Indian Journal of Positive Psychology

Pages:302-305
Arachna Satsangi and Aysha Begum (Dayalbagh Educational Institute Dayalbagh, Agra, Uttar Pradesh)

This research was made to study the difference in social maturity between high and low intelligence among science and arts students. The sample of present study consisted of 100 cases. Both Arts (25 Boys and 25 Girls) and Science students (25 boys and 25 girls), were randomly selected. Their age range was between 18-25 years. Social Maturity Scale constructed by Srivastava (1983) and Standard Progressive Matrices for measuring intelligence by Raven (1988) were used. 't-test' was employed to see the difference in social maturity between high and low intelligence and academic stream (science and arts). The finding of the present study suggested that there is a significant difference in social maturity between high and low intelligence (t = 3.14, p < .01). Therefore it can be concluded that the students who are high in intelligence are socially matured. It was also found that there was no significant difference between science and arts students related to social maturity.

Pages:312-317
Sushila Pareek and Nirmala Singh Rathore (Department of Psychology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan)

Education in general and higher education in particular play an important role in facilitating technological, social and human resource development. Quality in education is generally applied to signify the positive and considerable inputs from teachers and students. In this regard, positive education program (Seligman et al., 2009) has been discovered which comprises the key elements viz., character strengths and virtues, resilience, happiness, interpersonal relationships for consistent well-being and success. In accordance with the concept, the present piece of work aimed at studying character strengths and virtues of teachers in higher education. The institutional case study approach was undertaken for profiling the character strengths and virtues of teachers. The sample for the present study was taken from Maharishi Arvind College of Engineering and Research Centre, Sirsi Road, Jaipur on the purposive sampling basis. The Values in Action Inventory of Strengths (VIA-IS) (Peterson et al., 2006), was administered to 60 faculty members (20 female and 40 male). The results pointed out that the mean score of male and female teachers on character strengths and virtues was found to be significantly different and female teachers scored higher mean than their male counter parts. The significant positive relationship between the rank order of female and male teachers indicated the similar pattern of character strengths and virtues.

Pages:325-334
Samia Bakri Abdelati (Department of Psychology, King Saud University, KSA ) Marei Salama-Younes (Department of Psychology, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt )

A growing literature is emerging about passion types and subjective well-being. No studies were interested in exploring passion types and subjective well-being for Saudi women. Three studies were conducted. Data was collected from Riyadh (n = 474, n = 241and n = 329). The first and second studies have been conducted to test the psychometric properties of passion scale for Saudi women. The goal of the third study was, however; twofold: (i) testing the mediation of subjective vitality in the relationships between HP, OP and life satisfaction and (ii) testing the effect of selected variables such as the marital status, the couple relationships conflict, the age and the leisure activities differences on passion types and life satisfaction. Passion scale (11 items) had a satisfaction validity and reliability (Study 1 and 2). HP predicted positively the subjective vitality, which directly predicted the life satisfaction, whereas OP was none significant predictor of vitality and direct negative predictor of life satisfaction. In general, the family status, couple relationships conflict, leisure activities and age had no effect neither on passion types nor on life satisfaction. Subjective vitality was partially a mediation between only harmonious passion and life satisfaction. In addition, selected variables have no effect on passion types and life satisfaction for Saudi women.

Pages:339-342
Smita Mohanty (District Sub-Registrar, Dhenkanal, Odisha)

Resilience is something, in which people do better than expected given chronic and/or acute conditions that put them at risk. Both sociologists and social psychologists are striving very hard to dive deep into the dynamics of the subject. The paper makes an attempt to understand the concepts of personality and resilience. It analyses the theories and approaches to personality and resilience in a systematic manner. It also links these two concepts functionally and operationally.

Pages:348-352
Priyankar Singha and Sauvik Raychaudhuri (Department of Psychology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata)

The present study deals with gender difference in job satisfaction among the employees of public sector. Attempts were also made to assess their sense of well being, level of happiness and quality of interpersonal relationship. The sample size was 350 divided into 2 groups (male- 175 and female- 175). Each group was consisted respondents age ranging between 22-35 years and having minimum 2 years of job experience. The data were collected from several public sectors (educational sector, banking sector, railway sector, medical sector, non IAS-IPS sector, clerical sector and defence sector). Subjective well being inventory, Oxford happiness inventory, interpersonal relationship inventory and job satisfaction scale were administered to assess the sense of well being, level of happiness, quality of interpersonal relationship and Job satisfaction of the employees. No significant difference between the two genders has been revealed in the selected variables. Furthermore, significant correlation has been found between job satisfaction and the other selected variables for the present sample. The results of the present study can be fruitful for further research studies.

Pages:356-358
Sonal Agarwal and P. C. Mishra (Department of Psychology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh)

Although the components of mindfulness and spiritual intelligence may converge conceptually, few empirical researches have been conducted quantifying the relationship between these two constructs. This study aimed to find out the extent of association between mindfulness and spiritual intelligence among bank employees. It was hypothesized that the relationship between mindfulness and spiritual intelligence will be positive. The sample consisted of 120 bank employees working at a managerial position in various branches of State Bank of India, from the city of Lucknow and nearby districts (India). The minimum job experience of the participants was sixteen years,. Mindfulness was measured using the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale developed by Brown and Ryan (2003). The level of spiritual intelligence was assessed using the Spiritual Intelligence Self Report Inventory developed by King and Disico (2009). The data thus collected was analyzed using the Pearson product moment correlation analysis. Results revealed a statistically significant positive relationship between mindfulness and spiritual intelligence (r=0.28) (p value 0.01). Correlation analysis between mindfulness and the four sub scales of spiritual intelligence namely critical existential thinking, personal meaning production, conscious state expansion and transcendental awareness all revealed a low to moderately positive statistically significant relation. Thus, as the level of mindfulness increased, the levels of spiritual intelligence also increased and as the levels of mindfulness decreased, the level of spiritual intelligence also decreased. Future researches in this domain can attempt to find out the effect of mindfulness based intervention in enhancing individual's level of spiritual intelligence.

Pages:362-365
Vasantha Kumari R. (Clinical Psychologist, Sangeeth Nursing Home, Kochi, Kerala)

Nurturing character strengths values and gratitude in class rooms is one of the best ways in which we can empower the children to build a strong personality to face the challenges in the outside world and also help in nation building. Many of us are the result of sub-par education systems. Systems that teach us how to get a career and earn a wage - but not how to be truly happy and live a life at our full potential. Efforts have been made in this study to bring out the necessary factors which contribute to a positive school environment, where children grow into their full potential mentally physically and intellectually. An effort was made to collect the data from the views of eminent educationalists, their books, direct interaction with participants etc.A comes to the conclusion that there are certain values that are extremely necessary for life, but which are generally ignored by modern system of education and Positive education is closely linked to character strengths and values, which help the children widen their horizon

Pages:371-375
Vani Kakar (National University of Educational Planning and Administration, NCERT Campus, Hauz Khas, New Delhi) Nanki Oberoi (The Bitty Oberoi Foundation, Noida, Uttar Pardesh )

The aim of the present paper is to two fold. First, to explore the emotion of grief by reviewing the most prominent approaches that have attempted to understand it, and secondly to explore the modernized ways of mourning through social media. Since the advent of technology and newer forms of digital platforms the utilization of networking sites have significantly increased. This has set the tone for the present discussion since interacting with the internet especially through social media have become an integral part of every individuals lifestyle. Social networking sites have become a common site for reaching out to others for a sense of support and connection - it has also become a site to express grief and bereavement. The present paper attempts to bring together existing literature on how digital spaces have proven to be extraordinarily therapeutic for grieving individuals. The commentaries and studies swing between conflicting forms of evidence - on the one hand, grieving through social media is pointing to becoming a formalized death ritual in the 21st century, while on the other hand highlighting certain morbidities that expressions on social media prove to be, which seem to trivialize the very emotion of grief. While the sincerity of such forms of expression continue to be questioned, the reality of mourning through digital platforms must be acknowledged.

Pages:380-389
Swaroop R. (Department of Studies in Psychology, University of Mysore, Mysuru ) Kiran Kumar K. Salagame (Department of Psychology (Retired). University of Mysore, Mysuru) Archana Bhat Kallahalla (Department of Mathematics and Humanities- India Platform, BMS College of Engineering, Bengaluru)

Ancient India was a home for conceptual studies. More often than not, concepts were derived from the experiences of individuals. As most of the individual experiences come under the ambit of subjectivity, they perhaps lack the stamp of objectivity demanded by the modern science. Yet, potentially, many a times, subjective experiences of those individuals belonging to ancient India apparently form to be fragments of objective truths. It is in this context today that the empirical analysis of those concepts appears relevant and render meaningful. Every work of the ancients deemed as scriptures, proposed happiness as the primary aim of the self and also of the society. Alternatively, happiness can be also termed as self-sufficiency at the individual level and self-sustenance at the collective level. It is here that triguna played the role of a tool or an instrument to achieve the above mentioned individual and collective goals. There exists a thin blurring line of difference between the metaphysical concepts and psychological concepts of ancient India. Everything in the purview of triguna is psychological, whereas, a notch above triguna is metaphysical. This paper analyzes only the psychological relevance of the concept triguna. It also puts across the efforts as put in by the authors to standardize a Situation Sampling Methodology to examine the concept empirically. The tool consists of 25 life situations that are commonly experienced by people. For each of the situation a set of nine alternatives was provided that represent triguna and their combinations. The respondents have to answer all the nine alternatives on a five point scale indicating their extent of agreement. Valid data was obtained from 1854 persons representing different genders, age groups, educational attainments and professions and different regions of Karnataka for standardization. The responses were scored and weighted with a predetermined set of values guided by the traditional wisdom about the role of triguna in daily life. Weighted raw scores were used to develop T score and a Classification scheme for Interpretation for each of the nine alternative ways of responding, for different reference groups. The behavior of individuals can be understood in terms of a Profile which indicates the extent to which a person behaves in a particular way in terms of the three gunas and their combinations. The tool is checked for its reliability and validity on a separate sample of two hundred (200) persons who were administered the AHS (Altruism-Hedonism-Sadism) scale along with the IAS scale developed by George Mathew (1995) which is also a measure of triguna. The obtained results are discussed with reference to the previously developed scales. Purchase PDF Purchase hard copy

Pages:398-400
Sosan Pajoman and Nazanin Honarparvaran (Department of Counselling, Marvdash Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of play therapy on social skills and academic performance of elementary daughter students of the four areas the city of Shiraz. Due to the nature and purposes of research was used of the practical and implementation of the correlation method. The study included all female students in the first and the third grade of primary school of the four area the city of Shiraz 2014-2015 in the academic year that was selected 40 persons, in two test and control groups (each group 20 cases) by cluster random sampling method and randomly. For data collection was used Social skills of Matson (1983) and academic performance of shades and Taylor (1990). Data analysis was used using analysis of covariance. The findings showed that play therapy has influence positive direction on social skills and academic performance of students.