Indian Journal of Positive Psychology

Pages:243-245
Deepika (Department of Psychology, Lady Irwin College, University of Delhi, Delhi)

The term 'Attitude' encompasses a wide range of affective behaviours (e.g., prefer, accept, appreciate, & commitment). In general, an attitude is a mental state of readiness exerting direct or indirect influence upon an individual's response to all objects and situations with which it is related. Therefore if we have some idea about the attitude of an individual towards a specific thing or activity whether an individual can be persuaded to participate in a particular thing or activity then we would know whether he or she adopts it with interest and sincerity. Attitudes have a powerful influence on behaviour. Teachers' thoughts and beliefs about inclusion impact their behaviour in the classroom. Teachers' beliefs about their ability to succeed in teaching in an inclusive setting or their sense of self-efficacy also impacts on teaching behaviours. Present paper is an endeavor to understand the relation between the three key words Attitude, self-efficacy and valuing the learner diversity accordingly.

Pages:249-251
Jaishree Jain (Department of Psychology, SMS Medical College Jaipur, Rajasthan )

This research was conducted to investigate the clinical effects of a 10 days Preksha meditation samples consisted of 20 male and female between 20-50 years (16 females, 4 males, mean age = 38.29 years) qualified for the study and completed the baseline measurements. Participants mediated daily for 10 days. Psychological instruments were completed at baseline. A pre and post design was used for the study. Results of a mixed-effects model with Pair-Wise comparisons indicated significant decreases in several psychopathological variables such as anxiety, depression, aggression and enhancement in optimism. Thus this study showed that Preksha meditation can be used as psychotherapeutic intervention for a multitude of clinical issues.

Pages:258-259
Shikha (Department of Psychology, Govt. College for Women, Sirsa, Haryana)

When being asked the question what do you want most out of life, people from all over the world answer: to be happy. Happiness is the mental or emotional state of well-being which is characterized by positive or pleasant emotions. With the positive psychology movement Psychologists all over the world started focusing on the strengths of people and started studying the concept, correlates, and predictors of happiness and well-being. The present paper studies Emotional intelligence (EI) as one of the correlates of happiness. The people with highly developed EI are proven to be more happy and successful in life. Emotionally intelligent people are known to evaluate situations as less stressful and handle them better which results in a higher satisfaction with life and happiness. The present paper throws light on the concepts of happiness and Emotional Intelligence and attempts to find out how these relate to each other.

Pages: 342-346
Sonia Sharma (Department of Education and Community Service, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab)

The recent researches have proved that SQ also plays an equal important role in a person life as IQ and EQ play. This study aims to investigate the relationship between spiritual intelligence adjustments of working women. It was conducted on a sample of 100 working women of district Ludhiana. The main findings of this study signify that there is significant and negative relationship between spiritual intelligence and adjustment of working women. The working women with a higher level of spiritual intelligence have a higher level adjustment. However, there was significant difference found in spiritual intelligence of working women in relation to their age and family system.

Pages: 333-337
Ranju Lal (IIT, Indian School of Mines, Dhanbad, Jharkhand)
Pramod Pathak (Department of Management, Indian School of Mines Dhanbad, Jharkhand)
K. R. Chaturvedi (Department of Management, Krishna Institute of Engineering, & Technology, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh)

Spirituality is to get knowledge about oneself and the consideration of some supreme power by which the whole world or universe is being run and governed. People also find spirituality through acts of compassion, selfishlessness, altruism and the experience of inner peace. Students nowadays, are subjected to different kinds of stressors, such as the pressure of academics with an obligation to succeed, an uncertain future and difficulties of integrating into the system. This empirical research paper attempts to identify the relation between spirituality and stress in the student life. Perceived Stress Scale 14 (PSS-14) was used to assess stress level and data related to the level of spirituality is collected through the Daily Spiritual Experience Scale (DSES). Obtained score was statistically analyzed using SPSS version 20.0 e.g. to test he hypothesis. Hypothesis said that there is a relationship in Spirituality, stress and academic life of a student. Spirituality is higher than stress will be low and spirituality is low than stress will be high. This paper will present a study on spirituality and other coping techniques are used to cope with perceived stress among college students.

Pages: 320-327
Anjali Majumdar and Satishchandra Kumar (Department of Applied Psychology & Counselling Centre, University of Mumbai, Mumbai, Maharashtra)

Research has shown different uses for different styles of humor for various workplace environments. The present study focused on different styles of humor preferred in different professions as well as gender differences in styles of humor. The psychometric properties of the Humor Styles Questionnaire were also established in the Indian context. A sample of 210 participants (105 males & 105 females) from a range of 7 professions, chartered accountants, computer science engineers, doctors, educators, lawyers, nurses and police officers, filled the Humor Styles Questionnaire. The results reported that males use aggressive humor more than females, whereas females use self-defeating humor more than males. It was also observed that nurses had a high preference for affiliative humor and a very low preference for aggressive humor; doctors and police officers reported a high preference for self-enhancing humor; police officers had the highest preference for aggressive humor; and chartered accountants reported a high preference for self-defeating humor. Police officers reported the highest total score on the questionnaire, whereas lawyers reported the lowest score. The reliability of the four components of the questionnaire was found to be high. Factor analysis reported four components with Eigenvalues higher than 2.

Pages: 309-314
Jyotsna Singh (Department of Psychology, Arts Faculty, North Campus, University of Delhi, Delhi)
Fariha Ishrat Ullah (Department of Psychology, Amity University, Sector, Noida, Uttar Pradesh )

Eve teasing is emerging as a widespread burning issue throughout the country. It is a euphemism used in India for sexual harassment and molestation of women by men. Women of all ages are subjected to eve teasing, while school and college going girls top the list of victims of eve teasing. As a result of which women undergo severe stress and their well-being is affected. Therefore, it is necessary to focus on Psychological well-being of such victims. Psychological well-being is an outcome of experiences and interactions related to various aspects of our being. It is influenced by life events, personality characteristics, personal goals, perceived social support, the type of attribution one makes etc. Victims are in great depression at the time of eve teasing, when it is not possible to share the experience with the family members as the environment is not so friendly towards them. Therefore, in the present research paper the role of Social support in influencing the Psychological well-being of the victims of eve teasing has been studied by the researcher. It has been revealed that perceived social support plays an important role in determining the psychological well-being of victims of eve teasing.

Pages: 300-304
Aehsan Ahmad Dar (Lecturer Government Degree College, Sumbal Sonawari Bandipora, Jammu and Kashmir )
Mohammad Amin Wani (Department of Psychology , Annamalai University, Tamil Nadu)

The present study intended to examine the level of optimism, happiness, and self esteem among University students. Further, the study strived to find the correlation between the variables. This study consisted sample of 60 University students with equal number of male and female participants, selected through purposive sampling technique. The life orientation test revised (LOT-R) by Scheier, Carver, and Bridges (1994); Oxford happiness questionnaire (OHQ) developed by Hills and Argyle (2002); and Self esteem scale constructed by Rosenberg (1965) were used to measure optimism, happiness, and self esteem respectively. For statistical analysis Mean, t- Test, and Pearson Correlation were applied by using SPSS 20.0 version. The results revealed that male and 20-24 years old students have high level of optimism, happiness, and self esteem than female and 25-28 years old students. Significant difference was found between the mean scores of male and female students in respect to their optimism, happiness, and self esteem, whereas insignificant difference was found between the mean scores of 20-24 years old and 25-28 years old students in respect to their optimism, happiness, and self esteem. Further results also revealed that there is positively significant correlation between optimism, happiness, and self esteem. Concurrently, gender is negatively significant correlated with optimism, happiness, and self esteem, whereas age was found negatively insignificant correlated with optimism, happiness, and self esteem respectively. On the basis of the findings of the present study we may conclude that gender has an influential impact on optimism, happiness, and self esteem, whereas age does not.

Pages: 291-296
Jayati Bhattacharyya and Deepshikha Ray (Department of Psychology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata)

The present study aims to assess the influence of locus of control and moral disengagement on the moral judgment of young adults. 80 males and 80 females of age group 21-25 years were assessed on the dimensions of locus of control and moral disengagement. It was found out how these factors predicted the moral judgments of the sample in two situations situation 1 where out-group is perpetrator of violent acts and situation 2 where out-group is victim of such acts. Results show positive relationship between moral disengagement and punitive moral judgement. Males, as a group, are more likely to endorse judgments on moral issues than that of females. Socially defined group boundaries as the in group out group dichotomy in the present study facilitates differential moral judgement for the two groups.

Pages: 284-287
Christopher Alan Lewis (Department of Psychology, Bashkir State University, Ufa, Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia, Glyndŵr University, Plas Coch Campus, Mold Road, Wrexham, LL11 2AW, Wales, UK)
Mikhail Khukhrin and Svetlana Galyautdinova (Department of Psychology, Bashkir State University, Ufa, Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia)
Sadia Musharraf (National Institute of Psychology, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan)
Mary Jane Lewis (Department of Psychology, Glyndŵr, University, Plas Coch Campus, Mold Road Wrexham, LL11 2AW, Wales, United Kingdom)

There is growing recognition of the clinical utility of positive psychology. As part of an ongoing initiative to raise awareness of the growing number of scales in the field of positive psychology available to Russian researchers and clinicians, a number of scales have been translated recently from the original English version into Russian. The present aim was to introduce the Russian translation of the Positive Functioning Inventory (PFI) to facilitate research employing the Inventory among Russian speakers. The PFI is a very recently developed 12-item measure of general psychological health and positive functioning. A total affect score for psychological functioning is obtained, with higher scores indicating positive functioning and lower scores reflecting the presence of dysfunction. Matters raised during the translation process are noted. Suggestions for research with the Russian translation of the PFI are provided. Copies of both the original English version and the Russian translation of the PFI are provided in the appendix.