settings. This has placed the elderly in a vulnerable situation wherein they are either left alone or required in the family for taking care of home and children. Though initially pleasurable it may be taxing as time progresses due to the deterioration of health which eventually affects their overall well-being. Hence this conceptual paper attempts to address the significance of healthy ageing from a eudaimonic perspective of well-being emphasizing the dimension of Purpose in Life propounded by Ryff and Singer (2008) in their model of psychological well-being. This model comprises six key dimensions which are foundational for the process of living well and one among them is Purpose in Life (PIL). It is a promising dimension of eudaimonic well-being which undergoes transition across different phases of life and is associated with better engagement in activities, health outcomes and physical functioning during older adulthood. This signifies the essentiality of addressing PIL for enhancing the eudaimonic well-being of the elderly, which contributes to the process of healthy ageing. Hence this paper highlights the significance of developing Purpose in Life among the elderly by emphasizing the need for engaging themselves actively for their well-being and betterment of society rather than surmising old age as frivolous. This paper underscores the need for recommendations from health care professionals and government policymakers in initiating and implementing meaningful purposes for enhancing eudaimonic well-being among older people.

Pages: 242-245
Manju and Sarvdeep Kohli (Department of Psychology, M. D. University, Rohtak, Haryana)

Medical practitioners, yoga specialists, sociologists, philosophers, and most importantly, psychologists all collaborate in the realm of health. Hypertension is one of the most hazardous health conditions that may result in different chronic illnesses. Despite taking healthy diet, prescribed medication and regular exercise some people still suffer from high blood pressure which indicates role of psychological factors in the development of hypertension. Therefore, the present study was designed to explore differences in the levels of perceived stress and depression among hypertensives and healthy controls. A two group design was adopted in the present study. The sample comprised of 100 participants (50 hypertensives & 50 healthy controls) with the age range of 35-55 years. The tools used for the study were: Perceived Stress Scale and the Beck Depression Inventory-II. Data was analyzed by using t-test. Results indicated that hypertensives scored significantly higher on perceived stress and depression than healthy controls. The outcomes suggest that hypertensive individuals require greater psychological management beside medical care.

Pages: 249-252
Neerja Pandey (Amity Institute of Behavioural and Allied Sciences (AIBAS), Amity University, Lucknow Campus, Uttar Pradesh)

The present research work titled, 'EFT to resolve anger issues-A Case Study Approach', is an original work in which effectiveness of Emotional Freedom Technique (EFT) in reducing anger has been highlighted. Anger being a complex emotion, often masks other emotions and feelings of helplessness. Dealing with anger demands diligent unravelling of the layers of emotions, beliefs, and conditionings to reach the core issue that is tormenting the person. EFT is apt in addressing these layers and effectively reach the core issue. This technique uses subjective unit of discomfort (SUD) as feedback and marker of resolution as insights are gained by the individual. The present paper takes a case study approach where the sample is purposefully selected, and the steps taken to resolve the complexity of their anger are also highlighted. This study attempts to acknowledge the close interplay of mental postulates and emotions. It focuses on how empowering statements (affirmations) and tapping can dispute obsolete mental postulates and encourage a shift in perspective within few rounds of intervention. With one case introduction and two case studies of anger, EFT is found to be an empowering tool that is effective in regulating maladaptive tendencies and de-constructing malformed belief systems pertaining to anger.

Pages: 258-263
Chengol Mallesham1 and Thipparapu Rajesh2 (Selection Centre Central, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh1 and Department of Psychology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, Mizoram2)

The objective of the present study is to study the impact of training about time perspective on Taekwondo athletes' time profiles, sports anxiety throughout physical activity, aggressive behaviour, and positive and negative experiences. The study was carried out by employing a single group pre-training and post-training experimental design. Six athletes (1 female & 5 males) underwent six time-perspective training sessions over the course of three weeks. A questionnaire which measures time perspective, a questionnaire which measures aggressive behaviour, physical activity questionnaire and sport anxiety questionnaire, and a questionnaire of positive and negative experiences were used to conduct pre and post-tests for the athletes. The Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test was employed, and its results indicated that a statistically significant difference in future time attitude, anxiety (physical activity as well as sport), and hostile behaviour. The post-test revealed significantly lower scores for the Future-Positive time attitude, but significantly higher scores for sport anxious individuals during physical activity, as well as hostile behaviour than the pre-test scores. Emphasising on a certain area of time profile may contribute to negative repercussions by fuelling anxiety (physical activity & sport) and hostility among the Taekwondo athletes. Hence, the psychologists and coaches need to design psychological interventions that include ideal time profiles, to give participants opportunities and experience handling the past, present, and future associated with their training and competitions in a practical way.

Pages: 270-273
Harbans Lal (SNDT Women University, Director-Forum of Behavioural Safety, Mumbai, Maharashtra)

Several reports indicate that fast delivery boys risked their life and of others on the road for express service. The start-up entrepreneurs like Swiggy, Zomato, DominoZ, Zepto, and others are playing with public life and promoting unsafe behaviours/ unsafe conditions, causing thousands of near misses. The delivery boys rush so fast that they don't see traffic lights, speed limits etc. Governments should put some control on such time bound businesses where lives are at-risk. Fast delivery with fast at-risk behaviors on the road with 10-20-25-30 minutes delivery is fatal idea. Companies must demonstrate behavioural safety compliance clearance with 100% zero-harm culture. Qualitative research in this paper makes a lot of sense in this regard. 201 industry professionals participated in the study to reflect on the issues and solutions. For sustainability of delivery industry, it is crucial to not to overlook the safety standards to save the riders from injuries and fatalities. It is possible to sustain both the safety culture and industry. Industry requires a connected safety culture which defines a connect among people. It is recommended to drive long term safety culture in promoting Business Sustainability.