Indian Journal of Health and Wellbeing

Page: 48-52 Preeti Rani1, Shruti Mehta2, Jatesh Kathapalia3, and Rashmi Tyagi4 (Department of Sociology, CCS HAU, Hisar, Haryana1,3,4 and GJUS&T, Hisar, Haryana2) Utilization of social media is an integral part of college students. Without social media college, students cannot think about their future and growth. This attempt was made to find out the effect of social media on the psychological and physical health status of Indian college students. Data was collected using google forms and the result revealed that there is a negative impact of social media on health status i.e mental and physical. It was also found that social media create a distraction from academics. The roots of these problems are deeply associated with the exponential growth of the internet and social media.

Page: 60-63 Atish Taukari, Nidhi Kini, Archana Kalarikkal, and Nanditha Venkatakrishnan (K.J. Somaiya College of Arts & Commerce, Mumbai, Maharashtra) The way information is presented (framed) influences decision making significantly has been illustrated in various studies (Tversky & Kahneman, 1981; Levin, Schneider, & Gaeth, 1998; Bigman, Cappella, & Hornik, 2010). This study is about different types of framing effects in the context of medical situations. The various framing effects studied were Risky choice, Attribute and Goal. Fifty undergraduate students were presented with all the above framing situations individually. Their ratings and choices were recorded. The analysis of data showed that two frames viz Risky choice and Attribute were found to be significant with size effect Cohen's d 0.72 and 0.61 respectively. Similar findings were found by Peng et al. (2013). Tversky and Kahneman (1981) explained the Risky choice framing effect in terms of the certainty effect. Certainty effect is the tendency to seek risk when the outcome is less acceptable. Levin and Gaeth (1988) suggested that the framing effect in the Attribute type occurs because favorable characterizations produce favourable associations leading to changes in decisions. These framing effects thus have major implications for decision-making in medical situations including critical illnesses/ diseases.

Page: 69-73 Shefali Madali1 and Arvind Kakulte2 (Department of Psychology, Sir Parashurambhau College, Pune, Maharashtra1 and Affiliated to Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra2) Depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) diagnoses frequently co-occur. It has been seen that increases in stress and anxiety among individuals for more than two years into the coronavirus pandemic, with some exhibiting indications of post-traumatic stress, or what is now being called post-COVID stress disorder (Holland, 2019). A generalized feeling of anxiety and anguish has been sparked by COVID-19, especially among sensitive populations. A history of trauma and abuse increases the chance of developing depression, and those same traumatic events may contribute to the development of PTSD. The aim of the current study is to assess whether there is a positive correlation between the post-traumatic symptoms of COVID-19 and vulnerability to experience depression and severe anxiety in individuals. The sample analyzed for this study consisted of 110 individuals inclusive of both males and females within the age range of 20-35. The data were collected using a self-administered scales, i.e., HADS for measuring vulnerability to depression and major anxiety and DTS for measuring PTSD caused due to excess COVID-19 exposure. The data was coded, tabulated and descriptive statistics were conducted. The hypothesis 1 (H1) which states that PTSD caused due to excess COVID-19 exposure has a high positive correlation with vulnerability to depression is accepted as the correlation coefficient obtained for these two variables was 0.72 and the hypothesis 2 (H2) which states that PTSD caused due to excess COVID-19 exposure has a high positive correlation with vulnerability to major anxiety is also proved as the correlational coefficient obtained for these two variables is 0.89. both of these coefficients show a high positive correlation. The results show p<.001 for both the hypothesis which shows that the results are highly significant in the population.

Page: 77-81 Rupal Hooda1, Gourav2, and Alisha Wadhwa3 (Department of Family Resource Management, COHS, CCSHAU, Hisar, Haryana1 and BFUHS, Faridkot, Punjab2, and SGT University, Gurugram, Haryana3) Shift work disturbs the existing relationships between the body's inner clock and the surroundings. The basic difficulty with shift work is that you sometimes have to work when it's usual to be sleeping which can disturb your natural sleep time. A study was conducted on 30 female nurse respondents of age 20-60 years, in Hisar city to find out problems related to shift work faced by female nurses and see the impact of shift jobs in perspective of sleep, fatigue, domestic situation and job satisfaction on female nurses. 70% of the nurses were doing this profession as full time for more than 6 hours a day while the remaining 30% were engaged as part time only up to a maximum of 6 hours only. 33.3% of the spouse had a neutral attitude toward the night shift of the nurses. 30% of the spouses were reported to be extremely unsupportive for the night shift. Day shift was more desirable for both, nurse staff as well as spouses. 50% of the respondents preferred a single mass of night duty per year while on the other hand; no respondent was interested in permanent night shift. The majority of the respondents (86.6%) reported problems related to the quantity of sleep they normally get. There was an overall negative effect of the night shift on the various health-related issues of the respondents. It was concluded from the current study that shifts job has a major adverse impact on sleep and fatigue related issues in the nurse respondents. Night shift is not preferred by nurses and their spouses as well. Salary satisfaction was also not up to the mark according to most of the nurses.

Page: 87-91 Atharva Mukund Dendge and Ramdas Kolekar (Sir Parashurambhau College (Autonomous) Pune, Maharashtra) The objective of this study was to check whether there is a correlation between occupational stress, mental health, and self-esteem among teachers of public sector schools. The Occupational Stress Index developed by Srivastava and Singh, the Mental Health Inventory given by Jagdish and Srivastava, and the Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale are used to calculate occupational stress, mental health, and self-esteem respectively. A total number of 77 participants including 50 male and 27 female teachers from different schools operated by Pune Municipal Corporation and Pune Zilla Parishad were included in this study. Later on, the descriptive statistics of the data were obtained and Pearson product-moment correlation was performed using SPSS software. The results of the tests showed that both male and female teachers experience moderate levels of occupational stress. Furthermore, Pearson correlation tests showed that there is a significant negative correlation between occupational stress and self-esteem among teachers. Similarly, a negative correlation was seen between age and occupational stress. To conclude, although a moderate level of stress is experienced, dealing with stress effectively becomes an important task in front of teachers. Hence, stress management workshops, efficient distribution of responsibilities, etc. measures are important to be taken to reduce occupational stress among teachers.

Page: 97-100 Renu Rathee (Department of Psychology, Dayanand College, Hisar, Haryana) In the present societal scenario adolescents are facing different kinds of anxiety. Anxiety is very closely related to fear. It is an unrealistic fear and an unfocused feeling of uneasiness. Due to overreaction in any situation and unrealistic fear anxiety can occur. Environment also plays an important role in the academic life of an individual as a man in the product of both nature and nurture. Academic achievement, often known as academic performance refers to how far a student, instructor, or institution has progressed toward their short or long-term educational objectives. Anxiety can negatively affect the Academic performance of adolescents. By keeping all these views in mind, the present research was conducted on the students of different schools like government, Navodaya and Kendriya schools of Haryana state. The results show a significant difference between male and female students in anxiety and academic performance.

Page: 105-107 Deepika, Jatesh Kathpalia, Rashmi Tyagi, and Vinod Kumari (Department of Sociology, CCSHAU, Hisar, Haryana) The pandemic has affected every aspect of human life, including the agricultural sector. Farmers are the essential components of the food supply chain and play a crucial role in ensuring food security for millions of people worldwide. However the pandemic has severely impacted the health and well-being of the farmers, exacerbating existing challenges they already face. The pandemic has a significant impact on the health of farming families in rural areas of Haryana. The study highlights the impact of COVID-19 on physical and mental health of the farming households. Furthermore, it examine the changes in health seeking behaviour, access to healthcare facilities and the availability of essential medicines and vaccines. The situation overall point towards greater investment in rural healthcare infrastructure to ensure that rural households have access to quality healthcare services. By prioritizing the health and well- being of rural families, we can build a more resilient healthcare system that can withstand future challenges such as pandemics.

Page: 112-115 Harbans Lal (SNDT Women's University, Director-Forum of Safety Culture, Mumbai, Maharashtra) Globally, the fires and fatal incidents happen in homes daily as they do occur at workplaces. Home injuries cause hundred thousand of deaths and billions of lifetimes costs each year across the world. Safety is shared and cared by everyone. Only sometimes, people speak up or care for safety of people around. Family is the core of any society, so the journey of behavioural safety begins from homes. In fact, everyone faced some sort of mental or physical injuries from someone close in some way the other in his/her lifetime from childhood till old age. Observations and spot-actions are to be done with members in close relationships at families. This paper reviews literature and experience of field professionals on safety for vulnerable children, women and seniors, and discusses implications with action plan. People who walked well, earned for their families, now when they are not able to walk well, need care by those who are blessed with their efforts to have grown up. The public health /safety policy and education are emphasized for sustainable prevention strategies to lessen domestic/home injuries amongst the children, women and the elderly.

Page: 426-431 Rajesh, Dinesh Chhabra, Arushi Jindal, and Shaurya Raj Singh (Department of Psychology, University of Delhi, Delhi) The resurgence of COVID-19 second and third waves across the globe has posed a major challenge for governments to manage the pandemic. In order to control the spread of the infection, a major role is being played by COVID-19 appropriate behaviors. Adherence to preventive measures is important to flatten the curve and limit the spread. The present study attempts to understand how to increase this adherence and what factors influence or predict the COVID-19 appropriate behaviour. For this, the study administered questionnaires to a sample (N = 716), of whom n = 331 completed the survey measures, and were included in the final analysis. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multivariate linear regression. Of the multiple variables, adhering to COVID-19 related preventive behaviour was significantly predicted by a positive attitude towards preventive measures (14.7%), followed by awareness about COVID-19 (4.4%) and health consciousness (2.3%). Adults aged 35 years or over and with higher education reported high awareness and positive attitudes towards preventive behaviour. Living with the family was significantly related to engaging in preventive behaviour and awareness was influenced by the availability of resources. The collection of data took place online from September to December, 2020 over a period of three months. These findings draw attention to the importance of increasing health consciousness, health awareness, a positive attitude towards preventive behaviour, and a sense of social responsibility in the community. A comprehensive approach building on them can thus warrant a range of solutions to mitigate the growing cases in the pandemic and dictate future actions to regulate health behavior in the present and future crises.

Page: 439-445
Neeraj Agarwal, Muskan Jain, Akhilesh Singh Butola, Sakshi Yadav, Sonika Singh, Shreya Singh, and Vaibhav Kumar Gupta (Centre for Social and Behaviour Change, Ashoka University (CSBC), Rajiv Gandhi Education City, Sonipat, Haryana)

This study aimed to determine self-esteem's (SE) impact on the sexual and reproductive health (SRH) of female adolescents aged 14 to 21 years in different schools and Anganwadi centers of Sewapuri block of Varanasi district (U.P). The study followed a long-term pre and post-intervention research design. The research instruments were the Hindi version of the Coopersmith Self-esteem Inventory and a self-prepared regionally sensitive SRH survey. The pre-intervention survey was conducted for 510 participants. The average score on the SE scale and SRH was 54.07 (out of 96) and 79.17 (out of 105), respectively. Regression analysis showed that SE scores significantly predicted the participants' SRH scores. Age showed an inverse relationship with SE and SRH. SE and SRH were higher for unmarried and enrolled participants. A practice-based intervention consisting of 10 self-esteem modules was delivered to 70 female adolescents in phase I. The surveys were taken immediately after the intervention. The SRH score increased significantly, while the increase in the SE score was not significant. Self-esteem as an attitude takes time and specific practices to develop. Academic performance might have also impacted adolescents' self-esteem since the surveys were taken immediately after exams. Therefore, the surveys were conducted again after two months for 36 participants ( ~ 50% of the intervention group). The results showed a significant increase in the SE and SRH scores of the 36 participants. Psychological care and behaviour change communication should be provided through self-esteem-enhancing programs for adolescents to enhance their sexual and reproductive health.

Page: 449-454
Raheemudheen P.K. and Baby Shari P.A. (Department of Psychology, University of Calicut, Malappuram, Kerala)

Attitude of community members toward the person with intellectual disability affect the social life and community integration person with intellectual disability. Their Negative attitudes toward people with intellectual disabilities have remained relevant as these would act as a barrier to social, educational, and vocational integration as a result of discrimination and stigma. The objective of the present study is to develop and standardize a scale to understand community member's attitudes toward person with intellectual disability. The Attitude towards person with intellectual disability scale(AT-PIDS), consisting 36 items was administered to 360 participants from community members for pilot study and for finding factor structure through EFA. Another sample of 400 persons attempted the final 18 items scale to validate the four-factor structure through CFA. AT-PID yielded a four-factor structure as a first-order factor model of attitude. The four factors are Factor-1: Inclusion; Factor-2: Expectation; Factor-3: Independency; and Factor-4: Acceptance. CFA confirms that F-1, F-2, F-3, and F-4 are the first-order factors and overall attitude towards the person with intellectual disability as the second-order factor. The scale had good internal consistency with Cronbach's alpha coefficients ranging from 0.6 to 0.7 for the four factors and 0.79 for the overall scale. The AT-PIDS can be used to measure the attitude of the general population towards the intellectually disabled, allows comparisons over time for target service provision and public awareness programmes, and helps develop various intervention strategies for de-stigmatising ID

Page: 459-464
Nazia Amin and Shawkat Ahmad Shah (Department of Psychology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir)

The purpose of the present research study is to develop a scale for Psychosocial Safety Climate (PSC) based on Dollar and Bakker's (2010) model of PSC that can be used to assess PSC among medical professionals in the Asian context, with special reference to healthcare settings in Kashmir. A sample of 341 medical professionals (doctors & nurses) was derived from Government Medical College and its associated hospitals, which include seven hospitals across the Kashmir valley. A total of 16 items scale was formulated on the basis of strong research and theoretical backgrounds. Exploratory factor analysis and Confirmatory factor analysis were carried out to find factor structure and confirm the same respectively. The findings revealed a three-factor structure consisting of management support, management communication, and management priority and participation explaining 53.3% of the variance. A confirmatory factor analysis revealed an acceptable model fit with CMIN/df = 2.29, GFI = 0.92, CFI = 0.93, and RMSEA = 0.06. The findings of the study corroborate that the scale holds well in the present context and therefore can help in creating a psychologically safe environment to work in.

Page: 473-477
Afreen Zehra1, Shubhda Sharma2, Neera Pant3, and Smita Chatterjee4 (Department of Psychology, University of Delhi, New Delhi,1,2,4 and Department of Psychology, Gargi College, University of Delhi, New Delhi3)

Mental Health Literacy (MHL) constitutes the understanding of mental disorders which can aid in their recognition, mitigation, or prevention. The aim of this research was to understand the effect of a mental health initiative on the MHL of the participants and to examine the correlation between MHL and help-seeking attitudes. A cross-sectional correlational research design was employed on a sample of 80 female undergraduate students from New Delhi who were a part of the mental health initiative. They completed a survey that included the demographic profile, the Mental Health Literacy Questionnaire (MLHq), and the Mental Help Seeking Attitude Scale (MHSAS). Our research findings suggested that the MHL of the sample was satisfactory (M=117.81; SD=8.31) and they had high help-seeking attitudes (M=55.42; SD=7.66). The correlational analysis of the variables indicates that there is a significant and moderately strong positive association between MLHq and MHSAS (r=0.52, p<.001). Mental Health Literacy, thus, is an important predictor of help-seeking attitudes, which foster positive consequences for overall mental health. Thus, interventions aimed at improving Mental Health Literacy should be developed and implemented, especially in educational settings.