IAHRW International Journal of Social Sciences Review
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Pages: 39-43 Middle-age is filled with challenges and unique stress particularly for working women, which affects their psychological well-being and health status. An assessment of work- life stress, household stress and psychological distress among middle aged working women was studied, by standardizing a scale using scientific procedure. The results of percentage analysis showed majority of the respondents (50 per cent) with moderate levels of stress, while the remaining half of the respondents are equally distributed in the (25 per cent) high stress and (25 per cent) low stress categories. The result indicates the adoption of strong interventions and lifestyle modifications to minimize the adverse physiological and health implications of life stress among working women. In conclusion, the developed scale was found to be valid, reliable and a clear instrument to measure the life- stress of working middle aged women to the maximum precision possible. |
Pages: 44-49 The present study was executed to assess the Coping Strategies and Quality of Life among Emergency Service Employees in Goa. The study consisted of 90 emergency service employees from the department of police, fire-fighters and ambulance, selected across north, south and central districts of Goa through a stratified convenient sampling technique, wherein the influence of age range, department, years of experience, designation, marital status, nature of work, qualification and districts were assessed. The tools used for data collection mainly comprised of personal data sheet, the Coping Strategies Inventory by Tobin and Quality of Life (WHOQOL)-BREF by World Health Organisation. The data collected was classified, tabulated and statistically analysed for Karl Pearson's Product Moment Correlation, t-test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) by using statistical packages for social sciences (SPSS version 20). Findings of the study suggest that there exist a positive correlation between coping strategy of engagement and quality of life among emergency service employees. Also it was found that there exist a positive correlation between coping strategy of disengagement and quality of life among emergency service employees. Significant differences were found in coping strategies and its dimensions with regard to department among emergency service employees. With respect to quality of life partial significant differences were observed in the dimensions of quality of life with regard to department among emergency service employees. Suitable and necessary intervention strategies were formulated for the sample group at personal and professional level. |
Pages: 50-53 |
Pages: 54-55 The present study was conducted to explore gratitude among college student across gender, faculty of education, and domicile. It was hypothesised that there will be no significant difference in gratitude with consideration to the above mentioned variables. The total number of participants were 430 college going students (212 males & 218 females), with age range of 18-24 years and mean age of 20.34 years. Gratitude questionnaire by McCullough et al. was used to collect the data. With the help of t-test, the findings revealed that there was a significant difference between male and female, and between students of pure science and non-science faculty of education. No significant difference in the of level of gratitude between students belonging to rural and urban areas was found. |
Pages: 56-59 Alcohol related problems cause a tremendous social and public health burden worldwide. It is as cob web and spread in our society day by day. People know the worst effects of alcohol but can't stop. Government plays a vital role for the prevention and awareness programmes regarding addiction but despite this they can't reach up to the mark. It effects our every aspect of life whether it is psychological, financial and social. This study compared depression, anxiety and stress in persons with alcohol dependence syndrome with normal population. 60 samples (30 persons with alcohol dependence & 30 normal people) were selected for the present study on the basis of purposive sampling technique. Results showed that the alcohol dependence persons had high level of depression, anxiety and stress as compared to normal population. There is need to create general awareness that due to excess intake of alcohol people suffered from psychiatric problems as depression, anxiety and stress. |
Analysis of computer phobia and attitude of secondary school teachers towards information technology Pages: 60-62 Computer technological innovation has reformed the Indian instructive framework. The fundamental goal of computer in training is upgrading the instructing learning process, however, computer phobia is among the true impediments. Computer phobia denotes different sort of phobia that teachers face in teacher learning process in the everyday life of theirs. This particular study was specifically targeted at seeing whether gender and also the parents' amount of training had some impact on their laptop attitude among teachers. The public with this research is composed of 250 teachers of Haryana, plus they had been selected by a random sampling technique. The instrument utilized for the current study is "Computer Attitude Scale" to attain a "computer attitude". While Descriptive analysis, mean value, Standard deviation, and also t test and f test methods have been utilized for statistical analysis. The outcomes on the analysis demonstrated that entire samples of teachers attitude towards info technology are favorable. Both female and male teachers attitude towards info technology are favorable. The students whose Socio Economic Status have positive attitude towards. Results suggested that there's no great unique between female and male pupils in their approach towards computer system, and computer attitude among teachers depending on their parent's academic level is additionally insignificant. |
Pages: 63-71 According to UNDPs millennium development goal 2000, livelihood is an important factor in eradicating extreme poverty and hunger and attaining a better human development and well-being goal. Present study is concerned with the textile workers who are working in various printing mills in Serampore region of West Bengal. The major aim of the study is to find out how these peoples subjective Well-being are affected by their present livelihood patterns at home front as well as workplace and thus how to sustain their livelihoods and well-being. Study reveals that workers are working under a deplorable work environment. Mismanagement from the owners and non-cooperation from government are also the barriers behind the development of this industry as well as the workers in this region. While assessing subjective well-being status of workers among different work categories and income groups it is also found to be unsatisfactory. But, workers' subjective well-being is positively affected by their income. It is found that a little increase in income level can enhance workers' feeling of happiness and well-being as well. Hence, in this paper we have tried to find out the remedies how livelihoods of the mill workers in the study area can be improved and in turn now this can help to survive the cotton textile industry in Serampore region as an important cluster of West Bengal. |
Pages: 72-75 Today's e- era is characterized by excellence, competitions, quality, money and success. To achieve these women in general look in for lot of short cuts in their professional career to earn reputation among others. This lead to tremendous stress and pressure which is spilled over to others in form of abuse and at times ends up in violence. Along with stress, strain in human being and in a world that is changing at a tremendous pace, globalization had led to an increase in the growth of education institutions all over the world and the education scene in India is no exception and especially with the current scenario of trying to achieve the Millennium Development Goals (MDGS) of providing basic education for all by 2018. To fulfill social, environmental, economical needs one has to face stress, strain and anxiety. The study concludes that organizational support towards teachers in enhancing job satisfaction is very important. All efforts should be taken to improve the job satisfaction of teachers. |
Pages: 76-81 Work-life balance is a challenging issue for every women manager, which touches almost every aspect of her life, including her career, family and health. The present study explores the work-life balance issues and mental health of women managers working in different sector of organizations. The sample comprises 200 Indian women managers (100 from public sector organizations & 100 from private sector organizations) working in different organizations of Delhi and NCR. Analytical strategy included descriptive, t-test, correlation and linear regression analysis on SPSS 21. Results revealed that there is a significant positive correlation of work-life balance with psychological well-being and mental health while there is significant negative correlation of work-life balance with psychological distress of women managers. In addition, the two groups differ significantly on the dimension of work-personal life enhancement, psychological distress and mental health. Implications of the study for the two groups in context of different work-environment are discussed. |
Pages: 82-85 The aim of the present research was to study life stress in relation to marital quality of couples in urban middle socioeconomic strata. A sample of 200 persons (100 married couples) was purposefully selected from Chandigarh and its neighbouring districts. Presumptive Stressful Life Events Scale (PSLES) by Singh et al. (1984) was used for measuring life stress (both for last one year and for the lifetime) and to measure marital quality, Relation Assessment Scale (RAS) by Hendrick (1988) was used. The average number of stressful events faced by these persons during their past one year and during lifetime came out to be 4.51 and 17.51, respectively. The average number of stressful events faced by these persons during their lifetime is more than the average number of events faced by an average Indian adult person without having these stressful events' adverse physical or psychological disturbance, but in case of the stress caused during the past year it is not so. When the couples were compared on life stress, husbands were found to be significantly more stressed than their wives. Overall marital quality was found to be high as experienced by both husbands and wives. Marital quality was found to have significant negative correlation with stress, both during the past one year (r= -0.223**) as well as for the lifetime (r= -0.152*). |
Pages: 86-89 Emotional and behavioural Problems are increasing all over the world at a rapid rate (Polaha, 2011). Juvenile crime is one of the major components of Emotional and behavioural problems. Earlier, adolescents were limited to in- fraction and were not often engaged in violation of law but nowadays they are committing heinous crime. The current study was interested in examining the role of personal factors in contributing emotional and behavioural problems among adolescents. The sample collected from 220 adolescents (13-18 years) from various schools of Delhi. Self-reported versions of Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment (Armsden & Greenberg, 1987); Emotional Regulation Questionnaire (Gross & John, 2003); Coping Strategies Scale (Srivastava, 2001); Strength & Difficulties Questionnaire (Goodman, 1997) were used as data collection tool. Discriminant analysis was applied in order to find the personal factors contributing in high and low emotional and behavioural problems among adolescents. Variable of emotional regulation, coping strategy, attachment emerged as strongest predictors contributing to low emotional and behavioural problems in adolescents. In addition, factors predicting in high on emotional and behavioural problems is cognitive avoidance coping strategy i.e. emotion focused coping strategy and emotional suppression. The results are further discussed in the light of theoretical evidences and studies. |
Pages: 90-94 Parental involvement has a positive influence on Adolescents' life, behaviour and achievements. Early adolescents often undergo various changes in the areas of social context, family bonding, friendships, ideologies and developmental processes. This phase of life is crucial and the adolescents are in indispensable need of parental support and guidance. Researchers have proved positive effects of parent involvement on children (Eccles & Harold, 1993). According to Henderson and Berla (1994), the most accurate predictor of a student's achievement in school is not income or social status but the extent to which that student's family is able to create a home environment that encourages learning, express high expectations for their children's achievement and future career and become involved in their children's education at school and in the community. Further, Epstein (1987) has developed a framework for defining six different types of parental involvement such as parenting, communicating, volunteering, learning at home, decision-making and collaborating with the community. Contrary to this in the modern family set up there is a lack of interaction between parents and children. In most families both the parents are engaged in earning their livelihood. They focus on satisfying the material needs of their children and mostly involve in their children's academic areas but the other aspects are neglected leading to various emotional crises during adolescence. Therefore, the researchers identified the need to assess perceived parental involvement among adolescent students. After a thorough review of the literature, no appropriate and relevant tool was found to assess the perceived parental involvement of Indian adolescents that take into account the cultural constraints and disparity. Hence, the investigators aimed at developing a tool to assess the perceived parental involvement of adolescents. The present study made an attempt to develop and validate an inventory to assess the perceived parental involvement of adolescents. Initial items were generated using the existing tool, reviews, interviews and focus group discussions. 55 items were initially generated which was given to experts in the field of psychology and education. By incorporating the suggestions given by the experts, content validity was established. Test-retest reliability, split half reliability, and inter-item reliability were established. Through factor analysis, Perceived Parental Involvement Inventory emerged as a uni-dimensional scale which establishes construct validity of the tool. Finally, the tool was administered along with Perceived Parental Expectations Inventory for establishing convergent validity which also confirmed the validity of the tool. After the modification, the self-report inventory finally consisting of 30 items which are rated using five-point scale is ready to administer. |
Pages: 95-98 The aim of this study was to find out the impact of gender, climate variation and climate supportive was on academic motivation in cultural perspective. It was contended that variation in academic motivation would be influenced by variation in gender, climate variation, climate supportive ness and cultural differences. Two hundred fourth participants in the age range of late childhood and early adolescence served as participants and they were arranged according to the requirements of 4-way factorial design with three variations of culture, two types of gender, two types of climate variation and two levels of climate supportiveness. Academic motivation scale was used to assess the magnitude of academic motivation in participants. Data were analyzed by 4-way ANOVA and it was found that all main effects and interactions laid their impact on academic motivation. Findings were interpreted in terms of gender, climate and cultural variation as affectors of academic motivation. At last, suggestions were made to raise the mental faculty of underprivileged society. |
Pages: 99-102 Hotel employees work on a 24x7 basis and the job includes emotional labour along with physical and intellectual labour. The experience of emotional labour is related to reduced job satisfaction and increased burnout. Therefore, in the present research, the effect of emotional labour on the job satisfaction and burnout of 60 restaurant employees was studied. These employees from various restaurants in Pune were in direct contact with customers. A significant relationship was found between emotional labour and job satisfaction (r=-.279, p<.05). Deep acting was significantly related to emotional exhaustion (r=-.245, p< .05) and depersonalization (r=-.350, p<.01). Surface acting was significantly related to emotional exhaustion (r = .485, p <.001) and personal accomplishment (r = -.285, p< .05). Regression analysis indicated that Surface Acting is a significant predictor of Emotional Exhaustion (R2=.235, β=.485, p<.001) while Deep Acting alone is a significant predictor for Depersonalization (R2=.123, β=-.35, p<.01). Frequency of displaying emotions (R2=.095, β=-.52, p<.001) and Deep Acting (R2=.084, β=.36, p<.05) explained 17.9% of the variance in job satisfaction. |
Pages: 103-105 The purpose of present research is to explore the implication of school culture on academic motivation. A total number of 300 students of both gender studying in class XI of different private and government Schools in a Raipur city participated in the present study. First of all , 5-5 co-ed higher secondary schools were selected from government and private sector schools. Then, equal numbers of boy and girl students (n=15-15) were randomly selected from each school. Academic motivation was dependent variable and government and private sector schools, boys & girls were independent variable and, so the proposed research design was 2x2 factorial designs. The main effect of gender was not significant, F ratio was found to be 2.26 which is insignificant. Girls scores apparently higher (M =15.09 , SD = 2.52) than boys (M = 14.61 , SD = 3.06) counterpart. Similarly interaction effect of gender and type of school was found to be insignificant. It demonstrate that gender did not interfere with the effect of type of schools on accomplishing thing dimension. |
Pages: 106-108 Mental health is a state of well-being in which the individual realizes his or her own abilities, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is able to make a contribution to his or her community. To satisfy the curiosity of the researcher, the present study aims to see the significant differences among life sciences and social sciences students on mental health. For the purpose of the study, samples of 100 graduate students (50-Life Sciences, 50- Social Sciences) belonging to age group 18-25 years were randomly selected from PDM University, Bahadurgarh. The MHI-18 was administered on the subjects. Data was analyzed by using t-test. The results revealed that there is a significant difference between life sciences and social sciences students on the dimension of depression and overall mental health. |
Pages: 109-114 Happiness is an example of a positive construct of mental health that may be promoted by physical health and could increase resilience to emotional disturbances. However, the research on the association between physical health variables and happiness is relatively scarce in Indian context. This study tries to explore this association using body mass index as an indicator of good physical health among young adults. It aims at determining if happiness differs among young adults (males & females) with healthy and unhealthy body mass indices. Results indicate a statistically significant difference in the happiness levels of young adults across the five BMI categories as well as a significant difference between healthy and unhealthy young adults. This hints towards a strong relationship between physiological and psychological factors in determining good health. Another striking result was a significant difference in happiness scores in underweight category with underweight females reporting lower levels of happiness than underweight males. This indicates the interplay of physical, psychological and social factors in contributing towards health and well being of individuals. The results of the study indicate that health is a complex interplay of various components in consonance with the biopsychosocial approach. |
Pages: 115-120 The current study expands on the existing literature on depression by taking cognizance of the gaps and limitations in the literature. The study includes both risk and protective factors in the context of depression among adolescents. Nine measures referring to Beck's Depression Inventory, Hopelessness Scale, Automatic Thought Questionnaire, Affective Dysregulation Inventory, IPAT Anxiety Scale Questionnaire, N- Scale of Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, Social Support Questionnaire, Hardiness Scale and Revised Life Orientation Test were administered to 400 adolescents, in the age range of 18-20 years, and selected from different colleges of Hisar (Haryana). Although regression analysis revealed evidence for three predictors (automatic negative thoughts, affective dysregulation, hopelessness) of depression, automatic negative thoughts emerged to be the most marked predictor, accounting for 34.3 percent out of 43.6 percent variance in depression. Affective dysregulation accounted for 5.5 percent of the variance. Noteworthy, the study has highlighted the target variables in depression among adolescents (late adolescence). |
Pages: 121-127 Anxiety is an inherent facet of human existence. Students experience intense anxiety. The current study has been undertaken keeping in mind the unwarranted anxiety and the health complaints made by many children and adolescents of today. The objective of the study was to determine whether Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction would be effective in reducing anxiety, improving sense of coherence, optimism and health among students. A pilot study was carried out on a sample of 30 students aged between 13 to 17 years from a school in Puducherry just before the main survey to obtain the reliability of the tools to be used for the study. A brief MBSR (2 week) was also conducted only as a part of the pilot study to check for the feasibility of the administration of the intervention. The main study was then initiated after confirming for the appropriateness and the validity of the questionnaires. Data was collected from 300 students from various schools in Puducherry. The tools used were Depression and Anxiety Scale by Newcomer, General Health Questionnaire by Goldberg, Optimism scale by Scheier and Carver and Sense of Coherence scale by Antonovsky. Participants for the intervention study were selected from a school in which the researcher would provide the intervention. Those participants who had poor health were mainly included in the second phase of the study. Participants who had poor health shown by their scores were called and briefed about the study and those participants who were willing to be a part of the intervention study were included. Fifty students who were willing to participate were chosen and the consent to participate in the study was obtained. These 50 participants were then divided into 2 groups randomly and then were assigned randomly to experimental and control groups. After the 8 week sessions of MBSR, the participants of the experimental group and the control group were assembled and asked to fill in the questionnaires. Statistical tests employed for the analysis of the data were Pearson's Correlation, Independent and Paired Samples t test and Multivariate Analysis of Variance. The results revealed that there exists a significant relationship between anxiety, sense of coherence, optimism and health. There is a significant difference in anxiety between the boys and girls with girls experiencing more anxiety than boys. A significant decrease in anxiety and an improvement in health, optimism and sense of coherence was seen in the participants of the experimental group. A significant increase in the sense of coherence was seen in the participants of the control group in the posttest scores. The MANOVA results clearly showed that mindfulness has been effective in reducing anxiety and improving sense of coherence, optimism and health among students. To eliminate the effects of a covariate a Multivariate Covariance of Analysis was performed on the data and it was found that removing the effects of the pretest scores showed better scores on the study variables. |
Pages: 128-131 Sexual abuse is a serious problem that cannot be solved solely by responding to abuse after it has been perpetrated. The incidents of sexual abuse in adolescents occur commonly in high schools. Generally, adolescents who could not develop assertiveness tend to be victims and turn out to be aggressive. The study sample consisted of 120 adolescent girls attending high school. Self - constructed questionnaire was used to estimate sexual abuse knowledge and sexual assertiveness scores. Pre-test and post-test were used to assess the effectiveness of assertiveness training programme. Statistically significant difference was found in participants' knowledge and assertiveness levels on prevention of sexual abuse (p<0.05), after seven sessions of the assertiveness training programme. Although literature search reveals no similar studies from Puducherry, India, our results correspond with those from other states. The assertive training for adolescents should become a part of school health programme with teachers and parents support. |
Pages: 132-136 Adolescence is a crucial stage in life and the growing child's experiences have a long lasting impact on their mental health. Parental practices vis-à-vis child's biological sex can bring out experiential differences in terms of their happiness and well-being. The present investigation aims to look for gender differences among adolescents on well-being. For the purpose of the present study, a total of 102 adolescent students studying in a government school in Mohali, have been studied on all the study variables. Out of 102 students, 58 are boys and 44 are girls, all in the age range of 14 to 17 years. The subjects were assessed on The Happiness Measure (Fordyce, 1988); Revised Life Orientation Test (LOT-R) (Scheier & Carver, 1994); Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (Goodman, 2007); General Self-Efficacy Scale (Schwarzer, 1992); and The Sterling's Children Well-Being Scale (Liddle & Carter, 2009). The assessment was done with the goal of looking for gender differences among adolescents on well-being. Results indicated that the mean scores on happiness, hyperactivity, emotional symptoms, conduct problems, peer pressure, and positive outlook, are higher for boys. The mean scores on optimism, positive emotional state, and total well-being are higher for girls. The mean scores on prosocial behaviour and self efficacy have come out to be equal for boys and girls. Sex differences emerged only on peer pressure implying boys to be more influenced by peer pressure than girls. The paper will try to understand the trends of the findings. |
Pages: 137-141 The present study is an attempt to explore death personification i.e. how death is perceived as a person by terminally ill, chronically ill and healthy individuals. The notion of death in the present study was explored using Kastenbaum and Aisenberg's multiple choice questions about nature and image of death. Most participants visualized death as an old man (46.7per cent) and a gentle, well-meaning sort of a person (81.7per cent). The study explains the various responses in the light of the death anxiety expressed by the three groups as measured by Templer's Death Anxiety Scale (1970) as well as empirical evidences provided by some of the traditional Hindu scriptures (such as Bhagavad-Gita, Mahabharata, & Garudapurana) as all participants belonged to the same faith group. |
Pages: 148-150 Increase in divorce rates due to higher expectations from marriage and beliefs about how enthralling marriage life would be, calls for a need to research on this subject. Marital expectations are beliefs or desires as to how individuals wish their married life and spouse to be. These expectations could coexist with beliefs in myths about marriage, which are misconceptions or assumptions about what the institution of marriage is. Both marital expectations and beliefs in myths about marriage are erroneous beliefs as to how the marriage life would be. These factors could give rise to difficulties in marital adjustments thereby resulting in incompatibility between the couple, further resulting in termination of the marriage. The present study aims at studying the relationship between belief in myths about marriage and marital expectations of the married couples. The study also focuses on whether gender, years of marriage, nature of marriage and number of children have an effect on the variables. Data was collected from 200 samples (couples married for 15 or lesser years), using convenience sampling method. Pearson's product moment correlation and student t test were used to analyse the data. |
Pages: 151-152 Present study made an attempt to find out the relationship of social support and job involvement in bank staff. Social support is broadly defined as the resources provided by other persons and can be conceptualized as the function of one's network. Social support is considered one of the mechanisms through which social networks are thought to affect health Job-involvement refers to your involvement with or alienation from a specific job. The study aimed to correlate the social support and job involvement in clerks working in Urban Co- operative bank, Bareilly. A total of fifty employees, aged 26 to 40 years participated in this research. Purposive sampling technique was applied to select the subject. Social Support Scale developed by Cohen et al. (1985) and Hindi adaptation of Job Involvement Scale (Kapoor & Singh, 1978; of Lodahl & Kejner's Job Involvement Scale) was used to fulfil the objectives of the present investigation and subjected to statistical analysis. The coefficient of correlation between social support and job involvement among bank employees is 0.13 which is positively related. It brings out this idea that if social support increases, then job involvement also increased and if social support decreases then job involvement surely decreases. |
Pages: 153-156 The process of hospitalization is a very traumatic experience whether it's a male or female. People have to move their life setting from the familiar to unfamiliar environment, losing their privacy, and sense of security and individuality. There are several factors which can lead to stress. People who are having some physical or mental discomfort but are not hospitalized also experiences stress in some form or other. What is really important when it comes to stress is not what happens to you but how you perceive what happens to you. The level of stress we feel has a lot to do with our personality, and our subjective interpretation of what is happening. Different people when exposed to similar stressful stimuli may perceive them differently on the basis of their present situation and conditions. The present study is designed to see the difference between how stress is perceived in different situations. The situations considered here are hospitalization and non-hospitalization settings. Further the span of hospitalization is also taken under consideration. Comparison is made between patients admitted for less than and equal to/more than five days. The study is carried out on 60 participants, 30 in each group, selected by random sampling method. The tool used for the study is perceived stress scale by Sheldon Cohen consisting of 10 items. Independent t-test is used for statistical analysis. The result indicates that there is no significant difference in the way stress is perceived by hospitalized and non-hospitalized patients. Length of hospitalization also does not affect the perception of stress of inpatients. |