IAHRW International Journal of Social Sciences Review
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Pages: 12-15 The present study was carried out with the violence of women's rights at work place. An attempt has been made in the study to understand the socio-economic background of the working women and the violence of women's rights at work place. For this purpose, 100 respondents were randomly technique was applied to collect data from working women in private school from south Delhi. It was found that majority of the respondents were facing some kind of violence such as delay in promotion, denial in leave, sexual harassment, verbal harassment and favouritism to a few women. |
Pages: 16-18 Now a days there is trends for formulation of high quality, healthy products for the healthy life style and appropriate nutrition using available food crops. The pseudo-cereals amaranth and buckwheat have attracted much interest in recent years. In addition to being one of the important energy sources due to their starch content, these pseudo-cereals provide good quality protein, dietary fibre and lipids rich in unsaturated fats. This study examined the functional properties of flour of these pseudo-cereals to improve technological quality of end-use food products. Amaranth exhibited 159.1% water absorption capacity, 16.66% gelation capacity, 0.03g/g emulsification capacity, 43.6% flour solubility and 8.30g/g swelling power. On the other hand, buckwheat showed 135.2% water absorption capacity, 30.66% gelation capacity, 0.56g/g emulsification capacity, 22.4% flour solubility and 7.63g/g swelling power. The results depicted that gelation capacity, emulsification capacity of buckwheat flour was higher than amaranth flour whereas, water absorption capacity, flour solubility and swelling power of amaranth flour was higher than buckwheat flour. |
Pages: 19-25 Changes in the size, composition, and distribution of population are closely related with the demographic structure of workforce. On the other hand, the workforce participation rates vary according to the stages of economic development, across culture, age groups, and between sexes. Indian economy has been chiefly agricultural which contributes about one third to the total economy and employs more than half of the workforce. In developing countries agricultural development wholly depends upon the work force. Working force is the economically active part of the population engaged in the production of goods and services. The present paper examines the spatial distribution of workers including total workers, agricultural workers, cultivators and agricultural labourers who were engaged in agriculture sector. |
Pages: 26-30 "Human dignity" has turned into a vital piece of the vocabulary of comparative constitutionalism. Right to dignity has become an integral part of both national and international level. This article discusses about the origin and concept of right to human dignity in India and Germany. The main focus is the comparison and analysis of the legal scenario of the right in both the countries. |
Pages: 31-36 This paper tries to explore the clearly demarcated and consistent difference of health care delivery systems through India sans any malice to a particular sector (public/private). While drawing on the 'Bhore Committee Recommendations' as a foundation for brining in perceived equitability in health care, the paper tries to dwell on India's virtual flip flops in terms of following a uniform and robust model of healthcare delivery system, despite of an NHS like structure in place. The country's resilience in managing this humongous public healthcare structure stands exposed through repeated miniscule budgetary outlays for 'Health', year after year. The paper chronicles the deep rooted dichotomies within the Indian Health System in the context of 'Rural-Urban', 'Public-Private modelled healthcare delivery systems' and 'Preventive-Curative mechanisms' while hypothesising if the present model of overt dependency on the State for development sectors like 'public health' is a prudent enough policy? Or in other words, can India elude itself from (the now) consolidated private healthcare system? And if not, can there be a plausible convergence that accounts for 'social justice' within its intricate delivery mechanism? |
Pages: 37-40 Religious leaders play an important role for any religious clan. These religious leaders usually have high importance in guiding and advising the particular religious members of the group. It is very important that the religious leaders must be sensitive to the needs of the religious members and flexible to provide advice. But it has been seen that if the leader is high on Machiavellianism, he will be more manipulative and focus on his personal advantage than the real welfare of people. The present study aims at investigating Machiavellian traits in religious leaders and the relationship of Machiavellianism with life satisfaction, altruism and resilience in them. The sample was a purposive sample and were selected as per the availability of the clergymen. The results showed a negative correlation of Machiavellianism with life satisfaction and altruism indicating that individuals high on Machiavellianism are low on both life satisfaction and altruism. No significant relationship was found between Machiavellianism and resilience. Significant correlation was found between altruism and life satisfaction. |
Pages: 41-43 There are number of institutions in the economy of any country. Taking into consideration their duties and responsibilities being performed by them, they are classified into economic institutions, political institutions, religious institutions, social institutions, legal institutions, cultural institutions, and so and so forth. In traditional ideology of the thought, caste is a social institution. It has been originated to perform social duties and responsibilities, and it has a strong religious base. Thus caste as a social institution discharges both the social as well as religious functions. Nobody has looked at caste system as an economic institution. Even nobody thought of caste system can be an economic institution, which provides the framework of an economic system and performs the number of economic functions. It can perform the economic functions of the economic institutions like production, distribution, consumption, allocation and utilization of the productive resources and distribution of the goods and services among the people in the society as a whole. It is the Dr. B. R. Ambedkar, a unique personality in the world, who had an innovative approach looking towards the caste system, that caste is not only a social institution, but prominently it is an economic institution. Hence it performs the number of economic functions, and it is therefore an economic organisation. It is therefore Dr. Ambedkar started with studying the origin, mechanism and development of castes in India to the annihilation of the caste system in his very commendable research work for the seminar and conference presidential address. He is of the opinion that caste system in India is an economic institution, and more importantly it performs the number of economic functions in the society, which are dominantly economically exploitative to the depressed and backward communities like dalits in India. He has examined how caste system is an economic institution, the economic functions it performs, its exploitation of the backward and deprived communities in India, and more importantly how the annihilation of the caste system is possible. It is against this over all background, the present paper endeavours to examine the economic analysis of the caste system provided by Dr. B. R. Ambedkar in his book 'Annihilation of Caste', and also explores its present relevance in India . The present study concludes that there is applicability of the economic analysis of the caste in India even in the present context also. |
Pages: 44-46 In an attempt to promote the use of hand made crafts and textiles of Haryana by making them commercially viable beejani, the traditional hand fan, was reduced in size and made foldable in design. Modifications in colour fabric and embellishments were also done as per the suggestions of the 30 experts. Acceptability by consumers was assessed by displaying in International Trade Fair, Delhi and recording responses of 200 visitors. The seven product features assessed were aesthetic appeal, utility, workmanship, uniqueness, color combination, fabric and traditional value. Acceptability of beejani for traditional value, aesthetic appeal and utility was found excellent while for colour combination, fabric, workmanship and uniqueness was found to be very good. On an average, acceptability was found to be very good. |
Pages: 47-50 The present study attempts to explore the predictors of caregiver burden in parents of children with Autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The sample consisted of 20 parents (fathers = 2; mothers = 18) of individuals with ASD, with a mean age of the parents as 39.2 years (SD = 8.01) and the age range of their children afflicted by ASD being 5 to 13 years. The predictors included 'Socio-Economic Status of the Caregivers'; assessed by “Socio-Economic Status Scale” by Kuppuswamy (1983); 'Age of Caregivers', 'Age of the Individual with ASD', 'Stigma of the Caregivers'; assessed on “Experience with Stigma Scale” by Werman and Schulman (2013); 'Functional status' of the individual with ASD was assessed by 'Katz Index of Activities of Daily Living' (Katz, 1983); and 'Lawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale' (Lawton & Brody, 1969). Care giver burden was assessed by the scale developed by Zarit et al. (1980). The results of Stepwise Multiple Regression Analysis revealed that 'Experience of Stigma' is the major predictor of 'Caregiver Burden' and 63.5 % of variations of score in 'Caregiver Burden' is explained by variations of score in 'Experience of Stigma'. |
Pages: 51-54 A survey conducted to identify the clothing needs of the female farm workers during field activities revealed that there is a need for special clothings; that besides providing comfort should be functional and protective. Innovative design features were added to their existing clothing to enhance their performance during field activities. Back side of kameez folded and tacked, elastic at wrist, straps at thigh level fastened with velcro/studs/strings were other features found to be suitable to prevent various problems during field work hence improved efficiency of farm workers preventing injuries to body. Neck length hood having face cover of mulmul, stitched with head cover and net at eye level to prevent inhalation or flying of dust particles in to eyes and sticking to head was found to be highly acceptable and functional. |
Pages: 55-57 The present study tries to investigate 'implicit moral reasoning' by using a priming paradigm wherein a prime can influence the categorization of a target word into two categories viz. 'morally wrong' or 'not morally wrong'. The participants comprised of healthy female young adults (age ranging from 18 to 25 years) with a minimum educational qualification of graduation in any discipline. The prime consisted of phrases (ranging from 5 to 9 words) denoting actions which are either a 'highly immoral activity' (e.g., 5 year old girl raped) or a 'highly moral activity' (e.g., girl jumps into river to save little brother). The target words had a 'non-moral' negative connotation (e.g., Distress, Illness). The prime and targets were presented with the help of a software designed for the purpose; the 'latency' of responding to the target and the 'frequency' of target being categorized into 'morally wrong' in each condition (i.e., variation of nature of prime) was measured. Statistical analysis revealed that target words (which are inherently unpleasant but without explicit moral connotation) are likely to be morally judged or categorised based on the nature of prime received by the participant (i.e., prime phrase denoting a moral activity or an immoral activity). |
Pages: 58-60 Water, Sanitation and Hygiene are some of the most basic needs for human health and survival. Specially pure drinking water is of utmost importance among sanitation and hygiene concepts. keeping in view the study is planned to take a overall view of drinking water availability in urban area and performance of various water filters available in market. Water samples fromMunicipal water works, Tubewells and Handpump were tested. Five types of filters i.e Membrane filter, Candle filter, UV-rays + candle filters, Chemical treatment filters and three steps filter were selected for bacteriological analysis of water. Contaminated unfiltered water samples were taken purposively for the testing.After filtration it was found that UV rays +candle filter(F1) and three Steps filter (F2) were best in terms of removing impurities in terms of coliform count, faecal coliform count and viable count present in all three sources of water. F3 filter (chemical filters) had removed all the impurities present in unfiltered handpump water and reduced the impurities approximately ten times from other two sources of filter i.e. water from waterworks and tubewell. F4 filter (candle filter) and F5 (membrane filter), ranked III and IV respectively because these filters were found to remove the above mentioned impurities to some extent. It was also found from the available results that F3, F4 and F5 filters were proved to be much more effective when the bacterial counts were less in unfiltered water taken from the all three sources. Thus, it can be concluded that F1 and F2 filters are best out of five filters tested in terms of performance evaluation and are, therefore, recommended for use by the consumers. |
Pages: 61-63 Violence among children has always been a topic of interest to many social scientists, and bullying behavior has grown out of this field. Peer groups become very important during adolescence. Peer influences on bullying behavior have concluded that increased aggressive behavior within peer networks is associated with increases bullying behavior. The present paper reviews on peer pressure and school bullying. |
Pages: 64-66 The organizational climate prevailing in an institution influences its functioning, besides affecting the productivity and sufficiency of the scientists. Inter personal relationships, cooperation, team work, conflict, trust worthiness, motivation, attitude, interest, commitment influence the organizational climate. The study is based on the primary data collected from 70 social and home scientists selected through census method from various departments, such as Sociology, Extension Education, Agricultural Economics, Child Development, Family Resource Management, Clothing and Textile and Foods and Nutrition. The data reveal that maximum number of respondents had the prevalence of moderate, high and low levels on intra-inter personal relationships among various departments of social and home sciences. Majority of them had the prevalence of moderate level of cooperation and high level of team work followed by low and high level of conflict. Medium level followed by high and low levels of trust worthiness was noticed from the majority of the respondents. Maximum number of scientists received moderate level of motivation from the higher authorities. Periodic training in the socio-psychological aspects to the scientists was identified to upgrade their efficiency and productivity. |
Pages: 67-72 This generation is facing mammoth global environmental problems of shrinking natural resources, global warming, pollution and consumerism. Can people's ecological behaviour be understood by examining their attitudes towards the environment? The present research sought to investigate the relationship between environmental attitudes and environmental behaviours amongst female undergraduates in Delhi. Sixty nine participants filled out The New Ecological Paradigm (Revised) (Dunlap, Van Liere, Mertig, & Jones, 2000) and General Ecological Behaviour (Davis, Green, & Reed, 2009) to measure environmental attitudes and behaviour respectively. Results indicated that both attitudes and behaviours towards the environment were average in strength. However, the relationship between attitudes and behaviours was negligible (r=0.02, p=0.870). Implications, limitations of the study and future directions are discussed. |
Pages: 73-75 The aim of this research was to find out the relationship of self-efficacy with affective commitment, normative commitment, continuance commitment and overall organizational commitment in revenue personnel. It was hypothesized that self efficacy will have a positive relationship with organizational commitment (overall & area- wise). The sample comprised of 150 Income Tax personnel working in Lucknow, Allahbad, Kanpur, Faizabad and Agra (Uttar Pradesh- India). The age of the respondents ranged between 30 years to 40years. Two psychometric tools were used in this study. Organizational commitment scale by Khan and Mishra (2002) was utilised to measure organizational commitment. Self-efficacy was assessed with the help of Generalized Self-efficacy Scale by Schwarzer and Jerusalem (1995). The statistical analysis conducted on the obtained data was Pearson's Correlation coefficient. The results indicated that self efficacy was positively and significantly related to affective, normative, continuance and overall organizational commitment in revenue personnel. |
Pages: 76-80 Researches has found that Subjective vitality represented key determinants of Psychological well-being. Subjective vitality is the conscious feeling of positive energy, aliveness and spirit, thus felling of subjective vitality is positively related to psychological well-being. The current study further scrutinized the potential association between, Subjective vitality and Psychological well-being. The sample consisted of 100 young adults (age 20-40 years; mix gender). In present investigation subjective vitality scale (Ryan & Frederick, 1997) and Psychological well-being scale (Ryff & Keyes, 1995) were administered on participants in individual or in group settings. Statistical analyses demonstrated that Subjective vitality positively associates with Psychological well-being and its positive constructs or various sub dimensions. Results suggest that people with higher level of Vitality also experienced higher level of psychological well-being. These findings are relevant for topical scientific debates regarding the underlying mechanisms of psychological well-being through the subjective vitality |
Pages: 81-85 School adjustment includes academic, social and emotional adjustment. It is viewed as the process that the students adopt to maintain balance between their academic, social and emotional needs within the school environment. Though adjustment is a major concern at all stages of life, it becomes critical during adolescence. Adolescent who have strong emotional ties with their families, are aware of the presence of their families who can support them at all times. They are thus affected lesser by any problems, giving them a feeling of security and thus reducing the issues of concern at this stage of their life. However, the adolescents who are deprived of family environment may experience various concerns and fears or show low adjustment levels, high emotional problems, difficulty in social interactions and many other indicators of maladjustment and poor well being. Similarly, the adjustment among the school going adolescent girls living with their families and in orphanages may significantly vary. The present study aims to examine the social, educational and emotional adjustment among the school going adolescent girls residing in orphanages and with their families. The sample comprises of thirty school going adolescent girls aged between 14-18 years residing in orphanages and the ones living with their families. In each group, there are fifteen adolescent girls. Adjustment Inventory for school students developed by Sinha and Singh has been used in the study. The result of the present study indicates that the adolescent girls living in orphanages have lower social and educational adjustment level as compared to the girls who live along with their families. The emotional adjustment level of the adolescent girls living in orphanages and families are almost same. |
Pages: 86-89 The current study was undertaken to explore the self-esteem of rural and urban adolescents with selfie addiction. The total sample comprised of 360 adolescents studying in 10th, 11th and 12th standard from schools of Ludhiana district identified with selfie addiction and equally divided across two locales i.e. rural and urban. Self-structured Selfie Addiction checklist and Self-Esteem Inventory (Coopersmith, 1986) was used to collect the data. The results indicated that majority of rural and urban adolescents with borderline , acute and chronic level of selfie addiction were found to have medium self-esteem. It was further found that none of the rural and urban adolescent with chronic level of self-esteem had high level of self-esteem. This indicated that irrespective of the locale (rural/urban), the percentage of rural and urban adolescents with high self-esteem decreased as the severity of selfie addiction increased. |
Pages: 90-93 The present study was conducted to compare the creative abilities of monolinguals and bilinguals. To find significant differences two groups were clubbed i.e. Monolinguals (ML: n=200, 100 Boys & 100 Girls) and Bilinguals (BL: n=200, 100 Boys & 100 Girls) and univariate t-test was applied. In the present study “Eta Squared” has been computed to find out the relative magnitude of difference between the groups. Our results clearly indicate that bilingual students performed better on all these components (Fluency, Flexibility, Originality, & Elaboration) of verbal and figural creativity as compared to monolinguals. |
Pages: 94-97 “Enhance your self-concept and Build Your Self-esteem.” quoted by Clayton Tucker-Ladd (1996) (cited in JamesNeill, 2005). In the present investigation effort has been made to validate above statement with an objective to develop and conduct self-awareness program in order to enhance self-esteem among secondary students. As per objective, self-awareness program was designed including various guidance and counselling activities such as class talk, self-awareness activities, which are speculated to enhance self-awareness of secondary students and its effectiveness on their self-esteem, was ascertained under pre-post design. This study adopted a purposive sampling approach in order to recruit participants who could be theoretically expected to differ in the extent of their self-esteem. These participants were recruited from educational institution namely Center Public r. Secondary school, Udaipur (Raj). The whole sample comprised of 40 secondary students from class 9th. These participants were gone through three phases namely pre-test, implementation of self-awareness program and post-test phases. Participants' self-esteem was measured on state self-esteem scale as baseline criteria in before and after implementing self-awareness program on them. To ascertain the significance of self-awareness program score obtained on state self-esteem scale in both pre and post condition was compared under paired t-test analysis using SPSS (version 22). On the basis of obtained result self-awareness activities under guidance and counselling program is established as an effective measure to enhance secondary students' self-esteem. |
Pages: 98-100 Violence against women is a universal reality which cuts across cultural, religious, economic and geographical boundaries. Various forms of traditional beliefs are upheld by the human society as social ethics for controlling the sexuality and status of women. This study explored how married women perceive and accept the situations of intimate partner violence. Women from suburban background between age 18 years 30 years (Mean age, 27.12 years, SD, 1-55 years) who have undergone intimate partner violence were considered for the study. The research was conducted in the natural setting of the participant. In the research, purposive sampling approach had been used and continued till sample size was met. Semi-structured interviews were conducted for eight respondents from suburban setup. Considering India's patriarchal societal culture, subjugated women and justified male violence towards women. Lack of support from family members and the fear of losing social status numbed the voices women. The current study delves into the reality of female victims of abuse who are trapped in a society where they are forced to accept violence from their partners, divorce is not a choice and where social support of women is extremely restricted. |
Pages: 101-104 Mindfulness research is progressing with lightening speed covering various areas and involving all the age groups. Present article addresses methodological challenges in mindfulness research. Capturing mindfulness experience, research designs, issue of double blind experiments, inadequate descriptions of interventions, and planning and execution of interventions are special concerns. Attention is given to instruments measuring mindfulness focusing on self report measures, operational definition and validity of instruments in Indian context. Present article is two-fold. In second part, the researcher has focused upon mindfulness in adolescents. Researcher has observed changes in mindfulness among novice adolescent girls after practicing mindfulness meditation intervention. MMI is a guided audio-taped intervention designed by Jon Kabat Zinn (2012) and mindfulness is measured by Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (Brown et al., 2011) designed specifically for adolescents. Surprisingly, it was found that mindfulness has reduced as a result of practicing MMI. Results are discussed in detail along with limitation and guidelines for future research. Research findings highlight need for better assessment techniques for mindfulness especially in Indian context. |
Pages: 105-107 This paper frames the subject of this special issue the development of social and emotional competence in early childhood. Teachers and parents support healthy social emotional and cultural development. In this paper we focused on ages 1-9 years because in this period normal social emotional progress facilitates children. Early childhood activities and experiences set the stage for healthy mind and healthy learning. There are different dimensions to develop social emotional competence during early childhood e.g., self esteem self confidence, self control, morality, characterization, communication skills, adjustment skills, patience etc. The processes of developing these dimensions are based on nurturing, heredity and environment. Many psychologists are divided early childhood in different stages with specific age groups. According to psychologists children who have experiences such as these are able to recognize their and other emotions and able to adjust with different societies. Our study is based on scientific methodology which is related to different experiments of psychologists. |
Pages: 108-113 Present study was undertaken to investigate the significance of impact of motivational beliefs on self-directed learning of male distance learners. Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ; Pintrich et al., 1991) was used to measure the motivational beliefs and Self-directed learning inventory developed by the researcher herself was used to assess the self-directed learning of male students pursuing their post-graduation through distant mode. A sample of 312 students was randomly selected for the study. The findings of the study showed that self-efficacy for learning and performance emerged as best and significant predictor followed by test anxiety for explaining awareness, learning strategies, learning activities, components of self-directed learning. Whereas, for explaining evaluation and interpersonal skills components intrinsic goal orientation emerged as the best and significant predictor. Test anxiety and self-efficacy for learning and performance appeared as the second and third order variable in order of importance for explaining interpersonal skills component of self-directed learning. |