International Journal of Education and Management Studies

Page: 271-277
Sonu (Department of History, Panjab University, Chandigarh)

Education is considered as a significant instrument of women empowerment because it enables them to face the challenges, to confront their traditional role and change their lives. Education is the only tool through which women can change their positions in society. History speaks that women education has played a very important role in the overall development of the country since ancient times. A number of social activists have contributed significantly for the development of women education and their upliftment. As a result, India has reached at a respectable place as regards to literacy rates. The state of Haryana has also made rapid strids in the field of education after its formation. Yet it lags far behind as far as interstate literacy levels are concerned. Gender gaps in the levels of literacy rates and Gross Enrolment Ratio are still at higher levels. Even though, Haryana is among the smaller states in terms of population and area, inter-district variations in literacy rates are still very high.

Page: 283-287
Sharmin Palsetia and Juhi Deshmukh (Department of Psychology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra)

The Indian IT industry boomed after 2005 and is continuing to grow. The role of a leader is to handle strategy, manage resources, inspire the team and still be humane. After the pandemic, it is now even more necessary to alter the pillars of leadership. Although the personality and characters of leaders are similar, the effectiveness with which leaders perform is altering. There is a paucity of tools to measure the same. There are theoretical models and tools developed to gauge the personality factors of an effective leader, behavioural factors that contribute to leadership effectiveness are not vastly studied. The behaviours used in the test align with developing strategy, change management, operations, performance and entrepreneurial effectiveness of the leader. The aim of the study was to establish a scale to measure leadership effectiveness through an item analysis process and EFA. 50-item scale of leadership effectiveness was developed for the standardisation process. Representative data from 300 leaders (150 male & 150 female leaders) was procured from mid and large size organisations of IT and ITES sectors from Indian metro cities. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) with Item analysis was carried out, to explore the factor structure of the scale and establish the other psychometric properties of the scale. This scale can be widely applied considering the cultural unique aspects of Indian leaders. The scale can be used in training and behaviour modification set up.

Page: 295-297
Neeru (Swarna Jayanti Haryana Institute for Fiscal Management, Panchkula, Haryana)

A study was conducted to develop a cereal bar for the gluten-intolerant population using flaxseeds, brown rice and quinoa and dried fruit such as almonds, dried figs and raisins. Honey was added as a sweetener and binder. The raw material was analysed for physicochemical properties such as moisture, ash, protein and fat content, and functional parameters such as antioxidant activity, total phenols, and β-carotene. A dry heat treatment (80-100°C for 8-12 minutes) was performed on the grains prior to use in the preparation of the cereal bar. After the grain treatment, a notable difference (p≤0.0499) was found between all physiochemical and functional parameters of grains except for ash content, which showed an insignificant difference (p≤0.05). Four formulations were developed using different combinations of grains with different levels of the honey (41%, 51% & 61%). The selected cereal-bar was evaluated for Physicochemical and functional parameters. Statistically significant changes were observed in moisture content, protein content, fat content, total phenolics, antioxidant activity and β-carotene content in heat-treated materials except for ash content, which showed insignificant changes.

Page: 304-308
Anuja Deshpande1 and Riya Shah2 (Department of Psychology, Maniben Nanvati Women's College, Mumbai, Maharashtra1 and Psychologist, Mumbai2)

COVID-19 imposed a great threat to individuals as well as mental health professionals. The virus had an impact across all aspects of our lives. It had an impact on the well-being and mental health of individuals as well. In these difficult times, it can be a possibility that there could be an increase in the prevalence of various psychological conditions particularly depression, anxiety, and stress. Thus, this study aimed to examine the relationship between depression, anxiety, and stress among female students. DASS-21 was used to measure the scores on the variables among 343 female students across India. The participants (18 years & above) enrolled in a full time university course were included in the study. The questionnaire was employed through various web-based platforms and social media sites. Results based on Pearson Product Moment Correlation indicated that depression, anxiety, and stress are significantly correlated to each other. It can be concluded that the pandemic has had a great impact on the mental health and well-being of individuals. Further research can be undertaken to understand the difference between and across various socio-demographic/cultural groups.

Page: 312-318
Salma Seth1 and Aanchal Aggarwal2 (Department of Applied Psychology, Vivekananda College, University of Delhi, Delhi1 and Department of Psychology, University of Delhi, Delhi2)

Are we living in a world where opportunities and possibilities are equal affairs for both men and women? Is the corporate world sensitive enough to let women be women? Are working women still the 'women' they were once thought to be? Does gender equality really exist or is it just a myth disguised as reality? What organisations and their leaders actually believe, think, feel, and do in the garb of providing equal rights for women in the workplace, encouraging gender diversity, revised policies and guidelines, is the reality that exists that no one wants to talk about. The present article throws light on these concerns and pushes the reader to constantly question the reality of the world we are living in and to reflect on the part they, as members of this society, are playing in it.

Page: 322-325
Vinod Kumari, Subhash Chander, Karmal Malik, and Kushagra Prasad (Cotton Section, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana)

Cotton is one the most indispensable fiber crop in the country and it plays a pivotal role throughout the world in flourishing the industrial and agricultural economy. The extensive use of cotton for various activities and industries has accorded it the status of “King of the Fiber Crops” and “White Gold”. The objective of the present study is to assess the knowledge levels and adoption of using the Drip Irrigation System (DIS) along with the subsequent impact and constraints. The data for accessing the above mentioned aspects were collected by the authors through the personal interviews conducted with the respondents at their respective homes/farms as well as findings of other authors were incorporated. It was found that knowledge level was moderate to high whereas adoption level was found medium among the farmers. It was noticed that factors like income, landholding, mass media exposure, education and socio-economic status played an important rle in adoption of drip irrigation in cotton crop. The research takes a step ahead in examining many aspects connected with cotton production, taking into account the position of drip irrigation for sustainable agriculture.