IAHRW International Journal of Social Sciences Review
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Pages: 727-729 Violence against women is the most widespread and the worst form of human rights violation of our generation. Today, acid attacks have emerged as a grave concern for women's safety across the world including the Indian Sub-continent. As per National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB), in 2010, a total of 57 cases with 65 victims were recorded, which in 2012 rose to 85 cases with 101 victims. Delhi, UP, Punjab, Haryana and Bihar together accounted for 53% of all the victims. In 2016, there were 206 incidents of acid attack on women with a staggering number of 225 victims. Out of 29 states, acid attacks were reported in 17 states with 187 incidents and 202 victims. In this hindsight, the first part discusses the Global and Indian statistics on Acid Attack cases. It also highlights the direct and indirect causes of Acid Attack. The second part relates to the primary (personal & psychological response) and secondary victimization (societal response) suffered by the victim. The third part deals with current responses of the various governmental authorities like Law Commission of India as well as recent Supreme Court judgments particularly Laxmi v. Union of India (2014) and Parivartan Kendra v. Union of India (2015). The last part deals with various reforms having different underlying philosophies like Prevention, Deterrence, Reformation, Social Transformation, etc. |
Pages: 730-732 Mujahid Hassan (Head Post Graduation Department of Political Science, Government College Malerkotla) The gloomy picture of the society marked by erosion of moral values, growing number of corporate scandals, general environment distrust, lack of harmony and happiness in daily living, increasing rate of depression and sense of alienation. But recent years have been recognized for growing concerns about people's physical and mental health and well- being in relation to goal or purpose in their life. The practice of religious values help to transform the people for better quality of life, quality of service and transparency of relations. Self management is an area where human beings have to make a rational balance in between two aspects of human life: One that relates to the physical body which can be termed as materialism; and other that relates to the inner self. Harmonious co-existence of the two is essential for gaining holistic experience of life. Religiosity has been found to be a significant indicator of co-existence between two. Religious practices promote the level of satisfaction and over all well-being of individuals. The nature of mental well-being and attainment of well-being through the cultivation of religious values emphasize four types of mental balance i.e. conative, attentional, cognitive and effective. In this paper the attempt has been made to discuss the relationship between religious values and mental health. |
Pages: 301-309 The purpose of the paper is to present the processes undertaken to evaluate the psychometric properties of interpersonal competence scale (ICS), developed and validated for measuring interpersonal competence of managers. Interpersonal competence is an important variable that play pivotal role in different areas of human-life and to examine its importance in organizational milieu a psychological tool is necessary. This scale consists of 40 items before standardization. Responses were taken from 250 mangers of first level working in different subsidiaries of Coal India Limited (CIL), India using self-report measure method as a locus of measurement. Content and face validity, construct validity using exploratory factor analysis, and reliability analysis using Cronbach’s alpha correlation coefficient were used for validation and standardization of the interpersonal competence scale. Four items were dropped due to poor item-total correlation; five items were dropped due to less loading than .40 while two items were dropped because they were having cross loadings. The results of exploratory factor analysis revealed remaining 29 items are loaded on five factors (providing emotional support, conflict resolution, asserting influence, self-disclosure, and initiating relationship) and explain 48.6 % of total variance in interpersonal competence construct. The results of reliability analysis indicate that Cronbach’s alpha is .905 for standardized 29 items of interpersonal competence scale and thus reliability is good and acceptable for newly developed scale. Findings of this paper suggest that this interpersonal competence scale is a valid and reliable research tool which can be used to a wider population of mangers working in different organizations. |
Pages: 310-312 There were numerous known artists in The Bombay Group of Art after Independence. They were trying to discover their identification as The Indian artist, who were struggling for a long time to discover the Modern Art in India. S.H Raza was one of the foremost artists of that Bombay Progressive Artist Group. Being the Student of the prestigious J.J School of Art, He established a new platform according to his Modern Vision. He was born in year 1922 in a Middle class Muslim family and was aware of the value of Hindu Mythology Religion and Culture. He was discovering the difference between the Modern Art and Western Art Movements. He was keen to absorb both the cultures through his own creative thoughts, He combined the technique and style both and Western and Indian World. He Migrated to Paris and worked in the International Market. His main theme was Hindu Mythology which inspired the European Art and became the most prestigious Artist of India. He always had inquisitiveness and desire to excavate the roots of Indian Art like Ajanta, Ellora and Works of South India done by the various Dynasties. He travelled to India many times and then decided to back to his country and continued to work here. His main theme remains the same that he was working on the Hindu Philosophy particularly the Circle of Universe and The Symbols in various forms. His Dot was recognized not only in the West rather in Indian Modern Art as well. The know art critic of India always related him to the Tantric art as he painted the various aspects of Hindu Mythology and summarize the essence. After getting highest Awards in India and International aura he died 2016. |
Pages: 313-316 The present study was a comparison between abstinent and relapsed opioid dependents on perceived social support. The sample of the study consisted of 200 males, out of which 100 were abstinent and 100 were relapsed male opioid dependents. Sample was selected randomly from the Govt. and Private Rehabilitation Centres of Punjab. Muliti-dimentional scale of Perceived Social Support (Zimet et al., 1988) was administered to the study sample. Means, Standard Deviations and t-ratios were calculated to determine the differences between two groups. The findings of the study reveal that relapsed opioid dependents are lower on perceived social support as compared to abstinent opioid dependents. In order to help the drug dependents, one must work towards enhancing their social support, so that their struggle against drugs can be beneficially mediated by the facilitating role of social support. |
Pages: 317-319 Materialism is the importance an individual attach to the worldly possessions. in the modern era all age groups are keen towards spending more on materialistic goods in order to fit in their social circle. All age groups are found to show a certain amount of materialistic orientation. Well-being of the individuals who are high on materialism is greatly diminished as compared to individuals who are not materialistic. Also, people with lower self-esteem tend to be more materialistic. Adolescents are highly materialistic and are greatly inclined towards brand consciousness. The available studies are cited in this review paper in order to develop an understanding of how materialism is linked with well- being, self-esteem and its prevalence in adolescence. |
Pages: 320-323 Student unrest is increasing in higher education institutions at alarming rate. Cases of unrest among students in universities like JNU, University of Hyderabad, Jadavpur University and others repeatedly remind us to improve students' support system for better intervention strategies. The incidence is a great cause of worry among academics and policy making institutions are striving hard to maintain and glorify the education of India. In purview of the existing scenario the present article suggest that efforts must be made for improving the psychological well beings of the students. The socio-emotional competencies of the students can be enhanced and balanced with dynamic alliance between teacher and students in the form of mentorship and among the students with team work. |
Pages: 324-326 The present study investigated gender differences in self reported volunteering behaviour and motives related to engagement in such behaviours. A sample of young adults (n= 195 ) completed a self report measure of volunteering and volunteering functions inventory. It was found that females reported relatively greater involvement in short duration of volunteering while males reported greter ivolvement in long-term volunteering. The female participants opted more for engaging with NGO, education, Health, People with special Needs Orphans, elderly, disabled, Art, music and culture as volunteering activity. On the other hand the males opted for NCC and Sports and recreation. On the major of volunteering motives the males scored consistently higher than females. The results tend to suggest that the pattern of involvement in volunteering activities varied with gender. |
Pages: 327-330 Today the employees spend most of their time on their job. They are working the equal of an extra month per year. Over working can affect both work and family domain that lead to work family clash (Bacharach et al., 1991). Therefore, understanding of physical and psychological well-being and work life balance issues, particularly among working women ha become matter of primary importance now. Having imbalanced life, strained relationships and passionless life leads to ineffective performance in life both at work and at home. The present paper highlights on some important factors affecting work-life balance, and coping strategies to balance this conflict. |
Pages: 331-333 Tuberculosis ranks as the second leading cause of death from an infectious disease worldwide next to HIV/AIDS, Tuberculosis patients, their families and siblings have been and continue to be the victims of social stigma. Stigma associated with various diseases has been a major concern of public health specialist both in developed and developing countries like India. Although a number of policies were formulated in time and again in order to curb the menace of deadly disease of Tuberculosis but management of tuberculosis (TB) is turning out to be a very difficult task for policy makers mainly because of social stigma attached to it. Stigma mainly affects women more so if she is married. The impact of disease on women primarily in terms of access to TB related services is more pronounced. The study explores the impact TB and related stigma on women. It also suggests specific intervention strategies aimed at improvement and better access to TB service. |
Pages: 334-340 Bullying refers to repeated behaviour by one or more individuals that are intended to impose physical and psychological harm to and social isolation of one or more victims through physical, verbal, and relational aggression for an extended period of time. Involvement in bullying as a victim is associated with impaired psychological well-being. Almost all studies of school bullying agree that it is a widespread problem; however, there are variations in reporting the magnitude. In line with this, the objective of the current study is to estimate the prevalence rate of bullying victimization and to investigate the psychological well-being correlates of bullying victimization among elementary school students of Ethiopia and India. A total of 2,377 (1,156 male & 1,221 female) students aged between 11 to 18 years from India (n=1568; 428 Males & 496 Females ) and Ethiopia (n=809; 406 Males & 403 Females) were sampled from a total of 13 schools (5 Indian schools & 8 Ethiopian schools) using multistage and random sampling techniques. Data were collected using: 1) The Revised Olweus Bully/Victimization Questionnaire; and 2) Friedman Well-being Scale. It is found that 37.6% of the participants in Ethiopia were bully victimized against 39.9% in India. Though slightly higher proportions of male pupils were bully victimized in Ethiopia, significantly higher proportions of female pupils were bully victimized in India. Strong and significant negative correlations were found between bullying victimization and psychological well-being for both the countries. It can be concluded from the findings of the study that bullying victimization is prevalent in both Ethiopian and Indian schools and is negatively associated with psychological well-being of pupils. The results of the study are discussed in terms of their implications for school practice and future research directions. |
Pages: 341-344 Due to the rapid expansion of the service sector, Emotional Labour has emerged as a prominent concept in the understanding of Organizational Behavior. Managing emotions at work setting is termed as Emotional Labour. During a typical service encounter, emotions are the cluster of feelings evoked in customers and employees and at times employees are required to manage and modify their own emotions, while trying to manage the emotions of the customers. There is little agreement on the definition and conceptualization of Emotional Labour. In this regard, the present paper makes an attempt to review the literature to explain the concept 'Emotional labour'. The aim of this review paper is to integrate the conceptualization of Emotional Labour through a systematic analysis of literature and to identify its consequences during service encounter. This paper focuses on certain key perspectives of Emotional labour and thus provides a platform for further research. |
Pages: 345-348 The primary purpose of the present empirical investigation is to examine the organizational commitment scores of the middle level and lower level executives in private and public sector organizations. The present study followed a 2 X 2 factorial research design. Factor 1 refers to type of sectors (Private versus public) and Factor 2 refers to the level of executives (Middle level executives versus lower level executives). The sample consists of 240 executives from both private and public sector organizations. From the 240 participants, 120 executives were from private sectors and 120 executives were from public sectors. In each group of 120 executives, 60 were middle level executives and 60 were lower level executives. Purposive sampling technique was used to select the executives. The participants of all the four groups were compared with respect to organizational commitment scores. The result indicated that private sector executives showed higher organizational commitment compared to public sector executives. The result also revealed that middle level executives showed more commitment towards the organization than the lower level executives. |
Pages: 349-354 The purpose of the present paper is to study the effect of usage of social networks on romantic relationships in young adults. Social networking is the online platform that allows users to create profile in their website and connect with other users within that same website. Romantic relationship is the expression of love between two individuals, characterized with a feeling of strong attraction, personal attachment and sexual desire for each other. Social networking stands as an important aspect in the lives of young adults as it helps them to stay linked with the world and maintain relationships (professional or personal). On the other hand, romantic relationship too adds an essence in this phase of young adulthood. The study is about how social networking and romantic relationships, both being substantial aspects for young adults, are related. The sample used for this study comprises 60 subjects (25 males & 35 females) in the age group of 18 25 years. The tools used for this study are (1.) SONTUS (Social Networking Time Use Scale) developed by Olufadi (2016); and (2.) Couple Satisfaction Index (CSI-32) developed by Funk and Rogge (2007). The hypothesis seeks a negative impact of time spent in social networking on romantic relationships on young adults. However, the finding of the study unlikely shows that the relationship between the time spent by an individual on social networking sites and satisfaction in their relationship is negligible. |
Pages: 355-360 The goals of the research is to examine the impact of interpersonal conflicts on psycho-social behaviour of adolescents girls. The group consisted of 1218 adolescents girls in the age group of 13-18 years selected by convenient sampling method. Twelve Government schools were selected from twelve districts of Tamil Nadu. Overall, our findings suggested that the conflict in family, conflict with parents, siblings and friends were significantly influenced psychological and social factors such as emotional intelligence, resilience, stress, family environment, school problem, social problem and personal problems. |
Pages: 361-364 Social support is the perception and actuality that one is cared for, has assistance available from other people and is part of a supportive social network. Social support can come from a variety of sources including family, friends, marital partners, pets, community ties, and co-workers. Sources of support can be natural (e.g., family & friends) or more formal (e.g., mental health specialists or community organizations). Early familial social support has been shown to be important for adolescents. The study investigated whether perceived social support varied among adolescents (Boys & Girls) who have lost their parents at an early age and are living in general orphanages or orphanages which provide family setup and adolescents from intact families (comparison group). Total sample of 224 adolescents in the age range of 15-19 yrs. was drawn from SOS children's village at Jaipur and Bhopal, various orphanages and schools in Jaipur. PGI social support Questionnaire was used to assess the level of perceived social support . Analysis of variance was used to analyse data statistically. Statistically significant difference was found in the level of Perceived Social Support among adolescents in this study in terms of Living setup as well as gender. SOS village model has its merits over the general orphanage though overall orphans perception of social support is less than adolescents coming from intact families indicating need to review ways to improve social support for orphans. |
Pages: 365-369 Present study aims to examine the relationship between women cleanliness behavior in relation to socio-economic indicators i.e. age, Family income, women income, type of household, occupation, level of education, water source ,toilet facility on women cleanliness behavior. Sample -For this purpose 300 hundred women residing in slum area of Bilaspur district has been taken. Measures- For the collection of data two scale 1-personal cleanliness behavior scale and 2-Public cleanliness behavior scale were developed. Item analysis has been done for both scale. Reliability chron' bach alpha for personal cleanliness behavior scale 0.96 and .885 for public cleanliness behavior scale was found to be significant. Personal cleanliness behavior scale and Public cleanliness behavior scale were significantly related (p<0.001). Design-co relational design is used. Data analysis has been done with the help of multiple regression analysis using SPSS 24 licensed version. Findings of the study showed that income of the family as well as income of the women both are important and emerged out as significant predictors whereas role of education was not found significant to predict cleanliness behavior. |
Pages: 370-375 Social story developed by Gray and Garrand (1993) was used heavily for the children with autism. Present study is an endeavour to amalgamate the form of video self-modelling dubbed under the vocal background of social story written individually for the need of the child. Present research is a one month intervention study following pre-post (A-B-A) design. Study examines the effectiveness of digital social story in improving problem behaviour in a child with childhood autism. The behaviour was operationalized in functional and topographical term and was further investigated on the measures of frequency, duration, severity and latency. Individual social story was written and recorded after obtaining consent with parents and was further given voice over by the therapist. Video of social story was shown to a child for thirty days and subsequently all the measures were repeated after one month in absence of any intervention. At the end of an intervention it was found that the behaviour chosen improved significantly on various measures and it continued to improve even in absence of an intervention up to the one month on certain measures. In order to examine the effectiveness of an intervention the proper parameter of chosen behaviour has to be determined by using appropriate recording method. |
Pages: 376-379 The study was designed to investigate emotional intelligence and leadership as predictors of self-efficacy in the sport teachers of Chhattisgarh state. A total of 30 sport teachers from government Schools of Chhattisgarh state were selected as subjects. In this present study self-efficacy (SE) was considered as a dependent variable and Emotional Intelligence (EI) and leadership Skill (LS) were considered as Independent variables. Researchers used descriptive survey research design. Two inventories, Emotional Intelligence Inventory (Hyde, Pethe, & Dhar) Occupational Self-efficacy Scale (Pethe, Choudhary, & Dhar) Leadership Behavior Scale (Asha Hinger), were used for data collection. Multiple regression was used for data analysis. To find out the best predicting factor of SE, EI and LS significant values of F is 6.710. Leadership skill and emotional intelligence was found to be significant predictors. EI contributed 37.5% of its variance out of the total variance. Leadership contributed 10.7% of its variance out of the total variance. |
Pages: 380-384 Adolescent females experience widespread changes during their puberty. Their perceptions about their overall psychological well-being are found to be associated with happiness and positive affect. It is also hypothesized that the individuals who have better psychological well-being will be more resilient in nature. Such individuals will indulge in healthy behaviors in dealing with daily life hassles. Adolescents are bound to experience difficulty in their lives and in such incidents they may indulge into abusive unhealthy behaviors. The present was, therefore, undertaken to ascertain the level of psychological well-being, resilience and non suicidal self harm behaviors of adolescent females and also to determine the relationship among the three variables. The study also purported to assess the frequent types of self harm behaviors adolescent females indulge into. The sample was incidentally selected and comprised of 200 adolescent females falling in the age range of 16-18 years. The data was collected with the help of psychometric tools, namely, Psychological Well Being Questionnaire by Bhogle and Jaiprakash (1995); The Resilience Scale by Wagnild and Young (1993); and Inventory of Statements About Self-injury (ISAS)' by Klonsky and Olino (2008). Results revealed that adolescent females have better psychological well-being and are highly resilient. They indulge in self harm behaviors because they think that it helps them in regulating their affect, gives them thrill and a sense of autonomy. They also were found to get a sense of revenge when they indulge in non suicidal self harm. 78% adolescent females have reported that have harmed themselves at least once in their lifetime and approximately 44% reported that they experienced pain during such incidents. Surprisingly, 85% of the females reported that they want to stop such behaviors. This definitely indicates that they are well aware of the consequences of such behaviors. The study has implications in the form of developing interventions to help adolescent females abstain from indulging in such behaviors. |
Pages: 385-390 Although Sikkim is known to be one of the most peaceful states in India, there are various issues that have gripped the state. One such issue is the rampant use of alcohol and other substances. The present study explored the possible causes and consequences of substance abuse in Sikkim by using qualitative research approach. In-depth interviews were carried out with 17 individuals 10 male in-patients from Sikkim diagnosed with substance use disorder (SUD), 3 physicians and 2 counsellors dealing with patients with SUD, and 2 first-degree relatives of in-patients suffering from SUD. Results showed that majority of the male in-patients (80%) were indulged in multiple substances. The most common causes for initiation of substances as reported by in-patients, relatives, physicians, and counsellors were: enjoyment, curiosity, relieving stress, drinking culture, and easy availability. They also reported that the consumption of substances led to academic, financial, social and behavioural problems, along with deterioration of health, psychological problems like low self-confidence, isolation and increased sadness. Physicians and counsellors also reported that the majority of the patients seeking treatment also had a family history of SUD. They also reported that the most common reasons for wanting to quit the substances are deteriorating health and wanting to rebuild trust and relationships. The findings of the research suggest that there is an urgent need to conduct a thorough research on trends of substance use in Sikkim and to develop suitable intervention strategies to reduce the increasing rate of Substance Use Disorders in Sikkim. |
Pages: 391-395 The present study is aimed at understanding the relationship between insomnia and emotional distress. The goal is to demonstrate how the former increases the risk of the latter and vice versa. Insomnia is defined as a clinical disorder characterized by difficulty in maintaining sleep that is associated with significant daytime impairment or distress. Insomnia is a significant public health problem because of its high prevalence and management challenges. There is increasing evidence of a strong association between insomnia and various medical and psychiatric comorbidities. Findings suggest that there is a close relation between sleep disorder and mental illness. Deprivation from sleep gives rise to several disorders such as depression, anxiety, stress, etc. It also affects one's health causing, hearth problems, trouble in breathing, and death inn elderly people. Because mental illness and sleep disorders are so closely correlated, experts recommend ensuring both are assessed and treated promptly, and suggest patients develop good sleep habits to promote healthy sleep. Patients and their families are also encouraged to watch for signs of sleep disruption, as they could be predictors of worsening mental health. |
Pages: 396-398 An individual's choice of action, responses to challenges, incentives and rewards are influenced by Attitude. Here, attitude means evaluation of the respondents in the context of environment related aspects of social and physical world. The teachers play a very important role in developing the value system of the students which in turn mould their approach to environment. The teachers are able to influence students' attitude while interacting with them which underpins the role of social learning as one of the sources of attitude. As teachers are the key factors in the whole teaching-learning process in education, so this study has been taken up for analysis. The study examines the effects of stream and gender on environmental attitude of undergraduate college teachers in Kolkata. The data was analyzed by employing quantitative research approach by using survey method and 3 X 2 factorial designs. The subjects were chosen from the undergraduate college teachers (n=400) affiliated to the University of Calcutta belonging to three different streams i.e., arts, science and commerce. In the study we have considered stratified purposive sampling due to short time period. The tool was standardized on a separate sample group (n=80). A two-way ANOVA was conducted to determine the effect of stream and gender on environmental attitude questionnaire. The result indicated that, stream and gender has a significant effect on the level of environmental attitude of undergraduate college teachers in Kolkata. |
Pages: 399-403 In this decade, there is a major change to doctor's place, as it includes running in private practices, government work, implementation of government policies, burden of paper work and regulation, electronic health record and changing credentialing demands. In spite of all this there are two major demands that they have to update their knowledge according to the recent researches and another is to come up with the patient's needs and demands. Nowadays patient's relatives and attendants expect that as they are paying for the services of the doctor, it is moral responsibility of the doctor to save the patient's life. So doctors are in persistent stress about the professional integrity and facing common problem which is known as burnout. Burnout is a state of emotional, mental and physical exhaustion and diminished interest. It is caused by excessive and prolonged stress when one feels overwhelmed and unable to meet constant demands. Thus it leads to the disturbed family life, professional life and social life etc. Emotional intelligence is the ability to recognize and understand emotions of our self and others and to use this awareness to manage our behavior and relationships. This is very essential for doctors as they are more resilient to the stresses of the profession and less likely to experience burnout. This paper aims to find out the burnout and emotional intelligence among medical professional of different branches. Sample includes 10 doctors each from ten different branches included by incidental purposive sampling that is a total of 100 samples of medical practitioners of Government hospital. |
Pages: 404-409 The Public Sector Banks (PSBs), which are the base of the Banking sector in India account for more than 78 per cent of the total banking industry assets. Unfortunately they are burdened with excessive Non Performing assets (NPAs), massive manpower and lack of modern technology. Uncertainty and instability are the norms in today's work environment in the public sector banks. This unpredictability and uncertainty causes an increased level of discomfort and stress for employees and managers as they try to accomplish their day to day objectives and achieve their professional goals. The present examined the nature of the relationship between positive psychological factors such as hope and optimism, role ambiguity and affective, continuance and normative organizational commitment of public sector bank employees. A total number of 100 public sector bank employees were participated in the study. Hope and optimism were measured by using positive psychological capital scale developed by Luthans et al. (2007). Participants responses were measured by using Role ambiguity and organizational commitment scale. The data was statistically analyzed through correlation and regression analysis. Research findings partially supported the hypothesized patterns of relationship between the variables in the study. The result findings of the study indicate that hope and optimism are positively and role ambiguity is negatively correlated with organizational commitment. |