Indian Journal of Health and Wellbeing

Pages: 330-334
Kulwinder Kaur and Moniva Sarkar (Department of Sociology, Panjab University, Chandigarh)

This study explored the patterns of social exclusion and well-being of the inter-state migrant workers at the place of destination. The data was collected from the migrant workers of Ludhiana and Kharar working in non-agriculture sectors. A sample of 40 workers was collected to understand the nature of social exclusion and the well-being of the migrant workers. The survey method consisted of a set of specific questions were used to explore the relationship between exclusion and well-being of the migrant workers.

Pages: 343-347
Umesh L. Bharte and Jinal Shah (Department of Applied Psychology, University of Mumbai, Maharashtra)

The very interface of economics and psychological science is to amend the neoclassical economic theorizing and to demonstrate the ways individuals make real-life choices. The agenda of behavioral economics, thus, oftentimes goes beyond mere normative standards of economic man to include descriptive and prescriptive canons as well while explaining and predicting human conduct. Nudging people and helping them to make optimal choices has been one of the promising lines of inquiry in recent times. Nudging has been fruitfully employed to make individuals engage in desirable behaviors, physical exercise being one of them, which is otherwise not possible or difficult. Walking, if not physical exercise, proves to be an economically accessible solution for everyone to an array of health issues like cardiovascular diseases or obesity. Building on the previous body of research, the present study aims at examining the effect of nudge on people going for a morning walk in the garden. More precisely, we predicted that nudging would increase the number of rounds an individual takes in the ground. A field experiment with a repeated-measures design is conducted on people living in Mumbai city (N = 38) to test this prediction. Results indicate a significant effect of nudging on the number of rounds taken by people. A discussion of theoretical and practical implications of the study is followed by suggestions for future research.

Pages: 352-355
Rajkumari Meena1, Satyendra Kumar Thakur2, and Prabhat Kumar Mishra3 (Department of Psychology, University of Delhi, Delhi1, Department of Psychology, Zakir Hussian Delhi College University of Delhi, Delhi2, and Department of Educational Psychology and Foundations of Education, NCERT New Delhi3)

The present study examined the physical, mental, psychological stress among elderly household female population in India and Nepal. In this research Random sampling technique was used. 50-50 elderly household female population selected randomly from both countries India and Nepal. All 100 elderly household female participants completed her questionnaire of five domain of Adult Stress-o-Meter V (1). Descriptive Statistics was used for statistical analysis. In India74% household female was emotionally disturbed but manageable, 18% (moderate level), 2% (severe) and 6% was emotionally normal. In Nepal 78% household female emotionally disturbed but manageable, 12% emotionally normal and 10% moderate level.

Pages: 360-366
Varsha Pandey and Arun Kumar Jaiswal (Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi Kashi Vidyapith, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh)

The current study examined how men's and women's positive thoughts and negative suicidal thoughts were affected by metacognitions. 300 men and women from Chowk and nearby neighbourhoods of Varanasi city of Uttar Pradesh, India, made up the sample. The participants were individually administered Hindi versions of Metacognitions Questionnaire and Positive and Negative Suicide Inventory. Low and high scorer participants (men & women) were defined as those scoring below and up to the 25th percentile and above the 75th percentile on the facets of metacognitions, respectively. By using a 2 × 2 ANOVA (2 genders × 2 levels of facets of metacognitions), the effects of levels (low & high) of metacognitions on measures of PANSI (positive ideation & negative suicide ideation) were examined. The effects of levels (low & high) of facets of metacognitions on measures of PANSI (positive ideation & negative suicide ideation) were analysed by applying 2 × 2 ANOVA (2 genders × 2 levels of facets of metacognitions). Results revealed significant main effects of gender on positive ideation with respect to positive beliefs, cognitive confidence, uncontrollability and danger, and MCQ-H, and on negative suicide ideation with respect to positive beliefs, SPR and MCQ-H Total, and significant main effects of levels of positive beliefs, uncontrollability and danger, SPR on positive ideation, and levels of positive beliefs, cognitive confidence, uncontrollability and danger, MCQ-H Total facets metacognitions on negative suicide ideation; and significant interaction effects of 'Gender × levels of positive beliefs on positive ideation, and significant interaction effects of Gender × levels of positive beliefs, SPR and MCQ-H Total on negative suicide ideation. These results indicated that men as compared to women displayed significantly higher positive ideation and lower negative suicide ideation, and high as compared to low levels of facets of metacognitions caused significantly higher negative suicide ideation and lesser positive ideation. Analysis of significant interaction effects indicated that high than low levels of facets of metacognitions significantly enhanced negative suicide ideation and lowered positive ideation in women than in men.

Pages: 372-375
D. Anandan1, V. Anand2, R. Arunachalam3, and B. Arun4 (Department of Physiotherapy, Madhav University, Rajasthan, PGP College of Physiotherapy, Namakkal, Tamil Nadu1, Department of Physiotherapy, Madhav University, Rajasthan2,3, and Department of Physiotherapy, Government District Headquarters Hospital, Erode, Tamil Nadu4)

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a rare genetic disorder that affects about 0.8 million Indian children. The incidence rate of 1:3500 male births is the most common form of all muscular dystrophies. Covid-19 pandemic cause profound devastation to the lives of DMD children. The muscles are weaker in DMD, and the children are more prone to lung infections. Coronavirus (COVID-19) is a severe lung infection that disturbs the entire function of the World. DMD already has weakness in major muscles, including the respiratory. So, the study aims to identify the effect of low-intensity aerobic exercises in children with DMD. This is a home-based pilot study with 11 DMD children and wheelchair dependent since, for ten years, they have been on continuous rehabilitation and monitoring. When the pandemic was declared in India in March 2020, all children were given clear notes on the disease and its severity to the parents. Self-created quarantine exercise protocol, which includes Limb exercises, breathing exercises, trunk mobility exercises, and positioning, was taught along with a logbook given to all the children. Video calls, and WhatsApp videos, were used to monitor them regularly. The physiotherapist made a personal visit in June 2020 to review the exercises, and subsequently on Aug 20, Oct 20, Dec 20, Feb 21, and May 21. Observations are detailed here. The infection rate was 3 out of 9, and they got admitted to the hospital for other illnesses. All the children noted Flu infection but recovered within ten days without hospitalization. The parents monitored their SPo2 and temperature and updated them in the logbook. A lung function test was done using a handheld incentive spirometer during the personnel visit by the therapist and found satisfactory. The study concluded a significant improvement in the DMD children following low-intensity and quarantine exercises.

Pages: 380-384
Nishita Gupta and Shruti Shourie (Department of Psychology, D.A.V College, Chandigarh)

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a serious psyc 5rhiatric condition that can develop in an individual after experiencing or witnessing a traumatic event related to shock, physical harm or threat. PTSD can be a consequence of a traumatic event that has caused intense fear or helplessness. The purpose of the given study was to explore the significant differences between the coping strategies used by MD Physician students who were stuck in Ukraine and experienced war conditions for 6 days, who experienced PTSD and who did not experience PTSD. A sample of 30 students, pursuing MD Physician from V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University was considered, from which 13 reported PTSD and 17 did not report PTSD. These two groups were then compared using a t-test for unequal sample size on their use of coping strategies. The result shows that the students who experienced PTSD scored higher on the self-blame dimension of coping (t=2.75), behavioural disengagement dimension of coping (t=2.35) and avoidant coping dimension (t=2.18) in comparison to students who did not experience PTSD.

Pages: 388-392
Deva Nanda Raghavan and N.P.M. Hasmina Fathima (Christ College (Autonomous), Irinjalakuda, Kerala)

The world is developing in a classy manner with a number of standards set for idealizing concepts which influence people globally. A very common discourse of the present time is regarding the appearance of a person. The dressing patterns, presentation styles, cosmetic use, brand preferences and so on have all been in line with the picture of ideal beauty which is being questioned after decades of conditioning. Taking this concern into consideration along with the increased prevalence of social anxiety, the present study has tried to pin point onto the role of appearance anxiety on the very basic social interaction anxiety experienced by common people. The study was conducted on the late adolescent population of Kerala as they are the ones who experience the crisis situation the most in figuring out their own identity. A sample of 90 participants were considered for the study which included an unequal number of males and females and the data collection process was conducted online. The tools used for the study included the Social Interaction Anxiety Scale developed by Mattick and Clarke (1998) and The Appearance Anxiety Inventory developed by Veale et al. (2014). The coded and scored data was statistically analysed to conclude that Appearance Anxiety significantly predicts Appearance Anxiety with no role of gender in any of the variables. The major limitations of the study and the future implications have also been discussed in the article.

Pages: 396-398
Tulika Sharma1 and Prerna Puri2 (Department of Psychology, Panjab University, Chandigarh1 and Department of Psychology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan2)

The purpose of the present study was to explore the relationship between personality traits and level of stress among NCC Cadets. The hypothesis was “there would be a significant positive relationship between personality traits and stress level among NCC cadets.” The sample consists of 100 NCC Cadets (50 boys & 50 girls). The age group of the participants was 18 years to 21 years, and their education qualification was not an obligation. The instruments used to assess personality traits was “Neuroticism and Introversion-Extroversion Inventory” (2013) developed by I.S. Muhar, Prabha Bhatia, and Geeta Kapoor and to assess level of stress, “Stress Scale for students (2011) developed by Prerna Puri, Tejinder Kaur, and Manju Mehta was used. For statistical analysis, correlation test was used for the p-value and to found the relationship among the variables of this study. The results revealed that stress level is positively correlated with the personality traits among NCC Cadets.

Pages: 404-409
Karthik R.1, Ramya Ranjan Behera2, Ranajit Bera3 and Diganta Panda4 (Advanced Technology Development Centre, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, West Bengal1, Rekhi Centre of Excellence for the Science of Happiness, Kharagpur, West Bengal2,3,4)

Happiness is gaining popularity not only in academics but also in politics. Through a review of research, this study attempts to investigate if renewable energy may contribute to happiness and discovered that the relationship between energy usage and environmental quality on subjective well-being has received a lot of attention. Existing fossil fuel consumption has consequences that endanger the lives and well-being of those who are already most vulnerable to the effects of climate change. The goal of this study is to summarise the association between renewable energy consumption and subjective welling. According to the study, using renewable energy improves environmental quality whereas using fossil fuels degrades it. The two are intrinsically linked: environmental quality and subjective well-being. Other findings on the positive effects of renewable energy on subjective well-being support policymakers in developing future energy transition policies that must take well-being concerns into account. It can be concluded that renewable energy consumption can be associated with subjective well-being but cannot act as a whole.

Pages: 416-419
Joice Steffi Y., Gobinda Majhi, and Navaneetham Janardhana (Department of Psychiatric Social Work, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru Karnataka)

Ableism occurs when the society with a majority of people who are 'typically developing' cast perceptions that continue biases and myths, resulting in inequitable treatment of people with disability. Young adults with Visual Impairment (VI) have a distinct early life course trajectory either because they have no eye-sight during birth or lose it early in life. Their experiences and challenges are unique. This paper attempts to understand the concept of ableism, its different manifestations, the theoretical underpinnings, and how it affects the mental health of young adults with VI. The paper also highlights how ableism creeps into the everyday lives of people with disability and the urgent need to dismantle it.

Page: 69-74
Shashi Darolia (Department of Psychology, Institute of Integrated & Honors Studies Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana Suresh Kumar (Department of Psychology, B. P. R. College, Kurukshetra, Haryana

The present study was aimed at examining joint and relative contribution of various components of emotional intelligence and leadership styles in managerial effectiveness of bank managers. A total of 300 bank managers drawn from various branches of eleven Nationalized Banks in Haryana served as sample for the study. The selected participants were in the age range of 30 to 55 years with service tenure of 6 to 25 years. They received Multidimensional Measure of Emotional Intelligence (Darolia, 2003); Leadership Styles Questionnaire (Kumar, 2016); and Managerial Effectiveness Questionnaire (Gupta, 1996). These measures provided scores on five dimensions of emotional intelligence, three leadership styles, and one global managerial effectiveness. Data were treated statistically for descriptive statistics, Pearsonian correlation, and linear multiple regression. Results revealed that among five dimensions of emotional intelligence, Motivating Oneself (r=.57, p<.001) and Handling Relationship (r=.50, p<.001) were found strongly related with Managerial Effectiveness, while Managing Emotions (r=.39, p<.001) and Self Awareness (r=.36, p<.001) have shown modest degree relationship. Among three leadership styles, Democratic style (r=.45, p<.001) was found most strongly associated with Managerial Effectiveness of bank managers, Authoritarian (r=.10) and Laissez-Fair Styles (r=.03) being having very low and non-significant relationship. Results of regression analysis indicate that about 42 percent of variance in Managerial Effectiveness (R=.65, p<.001; R2=.42) is accounted for by various components of emotional intelligence and leadership styles. Motivating Oneself, Handling Relations, and Democratic leadership style emerged as most potent predictors of Managerial Effectiveness of bank managers.

Pages: 132-136
Soumi Dey, Arpita Mondal, Abhradeep Sarkar, Mouli Biswas, and Deepshikha Ray (Department of Psychology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal)

The current study tries to explore the effect of severity and duration of recovery from COVID-19 infection on visual memory scanning ability in 55 male and 65 female individuals with a mean age of 28.3 years (SD = 7.61). An android-based application (Psych Lab 101 version 2.1.2) was used to administer the Sternberg scanning test and visual memory scanning ability was indexed on the basis of accuracy and reaction time. The severity of the COVID-19 infection was measured on the basis of a self-report measure “scale for subjective severity of COVID-19”. There were four groups of participants who were categorized on the basis of duration of recovery from COVID-19 infection, viz., “3 months”, “6 months” and “9 months” and one group “with no history of COVID-19 infection”. There was a significant statistical difference (p < 0.05) between the groups of subjects in terms of their reaction time (RT) in the memory task; the maximum response latency being shown by subjects who had most recently recovered from COVID-19. There was no significant difference between the four groups in terms of accuracy. The findings of the present study imply that COVID-19 infection creates mild deficits in cognitive functioning in recovered patients evidenced in terms of increased processing speed and the deficit is more in recently recovered patients.

Pages: 143-148
Santosh and Suresh K. Darolia (Department of Psychology, Kurukshetra University Kurukshetra, Kurukshetra, Haryana)

Mindfulness as psychological construct has been studied since long in relation to different variables with different dimensions. Present study investigates the relationship of trait mindfulness with subjective well-being and psychological flexibility. A sample of 200 normal adults drawn from Karnal district were tests on Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) (Baer, Smith, & Hopkins, 2006) has been used to assess domains of trait mindfulness, Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II by Bond, Hayes, Baer, Carpenter, Guenole, Orcutt, and Zettle (2011) has been used to measure psychological inflexibility and Subjective Well-being Inventory (SWB) was used to assess well-being by Nagpal and Sell (1992). The correlation analysis result revealed significant positive relationship between global mindfulness score and subjective well-being (r = .256, p< 0.01). There are negative correlation of mindfulness and psychological Inflexibility (r = -.136) as well as subjective well-being is negative correlation with psychological Inflexibility (r = -.156, p< 0.05). Hence, it is concluded that mindfulness and psychological inflexibility negatively correlated with each other as well as mindfulness play a positive role for maintaining person's well-being.