Indian Journal of Positive Psychology

Pages:209-211
Rouhollahi, M. (Department of Clinical Psychology, Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran) Khodabakhshi, A. (Department of Psychology and Counseling, Faculty, Khatam University. Tehran. Iran)

One of the concerns about depression is troubled cognition as well as quality of life in the patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of positive psychology training on irrational beliefs and quality of life in depressed patients. This quasi-experimental research was conducted with control and experimental group through pre-test and post-test. 30 individuals referred to counseling centers in the west of Esfahan were selected through convenience sampling method and randomly assigned to control and experimental groups. The tools used in this study were irrational beliefs questionnaire by Jones and quality of life (sf-36) questionnaire. The data analyzed through univariate statistical analysis of covariance. The findings revealed that positive psychology training caused a significant decrease in irrational beliefs and consequently a significant increase in quality of life in depressed patients compared to those in control group p< 0.001.

Pages:215-217
Humera Shafi, Arshi Khan, Asooda Maqbool, Bilal Ahmad, Mudassir Hassan and Rafiya Sharif (Department of Psychology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir)

Social support is most important in predicting the physical health and well-being, ranging from childhood to older adults. Social support influences the level of self-esteem of an individual. This important dimension of sustenance is considered as a specific requirement for taxing jobs, medical profession being one of them. During their encounters with patients/caregivers, healthcare team members and hospital management and their coping is the concern of the study. The objective of this study was to evaluate perceived social support and self-esteem among medical professionals. Evaluations of the relationships between perceived social support and self-esteem among medical professionals was done. The respondents completed a questionnaire including demographic information, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support and Rosenberg's self-esteem scale. Correlation and t-test analyses were conducted. Perceived social support and self esteem positively correlated among medical professionals. Further, perceived social support and self esteem in medical professionals, with respect to their gender did not differ significantly but regarding their employment sector they differed significantly. Medical educators should provide means to ameliorate social support, so as to increase or maintain self esteem in the long term.

Pages:221-223
Asif Hasan and Akbar Husain (Department of Psychology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh)

Spirituality is the welfare of all; develop yourselves in the physical, psychic, and spiritual planes while maintaining proper adjustment among them. The body you possess requires food, water, and so on to maintain its existence, and vital energy in order to function properly. To increase your vital energy, you need a suitable quantity of food. If you cannot maintain spiritual fitness through your own strengths, then others will not do for you. Spirituality may be beyond religious rituals and humanism beyond manmade factionalism. In this paper, we define spiritual fitness and suggested various ways such as strengthening of body and mind, controlling the mind, preparing gratitude journal, Sanatan Kriya, experience of oneness, yoga, meditation, focus on Divine messages, life energy, self-regulation, will power, serenity, personality traits, and prioritize work to develop spiritual fitness.

Pages:229-231
Bindu Kumari (Department of Psychology, Hindu Girls College, Sonepat, Haryana) Rajbir Singh (Department of Psychology, M.D.U., Rohtak, Haryana)

Post traumatic Growth (PTG) is a positive change that occurs as a result of major life traumatic events. The goal of the study is to identify the domains of Post Traumatic Growth in women. A projective technique Early Memory Procedure (EMP) is used and the participants narrated early life memories which resulted in identifying the themes related to Post Traumatic Growth. The study supported the domains of Calhoun & Tedeschi Post Traumatic Growth study and Relating to others, New Possibilities, Personal Strength, Spiritual Change & Appreciation of life emerged as major themes for Post Traumatic Growth.

Pages:237-240
Vinod Kumar Gupta and A. P. Singh (Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, B.H.U., Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh)

The aim of this review paper is to present an innovative idea to explore the role of different types of decision making style in mental health of managers. In present time of positive psychology much emphasis is being given in promoting and enhancing the mental health of individuals and it can be also seen in organizations which in turn lead to the proper functioning of organization.There are many studies in which decision making style has been taken as an antecedents and consequences. It has been considered as an antecedent for academic performance among students and taking health care and consequences of different types of mental illness but there is a lack of studies related to the determining role of different types of decision making style in promoting the mental health of managers. So this paper is an attempt to present the base and rationale to examine the role of different types of decision making style indetermining and promoting the mental health of managers. Findings of this study would help the organizations in designing better training models for those decision making styles that are found to be positively correlated with mental health. So in future there is a need for conducting empirical studies related to the decision making styles and mental health.

Pages:244-248
Jagpreet Kaur and Khushgeet Kaur Sandhu (Department of Education and Community Service, Punjabi University, Patiala )

In the present study, an attempt was made to explore life skills as predictors of risk-taking behaviour among prospective teachers. The data were collected from 200 prospective teachers of Moga district of Punjab, studying in B.Ed. colleges affiliated with Panjab University, Chandigarh through Life Skills Assessment Scale (LSAS) and Adolescent Exploratory and Risk Behavior Rating Scale. The results of the study revealed significant gender differences in life skills among prospective teachers. Further, female prospective teachers were found to possess significantly higher life skills than their male counterparts. The results also revealed that there was significant and positive correlation of 'effective communication' and 'problem solving' dimensions of life skills with risk-taking behaviour among prospective teachers. There was significant and negative correlation of 'self-awareness' 'empathy', 'critical thinking', 'decision making', 'coping with emotions' and 'coping with stress' dimensions of life skills as well as total life skills with risk-taking behaviour among prospective teachers. Further, there was no significant correlation of 'interpersonal relationships' and 'creative thinking' dimensions of life skills with risk-taking behaviour among prospective teachers. The results of step-wise multiple regression analysis revealed that total life skills and 'effective communication' dimension of life skills emerged out to be the most significant predictors of risk-taking behavior among prospective teachers. Implications of the results have been discussed.

Pages:256-260
Anupama Sihag (PGDCBM, Department of Distance Education, GJUS&T, Hisar, Haryana)

In this new era, every organization considers its workforce as an important source of its competitive advantage. For the success, survival and growth of a business, it is important for the organizations to be cautious and vigilant at different stages of hiring, retaining and developing talent. Understanding human behavior in workplace has always been one of the top prioritized tasks for any organization. It has become important for employers to know what motivates their employees. Moreover, there is increasing trend of frequent mobility of employees for better opportunity. They are no more working in organizations for a long term basis. Hence, it needs a proper understanding of what motivates and satisfies them at work to generate long term commitments. The present study was done on a sample of 50 healthcare employees from two branches of a private hospital in New Delhi. The questionnaire consisted of 14 statements based on the ten great ways to motivate employees by Nelson and Economy (2005). The results of the present study indicate that motivation is a crucial factor that enhances employees' performance and organizational growth.

Pages:264-268
Joshy Jacob Vazhappilly and Marc Eric S. Reyes (The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines)

The urge to belong to someone and maintain a relationship is one of the basic human needs. Marriage is a social institution that responds to this basic human need. But recent times witness an alarmingly rising rate of divorce and separation, making marital relationship a distressing factor rather than one that augments the well-being of the people. The purpose of this study was to develop an intervention program for enhancing couples' communication and marital satisfaction and to pilot test its feasibility and usability in the field of marriage therapy for enhancing marriage quality. Development of the program involved integration of qualitative and quantitative research designs. Primary Communication Inventory and Dyadic Adjustment Scale were used to measure the level of communication and marital satisfaction among the couples; interviews and Focused-Group Discussions were carried out to get a better understanding. Basing on these, a nine modular intervention was developed integrating the communication and emotion constructs of Non-Violent Communication (NVC) and Emotion-Focused Therapy (EFT). The program was subjected to expert validation by six inter-disciplinary experts and pilot tested with six couples. The intervention was positively received by the participants and the results of the pilot test showed improvement in the level of communication and marital satisfaction among the couples.

Pages:279-282
Mehrnaz Mazarei (Department of General Psychology, Arsanjan Branch Islamic Azad University, Arsanjan, Iran) Hasan Haghshenas (Department of Psychology, Arsanjan Branch Islamic Azad University, Arsanjan, Iran)

The aim of this study was to perform a comparative analysis of self-sufficiency among first-grade secondary students with employed and housewife mothers in Shiraz in the school year 2014-2015. To this end, a descriptive study with a causal-comparative method was performed. The research population included all 41300 seventh and eighth grade students in Shiraz, of whom 397 students were selected randomly as the research sample from four educational districts in Shiraz through multi-stage cluster sampling. Besides, inferential statistics (ANOVA and independent t-test) were used to analyze the data. The results showed there were significant differences in terms of self-sufficiency levels reported by male and female students in favor of the female students. In addition, there were no significant differences in self-reported levels of self-sufficiency between the respondents (students, parent, and teachers) in the districts under study. However, self-reported levels of self-sufficiency were significantly different in favor of eighth grade students. In addition, there were no significant differences in reported levels of self-sufficiency between students with employed and unemployed mothers. It was also noted that self-sufficiency levels were not significantly different among students in terms of mothers' work experience and their monthly income. The results showed that although the family conditions may affect the students' self-sufficiency levels, the personality traits of adolescents must be taken into account in order to strengthen their self-sufficiency.

Pages:287-291
Fatemeh Jafari Chahestani (Department of Industrial and Organizational Psychology Arsanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arsanjan, Iran ) Aminallah Fazel and Seyed Ahmad Mirjafari (Department of Psychology, Arsanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arsanjan, Iran )

The aim this was to evaluate the Prediction organizational productivity based on the quality of working life and personality traits among employees of Hormozgan province Gas Company. This study was applied research and correlation method. The questionnaires were distributed among 127 availability sample that selected among Gas personals. Instruments were personality traits (NEO- FFI) quality of working life (Walton, 1973) and organizational productivity (Jahed, 2006). The Data was analyzed through SPSS and AMOS software. The results showed that coefficient correlation between organizational productivity and quality of working life was -0.975 with reverse and meaningful and coefficient correlation between productivity and agreeableness was reverse and meaningful.