Indian Journal of Positive Psychology
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Dispositional Optimism, Psychological Well-being and Perceived Social Support among College Teachers Page: 43-47
Karthika Elizabeth1, Anjana George2, and Gopika Prasannan3 (Department of Psychology, K.E College, Mannanam, Kerala1,2 and Department of Applied Psychology, Rajiv Gandhi National Institute of Youth Development, Nemili, Tamil Nadu3)
A teacher is someone who assists students in gaining knowledge and skills, putting in a great deal of effort to teach and advance their students' careers. The foundation of any effort to achieve quality education is centered on the employment and working conditions of teachers. The objective of this study was to study the difference and relationship between dispositional optimistic attribution, perception of social support and psychological well-being of contractual teachers in aided and self-financing colleges. To conduct the study, a purposive sampling method was used to select 30 teachers from aided colleges and 30 teachers from self-financing colleges as the sample. The researchers used the Ryff psychological well-being scale, Multidimensional scale for perceived social support (MSPSS), and (LOT-R) Life orientation test revised to assess the levels of optimism, perceived social support, and psychological well-being among the teachers. The result shows that optimism, perceived social support, and psychological well-being are significant positive correlation among college teachers and found a statistically significant difference in optimism, psychological well-being and perceived social support among aided and self-financing teachers. This study gives the implication that the management of optimism and perceived social support predicts the psychological well-being of teachers and that will improve the quality of performance and the commitment towards the profession. Page: 43-47
Karthika Elizabeth1, Anjana George2, and Gopika Prasannan3 (Department of Psychology, K.E College, Mannanam, Kerala1,2… |
Page: 48-52
Shloka Hardikar and Ramdas Kolekar (Department of Psychology, Sir Parashurambhau College, Pune, Maharashtra)
The current study aims to study the relationship between emotional regulation, insomnia, and aggression. The aggressive behavior of an individual is influenced by various factors. This research investigated how insomnia and emotional regulation are related to aggression. A sample of 117 adults (84 females & 33 males) from the 18-60 age group were administered The Emotional Regulation Questionnaire (Gross & John, 2003) Insomnia Severity Index (Morin), and Brief Aggression Questionnaire (Webster et al., 2014) to check the Emotional Regulation, Insomnia, and Aggression respectively. A correlational study was carried out after analyzing the data. The findings suggest a negative correlation between insomnia and cognitive reappraisal and a negative correlation between aggression and cognitive reappraisal. The study has applications in educational and clinical settings. Page: 48-52
Shloka Hardikar and Ramdas Kolekar (Department of Psychology, Sir Parashurambhau College, Pune, Maharashtra) |
Page: 53-57
Jaspreet Kaur Bhatia1 and Mahimna Vyas2 (Amity Institute of Behavioral & Allied Sciences, Amity University Maharashtra1 and School of Liberal Arts and Human Sciences, AURO University, Surat, Gujarat2)
Spirituality, which has recently gained popularity in psychology, is empirically proven to play a significant part in the well-being of an individual. Children, who are naturally curious and exploring nature have gained researcher's attention. And the history of research on childhood spirituality has had mixed outcomes. Despite that, a lot of evidence points to a child's spirituality playing a significant part throughout their developmental process. This paper critically reviews the existing research and provides an overview of childhood spirituality and its relation to developmental aspects of their lives. Further, it is suggested to adapt a purely spiritual lens to study childhood spirituality, along with clearly defined research methods. Additionally, spirituality is relatively a vague concept. Attempts should be made to explain the concept in a more precise manner. Page: 53-57
Jaspreet Kaur Bhatia1 and Mahimna Vyas2 (Amity Institute of Behavioral & Allied Sciences, Amity… |
Page: 58-62
Niyati Bagla (Ex-postgraduate Student, Department of Clinical Psychology, Christ University, Delhi NCR)
The present research attempted to study the experience of caregiving and resultant compassion fatigue among family caregivers of cancer patients. In-depth, semistructured interviews were conducted on the quality of life, coping mechanisms and self-care patterns of the primary caregivers. A total of eight family caregivers residing in Delhi, were recruited for the purpose of the study. The sample comprised of four male and four female, within the age range of 25 to 40 years. The data were subjected to thematic analysis using the Braun and Clark (2006) approach. The major themes identified were: 'general experience of caregiving', 'change in relational dynamics', 'negative impact of caregiving experience', 'positive impact of caregiving experience', 'role of social support system', 'coping mechanisms', and 'changing dynamics of self-care'. Page: 58-62
Niyati Bagla (Ex-postgraduate Student, Department of Clinical Psychology, Christ University, Delhi NCR) |
Page: 63-66
Shivani Arora and Suhas Shetgovekar (School of Social Sciences, Indira Gandhi National Open University (IGNOU), Delhi)
Mothers rearing children with intellectual disability experience excessive distress as they have to take extra care of the child and needs to invest more time in meeting the day-to-day needs of the child. This impacts their marital quality as they are left with less time to focus on their relationship. Therefore, it becomes essential for mothers having children with disability to develop psychological hardiness in order to combat the originated stressors. The present study aims to see whether any significant difference exists between psychological hardiness and marital quality in mothers having children with and without intellectual disability. For this purpose, the data was collected from (N=50) mothers having children with intellectual disability and (N=50) mothers having children without intellectual disability. In the present study, purposive sampling was used. Psychological Hardiness Scale by Kobasa and Maddi (1984) and Martial Quality Scale by Shah (1991, 1995) were used in the present study. Data were analyzed using inferential statistics such as an Independent sample t-test and Pearson product-moment correlation. A significant difference exists between the two groups in marital quality and various dimensions of psychological hardiness. But no significant relationship is seen between psychological hardiness and marital quality among the two groups. Page: 63-66
Shivani Arora and Suhas Shetgovekar (School of Social Sciences, Indira Gandhi National Open University… |
Page: 67-71
Anjana Gauri Pendyala1 and Mahimna Vyas2 (Amity Institute of Behavioral & Allied Sciences, Amity University Maharashtra1 and School of Liberal Arts and Human Sciences, AURO University, Surat, Gujarat2)
Grit was conceived as the compound of consistency of interests and perseverance of effort. It has further evolved to include adaptability to situations and steadfastness in adverse situations in non-Western contexts. Researchers worldwide have studied grit in the context of education, academic achievement, job performance, athlete success, and physical and mental health outcomes. Grit literature has attracted criticism in recent times with respect to the theoretical and empirical foundations of grit as a construct. This critical review provides a comprehensive analysis of the conceptualization of grit beyond the WEIRD context, its measurement, correlates, and cross-cultural efforts at studying grit and enhancing grit. Future suggestions for grit research are provided including the diversification of population and methodology, with an emphasis on health and well-being outcomes associated with grit. Page: 67-71
Anjana Gauri Pendyala1 and Mahimna Vyas2 (Amity Institute of Behavioral & Allied Sciences, Amity… |
Page: 72-75
Ajit Kumar Singh1, Gyanesh Kumar Tiwari2, and Piyush Deurkar3 (Department of Psychology, Amity Institute of Behavioural & Allied Sciences, Amity University, Jaipur, Rajasthan1, Department of Psychology, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Sagar, Madhya Pradesh2, and Department of Psychological Sciences, Central University of South Bihar, Gaya, Bihar3)
Unforgiveness, holding negative emotions towards the transgressor consciously, has either been considered less important for mental health and well-being or has long been ignored as a worthy psychological construct for further investigation. Worthington and Wade (1999) firstly proposed that forgiveness and unforgiveness are distinct but related constructs. Many other researchers showed its negative and positive impacts on mental health and well-being of adults. But the unforgiveness experiences of adolescents were left untouched. The present study examined adolescents' experiences of unforgiveness using a qualitative research design. Twenty-nine participants (14-18 years) were interviewed. The interview contents were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using the thematic analysis method. Three themes were generated. Transgressions faced by the adolescents, reasons for not forgiving the offender, and consequences of unforgiveness. Harassment, unethical behaviour, and threat to personal and social regard were some major types of transgressions reported by the adolescents as unforgivable. Cheating and misconduct, continuous harm, and unacceptability of behaviours were the reasons highlighted by them as reasons for not forgiving the offender, while positive and negative feelings were reported as consequences of unforgiveness by the adolescents. The study findings may have significant implications for theory and practice. For example, adolescence is considered to be the most critical period of human life, and the experiences of adolescents may affect their entire life. Understanding and resolving unforgiveness experiences in adolescents may help them to adjust with the difficulties and challenges of their adult lives. Page: 72-75
Ajit Kumar Singh1, Gyanesh Kumar Tiwari2, and Piyush Deurkar3 (Department of Psychology, Amity Institute… |
Page: 76-84
Anmol Toor and Tejpreet Kaur Kang (Department of Human Development and Family Studies, College of Community Science, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab)
The investigation entitled “A Study of Dispositional Resilience among College Students during COVID-19 Pandemic. A study of Dispositional resilience among college students during COVID-19 pandemic” aimed to assess the Dispositional resilience of college students. The study was conducted on a sample of 500 college students in the age range of 19-21 years studying in various undergraduate programmes offered by different rural and urban colleges of Ludhiana district of Punjab. The sample was equally divided between the two genders (250 males & 250 females) and locale (250 rural & 250 urban). The sample was randomly drawn from the selected colleges that were partially operating during the pandemic. A set of questionnaire was given to each respondent namely, General Information Sheet and Self-Structured Dispositional Resilience (Hardiness) Questionnaire and a General Information Sheet was also distributed. Later the scoring was done and the results were tabulated. Results revealed that in Significant gender differences were found between the urban males and urban females in the commitment dimension of dispositional resilience. In the communication dimension of dispositional resilience, the rural males scored higher as compared to rural females, while in the urban area, the urban females scored higher than the urban males. Rural females scored significantly higher than the rural males in the overall dispositional resilience. Page: 76-84
Anmol Toor and Tejpreet Kaur Kang (Department of Human Development and Family Studies, College… |
Page: 85-91
C. Neelayathatchi and Alka Ranjan (Department of Psychology, Jain Deemed to be University, Bengaluru, Karnataka)
The National Youth Policy of India (2014) categorizes adolescents as those aged between 10-19. This segment, comprising 19.6 % of the nation's population takes part in a range of sporting activities for recreation, fitness and a possible sporting career. Parents are usually the first initiators for their child's sport participation and subsequently serve as motivators for further progress in sports. Parents invest time, energy and money in youth sports and this contribution is broadly termed as “parental involvement in sport”. This systematic review identifies the effect of parental involvement on the adolescent mental health. The results revealed that in general, parental involvement can positively influence factors such as enjoyment, motivation, and long-term involvement in sports. Alternatively, when the adolescents perceive parental influence as pressuring or excessively expecting or criticizing, it leads to negative experiences such as competition anxiety and low self-esteem, thereby leading to decreased sporting performance. It also emerged that parental involvement had a strong and direct bearing on the pre-competition and competition anxiety levels of adolescent players. The relationship between parental involvement, self-esteem, sports achievement motivation and choice of sport also emerged during this review. Page: 85-91
C. Neelayathatchi and Alka Ranjan (Department of Psychology, Jain Deemed to be University, Bengaluru… |
Page: 92-97
Nandini Sukhija, Pragati S. Kumar, Sadeeqah Patel, Nirja Shah, Sakshi Shah, Mukti Manai, Harshika Garodia, and Reeti Jain (Department of Psychology, Mithibai College of Arts, Mumbai, Maharashtra)
Previous research on depressive rumination has shown its association with undesirable outcomes and mental disorders. However, much less is known about responses to positive affect, especially outside the clinical population. Researchers of the present study identified positive rumination and dampening as two affect regulation strategies, where the former was distinguished into self-focused rumination and emotion-focused rumination. It was expected that positive rumination would positively predict subjective well-being and motivational persistence whereas dampening would be negatively related to the two variables. Data were collected through online self-report measures (n=345). Results indicate that a significant positive correlation exists between positive rumination and subjective well-being, while dampening is negatively related to it. Motivational persistence is found to be positively predicted by positive rumination. Implications and suggestions for future research are discussed. Page: 92-97
Nandini Sukhija, Pragati S. Kumar, Sadeeqah Patel, Nirja Shah, Sakshi Shah, Mukti Manai, Harshika… |
Page: 98-100
Meenakshi Chouhan (Department of Education, IGNOU Delhi)
The main aim of the present study was to find out the impact of resilience on mental health of students. A sample of 60 (30 male & 30 female) college students in the age group of 18-22 years, was derived from Jammu Private Colleges through incidental sampling. The participants were assessed with General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) and 14-item resilience scale and they were classified as high or low scorers on resilience. A 2×2 ANOVA was used for data analysis. The results showed that the students having higher scores on resilience were more mentally healthy than the low scorers. Gender significantly affected the mental health of students. The interactive effects of gender and resilience for mental health scores were statistically non-significant. Page: 98-100
Meenakshi Chouhan (Department of Education, IGNOU Delhi) |
Page: 327-332 Arrackal Annamma Thomas1 and Lucila Ortiz Bance2 (The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines1 and Department of Clinical Psychology, The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines2) Adolescents' Pathological Internet Use (PIU) is on the rise reaching epidemic proportions and is a serious public health concern worldwide. Empirical studies linking PIU with functional impairment in various domains of life identify the affected person with a lower functional quality in his/her daily life. This research looked into the effectiveness of the program 'Self-regulation and Quality of Life Intervention' (SQOLIP) in minimizing PIU and enhancing the life quality of adolescents with PIU from the state of Kerala, South India. The SQOLIP was developed using a mixed method-multiphase research design and a randomized controlled trial with two groups including thirty-six (36) participants. The severity of PIU and the degree of quality of life of the study groups were tested using the Internet Addiction Test (IAT) and WHOQOL-Bref scale. Results of the post-test scores in the t-test, the experimental group exhibited significant changes when compared with the scores of its pre-test and showed a large effect by Cohen's d test on the degree of effectiveness of the SQOLIP. The outcomes of the research signified that the SQOLIP brought about profound changes in the behaviour of the participants in the tested group evidencing it as effective. Future research is suggested for experimental studies on the effectiveness and its compliances on a larger sample with PIU, having diverse cultural backgrounds to maximize its benefits and uphold its utility. Page: 327-332
Arrackal Annamma Thomas1 and Lucila Ortiz Bance2 (The Graduate School, University of Santo… |
Page: 333-339 Sebastian Ouseph1 and Lucila Ortiz Bance2 (The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines1 and Department of Clinical Psychology, The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, España, Manila, Philippines2) Marriage is an institution that forms man and woman into family life. Being in a happy marriage is fundamental requisite for married couples. Marital satisfaction of the couples is a crucial element for marital quality and stability of the family. Marital satisfaction is related to various factors such as marital stress and communication quality. Stress is inevitable in the everyday life of couples and it influences their marital satisfaction. Ineffective communication quality of couples reduces an overall sense of understanding, and closeness, and eventually leads to marital dissatisfaction. The study examined the impact of marital stress and communication quality on marital satisfaction, which is the basis for a proposed Couple Relationships Enhancement Program. Participants of this study consisted of 108 couples (N=216) of two to 10 years of marriage purposely selected from Kerala, India. This study utilized a mixed research design. The Stockholm Marital Stress Scale (SMSS), the Revised Dyadic Adjustment Scale (RDAS), and the Primary Communication Inventory (PCI) were used as measures of the study. The result of the study showed a strong negative correlation between marital stress and marital satisfaction (r= -.820, p < .01) whereas there is a strong positive correlation between marital communication quality and marital satisfaction (r= .927, p < .01), which were statistically significant. Marital stress and communication quality were significant predictor variables of marital satisfaction based on the regression model. The descriptive and correlational results of this study resolutely implicated the development of a couple's relationship enhancement program for enhancing marital satisfaction through effective communication skills and thereby reducing marital stress among young couples. Page: 333-339
Sebastian Ouseph1 and Lucila Ortiz Bance2 (The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas… |
Page: 340-351 M. Louie Doss and Lawrence SoosaiNathan (Anugraha Institute of Social Sciences, Dindigul, Tamil Nadu) Gratitude is one's “general tendency to recognize and respond with grateful emotion to other people's benevolence” (McCullough, Emmons, & Tsang, 2002, p. 2). It is considered a treasure, and all religions, cultures, and moral teachings have asserted the value and benefits of gratitude for nurturing human relations. This study aims at developing a tool to measure the level of gratitude in common people in the age group of 20-60. The constructed and validated Anugraha-Loyola Gratitude Scale (ALGS-48) consists of 48 items with six dimensions based on general, relational, emotional, spiritual, expressive, and ecological aspects. The suitability of the items was found in the first phase by the Cronbach Alpha test based on the pilot study (N = 160). The internal consistency, validity, reliability, and test-retest reliability of ALGS-48 were established based on the study conducted on a larger sample (N = 1116). The concurrent validity of the ALGS-48 scale was correlated with Oxford Happiness Questionnaire (OHQ), Gratitude Questionnaire-Six-Item Form (GQ-6), and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). The results showed a positive correlation between OHQ and GQ-6 while BAI had a negative correlation. The applicability, limitations, and norms for the interpretation of ALGS-48 are discussed in detail. The results of this study indicate that the ALGS-48 possesses adequate psychometric qualities to measure gratitude among the commoners in the Indian context. Page: 340-351
M. Louie Doss and Lawrence SoosaiNathan (Anugraha Institute of Social Sciences, Dindigul… |
Page: 352-355 Azaz Khan and Dinesh Nagar (Department of Psychology, Barkatullah University, Bhopal) The role of healthcare providers is considered as one of the pillars of healthcare systems, although the healthcare profession is demanding, challenging and concentrated on patient care and safety. The objective of the study was to examine the relationship between healthcare providers' psychological capital (PsyCap) and Job engagement. PsyCap is a psychological personal resource consisting of four constructs (hope, self-efficacy, resilience, optimism) that is used for personal development and growth processes (Luthans & Youssef, 2004) and can be developed and assessed (Luthans et al., 2007). Job engagement refers to a positive, fulfilling, and job-related personal resource demonstrated by vigor, dedication and absorption (Schaufeli & Bakker, 2010). Research evidence suggests that both of these personal resources may benefit healthcare providers both individually and organizationally. The correlational design with a total sample of 300 healthcare providers was utilized. The PsyCap Questionnaire (PCQ24) and the Utrech Job Engagement Scale (UWES 17) were used to examine study variables. The result of the correlation analysis revealed a positive relationship between all the components of PsyCap (hope, self-efficacy, resilience & optimism) and Job engagement (vigor, dedication & absorption). This is concluded that public healthcare providers' job engagement levels will vary with their PsyCap in a positive direction. For a healthcare organisation to accomplish healthcare service level goals, it is crucial to measure the PsyCap and work engagement of healthcare providers and design an intervention for enhancing their individual psychological and job resources. Page: 352-355
Azaz Khan and Dinesh Nagar (Department of Psychology, Barkatullah University, Bhopal) |
Page: 361-367 Rachna Rani (Department of Applied Psychology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, Haryana) A teacher is a core element of our educational system, a creator of humanity, and the builder of our society. A teacher is a backbone of a nation and its progress depends upon the education system. A significant part of our lives is focused on work, and job satisfaction is one of the most prominent theoretical matters in the context of an individual's life. Many people believe that educators build a society because they choose this career path because of the many advantages it offers in terms of career transformation, leadership, satisfaction, and healthy relationships with colleagues and students. The main objective of the current study was to determine the level of job satisfaction among primary school teachers, regardless of their employment status (private vs. government) or gender (male vs. female) in District Hisar, affiliated with the HBSE Board of Haryana. In this present research, 120 primary school teachers from both government and private schools were examined. The Job Satisfaction Scale (JSS) Inventory by Spector (1994) was used to collect information. To achieve the objective, descriptive statistics and independent t-test were processed in this research study. The obtained data were analysed by using SPSS version 25.0. The findings revealed that was a significant difference between government and private primary school teachers. There was a higher level of satisfaction among government school teachers compared to private primary school teachers. Page: 356-360
Rachna Rani (Department of Applied Psychology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology… |
Page: 361-367 Arushi Srivastava (School of Human Ecology, Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Mumbai, Maharashtra) Being part of a faith group aids individuals cope and make meaning during extenuating conditions. Research suggests that social connection to a spiritual group facilitates individuals' and communities' well-being. The Covid-19 pandemic presented various socio-emotional difficulties. The present study aims to understand if being a part of a spiritual group helps cultivate spirituality, resilience, hope, and social connectedness and if these factors helped women cope during the pandemic. The study uses a quantitative comparative design, with two groups of women participants (18-40 years). The first group (30) of women belonged to a spiritual group (WSG), and the second (35) group of women were not a part of any spiritual group (WNSG). The data was collected through snowball sampling in Lucknow, and participants completed online self-report measures on Spirituality (Spirituality Assessment Scale), Resilience (Brief Resilience Scale), Hope (Adult Hope Scale), and Social Connectedness (Social Connectedness Scale). To study the level of participation with the spiritual group and their experiences during the pandemic a few open- ended questions were employed. The findings reveal that WSG was more spiritual, resilient, hopeful, and socially connected than WNSG. The association with the spiritual group provided them the means to utilize various adaptable socio/emotional strategies, helping them cope during the pandemic. The current study has significant implications for spirituality and positive psychology in terms of offering efficient stress-reduction techniques for coping. Mental health practitioners can utilize spiritual practices as therapeutic interventions to enhance hope and resilience while facing stressful situations. Page: 361-367
Arushi Srivastava (School of Human Ecology, Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Mumbai, Maharashtra) |
Page: 368-371 Alagh, N., Chadha, N.K., and Malhotra, L. (Wellness Mandala Pvt. Ltd., Gurugram, Haryana) This paper presents the process of standardisation of Joy Care, a newly developed scale of psychological well-being, which builds upon ideas put forward by Ryff (1989); Diener, Robert, Emmons, Larsen, and Griffin (1985); and Watson, Clarke, and Tullegen (1988) among others. To address the need for valid and reliable assessment that helps gauge psychological health, Joy-care was developed for the Indian population. While the scale is not a diagnostic tool, it aims to address gaps in data on mental well-being in the Indian context, and thus integrally supports the preventive model of health. The five domains being evaluated include: perception of self, relational well-being, emotional experience, perceived personal growth, life outlook, each producing a score from 1 to 5. The assessment has 98 items, is easily administered, accessible and available on Wellness Mandala's proprietary virtual platform. It requires the least amount of time and effort on the mental health professional's part, yet aims to provide in-depth insights that can guide the direction of psychotherapeutic interventions. The tool was developed and standardised, using a sample of 522 individuals, with appropriate psychometric properties, for the working Indian population, aged between 23 to 65 years. The scale was found to be highly internally consistent, with Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.948. Two distinct categories for norms were created based on age, i.e., those 32 and below and those 33 and above. Joy-care is a standardised, reliable and valid measure of psychological well-being developed for the Indian population that can be a valuable addition to the mental health community's efforts to support psychological well-being. Page: 368-371
Alagh, N., Chadha, N.K., and Malhotra, L. (Wellness Mandala Pvt. Ltd., Gurugram, Haryana) |
Page: 372-376 Naila Firdous and Shah Alam (Department of Psychology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh) The present analysis is outlined to understand the interrelation between emotional intelligence and self-efficacy of adolescents. In the study, a descriptive correlation research design was used. A total of 120 students participated where 60 were males, and 60 were females. The sample was taken from various schools in Aligarh using a convenient sampling method. The scale of General Self-efficacy, formulated in 1995 by Schwarzer and Jerusalem, and the Emotional Intelligence Scale of Singh and Narain (2014) were used to conduct the study. For the purpose of analysis, Pearson's Product Moment Correlation and Independent Samples t-test were used. The finding signified a substantial association between general self-efficacy and the emotional intelligence of adolescent students. Gender differences were also sorted, and it was found that female adolescent students were lower on general self-efficacy and emotional intelligence compared to their male counterparts. The study also demonstrated the contribution of self-efficacy and emotional intelligence in the development of coping strategies and the academic success of adolescent students. Page: 372-376
Naila Firdous and Shah Alam (Department of Psychology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar… |
Page: 377-381 Mohd Mustafa1 and Sneha Gulati2 (Department of Psychology, Panjab University, Chandigarh1 and Department of Psychology, Manav Rachna University, Faridabad Haryana2) The purpose of the current study was to investigate how age and gender interact with Mindfulness attention awareness and Perceives Stress. For this purpose, a sample of 351 participants was contacted for the study, including 113 males and 238 females. Age groups 18-25 and 26-35 were contacted using Google forms and age groups 36-50 were contacted offline from Delhi and Chandigarh through simple random sampling. In the sample, 67.8% were females and 32.2% were males. The Perceived Stress scale developed by (Cohen & Williamson, 1988) and Mindfulness Attention Awareness Scale developed by (Brown & Ryan, 2003) were used to collect data from the participants. To study the difference across different age groups and gender, an Independent sample t-test, and Tukey's HSD test were used for data analysis. The results of the study conclude that a significant gender difference exists in the level of stress perceived, where females were found to have reported higher levels of perceived stress as compared to males. It is also seen that perceived stress has a significant difference in the age group 18-25 and 26-35 when compared with 36-50 years. On the mindfulness attention awareness, neither different age groups nor gender showed any significant difference. Further, the correlation between mindfulness attention awareness and the level of perceived stress revealed a negative relationship which suggests that as the level of mindfulness increases, perceived stress will decrease. Page: 377-381
Mohd Mustafa1 and Sneha Gulati2 (Department of Psychology, Panjab University, Chandigarh1 and Department… |