International Journal of Education and Management Studies

Page: 78-82 Jaspreet Kaur and Mohit Gupta (School of Business Studies, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab) Agriculture is the largest sector of the Indian economy. The success of the Indian economy is reliant on the growth of the agricultural sector. One of the essential components for the development of the agricultural sector is credit. Credit is crucial for developing a successful and sustainable farming system. Agricultural production in India depends upon millions of small and marginal farmers. Thus, for agriculture to reach its full potential as a lucrative sector, more and more farmers must have access to sufficient, timely, and affordable institutional loans is crucial. In this paper, the need and institutional arrangements for agriculture credit have been discussed. In India, agricultural credit is disbursed through a multi-agency network. Further, this paper describes the evolution of the institutional structure through a number of changes in government policy that made the use of institutional sources for agricultural loans instead of non-institutional sources. This paper observes that there has not been constant growth in agricultural credit over the years. It has undergone extremely dramatic changes. This helps to understand the impact of the policy measures on agricultural credit with respect to agricultural Gross Domestic Product (GDP). The changing share of different formal institutions, namely Scheduled Commercial Banks (SCBs), Co-operative Institutions, Regional Rural Banks (RRBs), and Micro-Finance Institutions (MFIs) in the overall institutional credit to agriculture has been taken into consideration. In last, the study presents the recent measures such as digitization of land records, land leasing structure, digital innovations in agriculture, various government schemes, etc. taken to expand the reach of institutional credit in the agriculture sector.

Page: 89-92 Neelam Kumari and Renu Bala (Department Human Development and Family Studies, I C college of Home Science, CCS HAU, Hisar, Haryana) The COVID-19 pandemic has sparked a global catastrophe that has had a detrimental impact on people's daily lives. Children have suffered as a result of being confined to their homes constantly. Preschoolers in particular are quite active and like attending school and participating in a variety of extracurricular activities. But, because of the corona pandemic lockdown, they are limited to engaging in play and other activities with their parents and siblings. This qualitative study was conducted to find the changes that parents of preschool children felt in their children's behavior and how they were handling them during this trying time of being confined at home. The objectives of the study were to explore that the preschool children being at home during the time of the pandemic how got changed in their behavior as well as the changes in their routine life, along with this it was also tried to document the ways in which parents are managing them during this pandemic. Interviews were conducted through audio and video calls. The responses were then analysed thematically. The main conclusions emphasised the significance of early childhood education for the development of children's manners. Young children's behaviour is greatly influenced by preschools in their daily lives. The kids' increasing usage of digital media is a result of their extended home absence from school, and their increased hostility is a result of their lack of peers and low social development setting.

Page: 97-99 Reena (Doctorate in Economics, Chanot, Hisar, Haryana) The gross domestic product (GDP) is one of the primary indicators used to gauge the health of a country's economy. Improvement our agriculture and raising its productivity is one of the most important objectives of economic policies. The objective is to generate employment opportunities in the domestic industries. Exports, imports, and bilateral trade all play important roles in employment in export-oriented industries. The relationship between exports, imports, and employment in export-oriented industries can be complex and multifaceted. On the one hand, exports can create employment opportunities in the industries that produce the goods and services being exported. The present paper highlights the various factors affecting employment opportunities in export industries with an increase in GDP.

Page: 103-105 Renu (Department of Psychology, Government PG College, Sec-1, Panchkula, Haryana) Social intelligence is an individual's ability to comprehend other individuals' feelings and emotions and respond according to the situations. Social intelligence is necessary for leading a successful life in society. In recent years, the term intelligence has been explained in several ways, such as general, emotional, scientific, and spiritual intelligence. From among this social intelligence has gained special attention in recent years. The present paper reviews the relationship between social intelligence and aggression.

Page: 243-248
Anees Ajmal M.P.1 and Subodh Agarwal2 (Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Wayanad, Kerala1 and Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana2)

This paper reports some simple but significant empirical marketable surplus relations for a guar crop in Haryana state. The behavior of the marketed supply of food crops grow partly for home consumption is a matter of critical importance for a growing economy, for the rate of growth of the urban industrial sector depends on the availability of a food from the rural, agricultural sector. It discusses their overall policy implication in the farm sector as well as in the marketing sub-sectors so that it is suitable for Governments to focus more on encouraging a jump in farm output particularly in case of guar without any distinct consideration in favor of small or large farms. The nature of the marketable surplus function is such, in most areas that the usual arguments for discrimination in favor of large farms do not hold. Even with the farm structure remaining what it is, output increases will lead to more than proportionate increases in marketable surplus without a discriminatory or coercive policy. One aspect of the situation is that in the case guar concentration of marketable surplus amongst big farmers was higher. The study provides a comparative study on different blocks in Haryana state and also brings out the impact of the market access of villages as represented by weekly markets and the role of payments and receipts in kind.