IAHRW International Journal of Social Sciences Review

Pages: 504-506
Uma Rani (Department of Psychology, SPW Degree & PG College, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh)

Education is the right of every child because it equips him to meet the challenges of life. The children with disabilities (CWD) need this all the more, to supplement their differential talents so that they can prepare themselves for a happy productive and useful life. Efforts to educate children with disabilities began soon after independence in India. An India has made impressive economic gains in the last few decades and currently has the 4th largest economy in terms of purchasing power parity. Despite this improvement, more than 260 million people in India live in poverty. The reciprocity of poverty producing disability, and disability resulting in poverty (Rao, 1990) creates unique challenges for the integrated education movement in India.

Pages: 510-512
Mridula Apte (Clinical Psychologist, Vidula Psychological Consultancy, Deenanath Mangeshkar Hospital, Pune and Department of Psychology, Faculty, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune)
V. R. Shinde (Department of Psychology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra)
S. R. Barve (Consultant Psychologist, Vidula Psychological Consultancy, Pune, Maharashtra)

The effects of Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT) on social anxiety have been well documented in scientific literature. A 19 year old girl hailing from upper middle socioeconomic status nuclear family , with professionally qualified parents, and no significant family history or past history, temperamentally quiet and shy, presented with symptoms of feeling extremely anxious with people around her, except her parents, leading to severe forms of avoidance behaviours, treatment at various places having yielded mixed and temporary results. CBT was used for this purpose, Behavior Therapy (BT) techniques like time scheduling, relaxation techniques, Systematic Desensitization(SD), in vivo exposure to social situations with co therapist, were used along with identification of errors, thought restructuring techniques, and psycho education about the problem as it has been chronic and the client was unable to comprehend it fully. Minimal dose of antidepressants was ongoing since several years. Treatment yielded positive results until client started reporting fleeting delusional symptoms intermittently. Psycho diagnostic assessment confirmed psychotic symptomatology of a delusional nature. Medication was started for the same. After an adequate period of medication, CBT was restarted and client responded well. Currently client has made a great deal of progress in terms of joining up for classes to learn new things, joining up for a regular college to finish her studies, client is also doing academically well there. Client has made new acquaintances, as well as a close friend in college. Treatment period lasted for over 2 years, and follow up is ongoing. Client continues to have anxious feelings while meeting new people, but tends to feel better in a short span of time, as against earlier.

Pages: 519-526
Padma Dalal (Department of Geography, Govt College, Dujana, Jhajjar, Haryana)

In this study an attempt have been made to prepare a land use and land cover classes using visual interpretation approach and the physiographic of the Tons watershed was prepared. The modern remote sensing techniques using space-born sensor in visible, thermal and microwave region of electro-magnetic spectrum, have been found to be valuable tool in evaluation, monitoring and management of land, water and crop resources Land suitability for wheat crop in general and land capabilities for field crops in particular were analyzed and presented .With this Land capabilities have been accessed for the study area using FAO land capability scheme. The area has been analyzed for wheat crop suitability using FAO criteria in this analysis of soil texture, drainage intensity, stoniness, slop gradient were consider for the suitability classification.

Pages: 530-535
Dipti Salhuria (Post Graduate Government College for Girls, Sector-42, Chandigarh)

Art cinema portrays the lives and circumstances of women, through a realistic representation of their status, social construction and culture, and attempts to address issues of rights and dignity, freedom, respect for authority, violence, and other issues impacting women. The three movies taken up for analysis in the present study focused on three major women's issues in present Indian society, viz. women's identity, declining sex ratio and its consequences, and finally rape and a travesty of justice as faced by victims of rape. The movies portray the apathy of a society, insensitive to women's trials and tribulations, as well as the strength of the women who rise above their problems with courage and fortitude, as Aditi does in Astitva, Kalki in Matrubhoomi and Sanwari in Bawandar.

Pages: 545-548
Rimpy Monga (Department of Psychology, M.D. University, Rohtak, Haryana)
Sunita Malhotra (Ex. Dean Academic Affairs, M.D.University, Rohtak, Haryana)

The quality of life (QOL) male and female, the connections that they build up, and their work have changed significantly in the previous 50 years. QOL is influenced by different angles, for example, individuals' physical and emotional well-being, family and social relationship, or networks .Some investigations displayed steady discoveries proposing that the dimension of the QOL is fundamentally influenced by age , instructive dimensions, and occupation and education .Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that the principle affecting variables on QOL vary by gender difference. An employee is being largely affected by his or her quality of life. Therefore, intentions of the researchers in the field of executive field is to focus on the quality of life of an employees who are responsible for executive decision making Thus, the identified factor could be affecting the level of employee’s quality of life are their gender. The present investigation was conducted with the main aim to evaluate the gender difference on the QOL and their domains -“physical, psychological, social & environmental”.A sample of 300 employees( 160 males and 140 females ) working in various multinational IT companies located in NCR – Delhi, Gurgaon, and Noida were selected for the presents study. WHOQualiy of life (WHOQOL – BREF, World Health Organization (1996)) was administered on the sample. The descriptive statistics was calculated which includes the mean and range for scale. Comparison of male and female managers on QOL and their domains– “physical, psychological, social & environmental” were computed by using t-test. Results reveals that males scored high on physical QoL (t = -3.098; p ≤ .002), psychological QoL (t = -2.471; p ≤ .014), social QoL (t = -4.938; p ≤ .001), environmental QoL (t = -3.412; p ≤ .001).

Pages: 553-556
सुनीता नेगी एवं बीना सकलानी (मानव विज्ञान विभाग, हे.न.ब.ग. (केन्द्रीय) विश्वविद्यालय, श्रीनगर गढ़वाल)

प्रस्तुत शोध पत्र में ग्रामीण समाज में मातृत्व एवं शिशु स्वास्थ्य के रखरखाव में दाई की भूमिका का अध्ययन किया जायेगा किस प्रकार से प्रसव वेदना एवं गर्भावस्था में सघ्ंार्ष के दौरान जैसे सुदृढ़ आर्थिक स्थिति का अभाव, सड़क या गाॅव से स्वास्थ्य केन्द्र की दूरी, अचानक प्रसव पीड़ा होने पर कुशल कर्मियों के उपलब्ध नही होने से आपातकालीन स्थिति में दाईयां घर घर जाकर अपनी सेवायें देती है। गर्भावस्था के दौरान ग्रामीण महिलाओं को कृषि कार्य एवं पशुपालन हेतु चारे की व्यवस्था करने के दौरान शारीरिक परिश्रम के कारण समस्यायें जैसे पेट दर्द, कमर दर्द एवं जांघों में दर्द होने पर 42 प्रतिशत महिलायें दाई से सम्पर्क करती हैं, तथा 68 प्रतिशत महिलाओं ने प्रसव पीड़ा में दाई द्वारा सेवायें ली है। समाज में दाई प्रसव एवं गर्भावस्था के अतिरिक्त नवजात का पेट दर्द हेतु परम्परागत रखरखाव भी करती हंै। प्रशिक्षित एवं प्रशिक्षित दाई की कार्यशैली में अन्तर पाया गया है। उपर्युक्त तथ्यों के बावजूद डब्ल्यू.एच.ओ. मातृत्व एवं शिशु स्वास्थ्य को ध्यान में रखकर प्रसव हेतु दाई को छोड़कर कुशल कर्मी नर्स या डा.ॅ की सिफारिश करता है। प्रस्तुत शोध पत्र प्राथमिक स्त्रोतों पर आधारित हें जिसमें वर्णनात्मक एवं साख्ंियकीय तथ्यो का विवरण है।

Pages: 182-187
Nidhi Sharma (Department of Psychology, K. G. Campus, Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand)

The purpose of this study was to compare the mental health of Indian and Foreign participants as an effect of meditation, as a stress management technique. Total 40 participants were assigned randomly and divide them into two groups namely Indian participants (20) and Foreign participants (20). Each group of participants further, bifurcated into males (10) and females (10). In this study we included only those participants who are practicing meditation at least from three months ago and having age between 45-65 years. We administered mental health inventory constructed by Jagdish and Srivastava (1983). The inventory measures mental health in six dimensions such as Positive Self-Evaluation, Perception of Reality, Integration of Personality, Autonomy, Group Oriented Attitude and Environmental Mastery. Data were collected from different meditation centers of Haridwar, Rishikesh, and Dehradun districts of Uttarakhand State. Results showed significant difference between Indian and Foreign participants on all the six dimensions of mental health. Gender of each group did not show any significant difference on any dimension of mental health, however significant difference found between both groups of males as well as females on almost all the dimensions of mental health. Interaction between participants and gender of both the groups found to be significant on the dimension of perception of reality whereas, gender of both groups showed significant difference on all dimensions of mental health.

Pages: 194-198
Trapti Pathak and Krishna Kumar Mishra (Institute of Behavioural Science, Gujarat Forensic Sciences University, Gandhinagar, Gujarat)

Mental health is not merely an absence of mental illness; instead it is a dynamic state of internal equilibrium which enables individuals to use their abilities in harmony with universal values of society. Mental Health includes our emotional, psychological and social well-being, and it also affects our thoughts, feelings and behaviors. It also determines our ability to handle stress, relate to others and take decisions. In the present research issues related with mental health (Psychological distress) on the basis of life experiences (family relationship) are planned to explore in domestic violence affected and non-affected women. 100 domestic violence affected and 100 non-affected women from different NGOs from Himanchal Pradesh State. Findings of the study suggest that violence affected women have higher levels of anxiety, hopelessness, and depression with compare to non-affected women.

Pages: 202-205
Z. Tehseem Fathima, B. Nandhika, and Ayesha Arif Zinna (Department of Psychology, JBAS College for Women, Chennai, Tamil Nadu)

The study examined the relationship between fear of negative appearance evaluation and body esteem among male and female students. The study also investigated if there were any gender differences in fear of negative appearance evaluation between male and female students. The sample consisted of 120 high school and college students out of which 60 were male and 60 were female. The students were selected from 2 colleges and 2 schools in Chennai city. The students were administered the Fear of Negative Appearance Evaluation Scale by Cooper, Lundgren, Anderson, and Thompson (2004) and Body Esteem Scale revised by Frost, Franzoi, Oswald, and Shields (2017). Pearson correlation coefficient was used to investigate the relationship between the fear of negative appearance evaluation and different dimensions of body esteem. Independent samples t-test was used to examine the gender differences in fear of negative appearance evaluation. The analysis revealed that there were no significant gender differences in fear of negative appearance evaluation among male and female students. The fear of negative appearance evaluation and weight concern were significantly, negatively correlated among female students. There was a significant negative relationship between fear of negative appearance evaluation and physical condition among female students. There was no significant relationship between fear of negative appearance evaluation and sexual attractiveness among female students. There was no significant relationship between the fear of negative appearance evaluation and sexual attractiveness, upper body strength and physical condition among male students.

Pages: 209-216
Raunaq Chawla (Department of Applied Psychology, University of Delhi, Delhi)
Vibhuti Gupta (Department of Psychology, University of Delhi, Delhi)

Knowledge hiding is a new construct in organizational research. Knowledge hiding assumes significance in the context of the “knowledge workers,” a term coined by Drucker who predicted employees' knowledge to be the most important asset of any organization in the 21st century. However, the organization has no ownership over the intellectual assets of its employees. Thus, it cannot compel them to transfer their knowledge to other organizational members. Thus, the present research examines relationship between knowledge hiding behaviour and individual factors (personality, Machiavellianism, psychological ownership of knowledge), attitude/ behaviour resulting from organizational membership (organizational commitment & organizational citizenship behaviour) and organizational climate (openness, collaboration & trust) in IT organizations. For this study, data 150 IT was collected from employees through a non-random purposive sampling. Correlational results show that all organizational climate factors, organizational commitment, organizational citizenship behaviour and personality dimensions (conscientiousness, agreeableness & openness to experience) share a negative relationship with knowledge hiding. However, some individual factors such as Machiavellianism and psychological ownership of knowledge share a positive relationship with knowledge hiding behaviour. Regression model shows that 61% variance in knowledge hiding is explained by the predictor model [F = 56.85 (DF Between = 142, DF within = 149) =, p<.000]. Limitations are small sample size, unequal gender participation, non-random sampling method, and use of self-report data. Findings can help practitioners develop intervention for curbing knowledge hiding and improving knowledge management.

Pages: 220-223
Vinayak R. Pathak and R. S. Mhaske (Department of Psychology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra)

This study was aimed at analysing the relationship between five factors of personality and anxiety among college students. The study also wanted to examine whether the personality factors can predict anxiety. The sample of 441 college students in the age group of 18 to 21years was collected from various colleges in the city of Pune using incidental sampling method. The Pearson correlation, t-test, and regression analysis were used for analysing the data. The study revealed that neuroticism was significantly positively whereas extraversion, openness, and conscientiousness were significantly negatively correlated to anxiety. Agreeableness showed marginally significant negative relationship. Multiple regression analysis revealed that neuroticism significantly positively whereas openness and conscientiousness significantly negatively predicted the anxiety. Extraversion and agreeableness could not predict the anxiety. The study did not reveal significant gender differences in anxiety.

Pages: 228-233
R. Anbarasi, J.P. Sharanya Nambisan, and Ayesha Arif Zinna (Department of Psychology, JBAS College for Women, Chennai, Tamil Nadu)

The study compared job satisfaction and perceived stress among government and private sector employees. The study also examined the relationship between job satisfaction and perceived stress among government and private sector employees. The study also investigated if there were any gender differences in job satisfaction and perceived stress among employees working in the government and private sectors. The sample consisted of 160 male and female employees, out of which 80 were from government sector and 80 from private sector. The samples were selected from 2 government organizations and 2 private organizations. The employees were administered the Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire (short-form) developed by Weiss, Dawis, England, and Lofquist (1967) and Perceived Stress Scale developed by (Cohen, Kamarck, & Mermelstein, 1983). Pearson correlation coefficient was used to investigate the relationship between Job satisfaction and Perceived stress. Independent samples t-test was used to examine gender differences and to compare job satisfaction and perceived stress among government and private sector employees. The analysis revealed that job satisfaction and perceived stress were significantly, negatively correlated. There was a significant difference in job satisfaction and perceived stress among employees working in government and private sector. The employees working in the government sector experienced more job satisfaction compared to the employees working in the private sector. The employees working in the private sector experienced greater perceived stress compared to the employees working in the government sector. No significant difference was seen in job satisfaction among male and female employees. But there was a significant difference in perceived stress among male and female employees. Female employees experienced more perceived stress than male employees. There was no significant difference found in job satisfaction among male and female employees working in the government sector. But there was a significant difference in perceived stress among male and female employees working in the government sector. Female employees experienced more perceived stress than male employees working in the government sector. There was no significant difference in job satisfaction and perceived stress among male and female employees working in the private sector.