IAHRW International Journal of Social Sciences Review
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Pages: 393-401 Spirituality has always been considered to be a natural part of being human. Spiritual orientation leads to spiritual transcendence when the capacity of individuals goes beyond to stand outside of their immediate time and place, and to view life from a larger, more objective perspective. Behavior is transcendent when it overrides environmental contingencies or apparent personal limits. Transcendence is an important predictor of mental health and well-being among middle-aged and older adults (Ellermann & Reed, 2001). Religion and spirituality are universal threads in the fabric of human experience. While researchers initially measured religion as a uni-dimensional entity, it soon became evident that there were two distinct types of religiousness. Allport (1959) coined the term 'extrinsic' and 'intrinsic religious orientation'. He distinguished between the intrinsically and extrinsically oriented as those who approach religion as 'living' or 'using' religion respectively (Pollard & Bates, 2004). From the self-determination perspective too, self-initiation and regulation of religious orientation was emphasized in researches (Ryan & Connell, 1989). A third dimension of religious orientation was later developed called the quest orientation. According to Kristensen, Pedersen, and Williams (1975), the third dimension emerged as a result of argument that the intrinsic-extrinsic dichotomy never included all the constituent elements of mature religiosity. According to them, this observation suggests that "at least one fundamental aspect of mature religiosity not included in Allport's original model is an open-ended intellectual search for answers to grander and more existential issues and thus, this religious dimension was named the quest orientation". The present investigation proposed to examine gender differences in all these three aspects of religious orientation, viz., intrinsic, extrinsic, and quest orientation. The aging process is an important step in an individual's spiritual journey and spiritual growth. Erik (1964) postulated that ego virtues or ego strengths are instinctual, inherent, and internal strengths gained by healthy individuals. With the successful resolution of all eight psychosocial crises throughout the life cycle, a healthy personality results (Erikson, 1956). Transcendence is driven by intrinsic motivating factors. Maslow has recently emphasized that growth motivation emphasizes one's journey from self-actualization towards transcendence. Therefore, it was considered important to study how males and females differ on their path towards these life goals. The present study attempted to examine gender differences in spiritual transcendence, religiosity, ego strength, and self-actualization. There are various transitions for both, men and women when entering into the middle years of life. So, it is important to analyze how the two differ in their approach to reach the point of fulfilment in life. The sample comprised 100 professors (50 males & 50 females) in the age group of 40-55 years. Participants were from urban cities of Punjab, India. t-test (for independent samples) was applied which showed no significant gender differences on spiritual transcendence, religiosity, ego strength, and self-actualization, by and large. Adult women however, reported higher levels of quest orientation (a subscale of religiosity) than men. The findings are interpreted in light of the Indian socio-cultural context. |
Pages: 402-405 Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia in the newborn is a familiar reason for hospital readmission during the initial week of postnatal life. Because of elevated amount of stress experienced due to nurturing a child, the caregivers may experience parental burnout (Crinc et al., 2002; Duygun & Sezgin, 2003; Freudenberger & North, 1986). These enduring demands deplete the energy and motivation of the parents and they may experience the emotions of self-blame and anger (Procaccini & Kiefaber, 1983). There is a wide literature about families of children with chronic illness, which have documented adverse effects of the chronically ill child on the family system (Colville & Pierce, 2012). Literature has revealed that not much work has been done on the parents of neonates with hyperbilirubinemia. Hence, this study has been designed to examine the various predictors of parental burnout among the parents of neonates with hyperbilirubinemia. The objective of this study was to examine the factors responsible for parental burnout in the mothers and fathers of male and female neonates with hyperbilirubinemia. The aim of the present investigation was to study the predictors of parental burnout among parents of neonates with hyperbilirubinemia. The sample comprised of 150 mothers and 150 fathers of male and female neonates with hyperbilirubinemia. The standardized tools were used to assess different variables. Based on the findings of the present study, it is clear that mothers and fathers of male and female neonates with hyperbilirubinemia experienced parental burnout. There is a crucial need to develop different coping strategies which respond positively to individual's changing needs, especially for the parents of neonates admitted in NICU for the treatment of hyperbilirubinemia |
Pages: 406-408 Alcohol is known to affect executive functions especially when chronically abuse and many studies found dysfunctions in social cognition as well. Both executive functions and social cognition share similar brain structures for their execution. The study aims at finding the association between executive functions and Theory of Mind among patients with alcohol dependence syndrome. Tests of Theory of Mind and Executive Functions were used on 49 patients and results showed significant correlation between second order TOM and executive functions. However, further studies need to be done on more participants and controlling relevant socio-demographic and clinical variables effectively to establish the link. |
Pages: 409-413 The article dwells on the importance on 'accurately' assessing the nutritional status of children, while correctly decoding the term 'malnutrition', in the context of terminologies, viz., 'severe and acute malnutrition', 'under-nutrition' and 'over-nutrition', while following both internationally accepted methodologies and India's intrinsic demographic complexities that varies from state to state. While “direct assessment methodologies”, including, 'anthropometric', 'bio-chemical', 'clinical' or 'dietary' related methods help in assessing immediate/present individual level measurements that can directly relate to nutritional mapping of an individual to a whole family, “indirect assessment mechanisms”, including gathering information related to 'vital statistics', 'economic factors' and 'ecological variables' for populations can help policy makers in capturing interdisciplinary variables that are to be further interlinked to arrive at a programmatic algorithm; that may help them in encapsulating more research specific rigor. This additional rigor is expected to amalgamate both multidisciplinary/ interdisciplinary approaches, while using underlying trans-disciplinarity to extrapolate and analyse national data using proven international and national conventions of 'nutrition classifications'. Correct assessment methodologies leading to correct classification would further provide that programmatic impetus that may be the 'solution' or rather 'missing link' that presently restricts India's present path-dependent nutrition program architecture. |
Pages: 414-418 Self-regulation can be conceptualized as an ability to regulate one's emotions, desires and action for the successful pursuit of one's life goals in socio-cultural context. It is a complex concept which includes regulation over a variety of processes such as emotion in the form of emotion regulation, motor in the form of behavioral control and cognition in the form of cognitive regulation or executive function. It is an important skill and value, which contributes to social harmony and world peace. According to Bauer and Baumeister (2011), for leading a cultural life i.e., to live in groups, it is important that people change self-centered desires into behaviors that enhance group interests, convert aggressive behaviors into pro-social behaviors, and obey legal framework which is functioning of the society. Consequently the cultural life is also influenced/impacted by self-regulatory skills. Hence, the individuals have to develop the skills in order to live harmoniously and enjoy the advantages of cultural life. Thus the pro-social behaviors need a large amount of self-regulation. On the basis of the theoretical concepts reviewed, a pilot study was undertaken to contextualize the concept of self-regulation in Indian Context. Result of the pilot study indicated that Dr. A.P.J Abdul Kalam was the highly self-regulated person in Indian context. Hence, the present study is an attempt to understand the personality of Dr. A.P.J Abdul Kalam through auto-biography analysis in the light of socio-cultural aspects of his life which guided him to become a self-regulated person. |
Pages: 419-422 The concept of district administration is not new in origin. District Administration existed during ancient times also. The post of District Collector/Deputy Commissioner as the head of district was first created by Warren Hasting, the then Governor-General of India, in 1772. His main duty was to collect revenue and maintain law and order. After Independence and over the period of time, District Collector/Deputy Commissioner has become an important arm for implementing national and state policies of welfare, development, etc. and his role as Collector has ceased to get prime attention. The present paper will discuss the present role and challenges faced by Deputy Commissioner as Collector in the state of Punjab. |
Pages: 423-426 Alcohol is one of the leading causes of deaths in the world and is thus posing a potential threat to modern society particularly with respect to the adolescent population. Alcohol abuse also creates deficits in different cognitive functions and impairs socio-occupational functioning. Many researchers have found an association between different socio-demographic and clinical details and severity of alcohol dependence to understand factors that can help in curbing the menace. The current study is an attempt to find associates of the severity of alcohol abuse and a total of 69 patients, with the diagnosis of alcohol dependence syndrome, were assessed on Severity of Alcohol Dependence Questionnaire (SADQ) and various socio-demographic and clinical details were gathered. Pearson's correlation shows that the severity of alcohol dependence was negatively associated with education, patient's income, family income and age of first use of alcohol. Finally with much larger sample size and considering many other variables to find the association with the severity of the alcohol abuse so that predictive variables will be checked as a preventive measure. |
Pages: 427-430 During the last few years, psychological construct mindfulness has drawn attention as a form of clinical intervention. This article first discusses the nature, definition, origin of mindfulness and also briefly review the self report mindfulness measures, mindfulness meditation and its clinical intervention in improving mental health. We conclude that mindfulness foster positive qualities such as psychological well-being, self compassion, reduce cognitive & emotional reactivity, psychological symptoms and improve over all mental health. Mindfulness meditation is used to improve cognitive function, resolve emotional exhaustion and reduce perceived stress. Mindfulness-oriented interventions effectively treat a range of mental problems such as anxiety, depression, drug dependency, borderline personality disorder. Suggestion are made for future studies in the field. |
Pages: 431-433 The main concern is to investigate the relationship between organizational climate and job satisfaction. The population includes 200 lecturers from different colleges of Kurukshetra. Descriptive statistics and regression analysis are used to explain variation in job satisfaction and organizational climate. The result suggests that the organizational climate and job satisfaction has a simultaneous relationship. In this paper I highlighted about study the job satisfaction and organizational climate. Inter correlations among eleven measures of organization climate are ranging from -.01to.60. Only one is significant at .05 level of significance and all the other 36 are significant at .01 level of significance. Correlations between three (3) measures of job satisfaction and eleven measure of organizational climate are very low ranging from -.01 to -.26 only four of thirty three correlations are significant. |
Pages: 434-436 Compulsive Internet Use is the uncontrollable use of Internet which causes disturbance in the life of the individual, and is influenced by and related to some psychological characteristics and features. This study aims to understand the predictors of Compulsive Internet Use in young adults, namely Emotional Intelligence and experience of Loneliness among young students. A total of 73 boys and girls with age range 18-25 years, all being college students in Pune city of India, participated in the study, selected using non-probability incidental sampling method. Results show that there are significant negative correlations of Compulsive Internet Use with Emotional Intelligence features of Happiness, Independence, Stress Tolerance, Self-Actualization, Self-Awareness, Reality Testing, Impulse Control, Flexibility, Social Responsibility and Empathy. Also there is significant positive correlation between Compulsive Internet Use and Loneliness. Multiple regression analysis indicated that the only two features of Emotional Intelligence – Social Responsibility and Stress Tolerance – are significant predictors of Compulsive Internet Use. |
Pages: 437-441 The aim of the study was to compare the preoperative and post-operative intelligence and facial recognition scores among epileptic patients who underwent Anterior Temporal Lobectomy (ATL) as part of their treatment. A total of 30 consecutive patients who met the specified criteria and followed up for a minimum period of three months with neuropsychological examinations were selected for the study after an informed consent. They were worked up in the epilepsy unit of Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Science & Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, and operated in the Department of Neurosurgery between June 2015 and October 2016. Four of these patients who had not cooperated in the follow up neuropsychological battery for various reasons were taken out from the statistical analysis. The remaining 26 patient's (16 males & 10 females) has been selected for the study. The participants were divided into two groups according to the side of the brain involved. Fifteen patients (58%) underwent left ATL, and eleven patients (42%) underwent right ATL. The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) was used to assess IQ and subtests of the Wechsler Memory Scale were used to assess facial recognition. The data obtained were analyzed using the paired t-test. The results showed that there was a significant improvement of IQ in left ATL patients, the right-sided patients shows a measurable improvements but that not reaches the statistical significance, while facial recognition improved significantly in both left and right ATL patients. |
Pages: 442-446 In today's appearance-obsessed world, it is not surprising that being overweight or obese is considered to be something undesirable, often leading to a wide range of psychological issues like low self-esteem, depression, body dysmorphic disorders, eating disorders and body dissatisfaction. This study measured the correlation between automatic thoughts, self-esteem and mindfulness in overweight and obese adults between the ages of 18 and 55. Mindfulness is a trait that helps people to overcome automatic thoughts and also, has been found to be linked with higher self-esteem. The variables were measured using Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire (Kendall & Horton, 1980); Rosenberg Self Esteem Scale (Rosenberg, 1965); Cognitive and Affective Mindfulness Scale (Kumar, Feldman, & Hayes, 2005). Statistical techniques such as Karl Pearson Product moment correlation and independent sample t-test were used for the analysis of the data. Results indicated a high negative correlation between automatic thoughts and self-esteem, and high negative correlation between automatic thoughts and with mindfulness. However, there is a high positive correlation between mindfulness and self-esteem. There is significant difference in automatic thoughts and mindfulness on the basis of age and marital status, and also between working and studying individuals. Implications of the findings of the study are discussed. |
Pages: 447-451 The mastery of parenting competency influences how each parent interprets his/her own behaviour and his/her child's behaviour. This paper discusses about the significant effect of parental competency on children's academic achievement and prosocial behaviour. The aim of the study was to assess Parental Competency as a predictor of Children's Classroom Achievement and Pro-social Behaviour. The objectives were to study the effect of Parental Competency on Children's Classroom Achievement and on Children's Pro-social Behaviour and to assess the differential effect of Parental Competency on Classroom Achievement among male and female adolescents as well as on Pro-social Behaviour among male and female adolescents. The study consisted of total 464 samples where 232 children of age 10-14 years from government as well as private schools along with their 232 parents. It was hypothesised that there will be a significant effect of Parental Competency on Children's Classroom Achievement; there will be a significant effect of Parental Competency on Children's Pro-social Behaviour; there will be significant differential effect of Parental Competency on Classroom Achievement of male and female adolescents and there will be significant differential effect of Parental Competency on Pro-social Behaviour of male and female adolescents. The findings of the study were: (i) there is a significant effect of Parental Competency on Children's Classroom Achievement. (ii) There is significant differential effect of Parental Competency on Classroom Achievement of female adolescents. (iii) There is significant differential effect of Parental Competency on Pro-social Behaviour of male and female adolescents. Thus it can be concluded that parental competency plays an important factor on classroom achievement and prosocial behaviour of children, irrespective of both male and female. These skills are undoubtedly developed once being parent. But for the all-round development of children, parents should refine these skills through reading, training and rehearsing from time to time. |
Pages: 452-455 The present paper examines the correlation between the aggression, suicidal ideation and positive life orientation among adolescent boys of Kashmir. The sample consists of 100 adolescent boys (n= 100) from two different schools of Kashmir. Aggression questionnaire by Buss and Perry, Multi attitude Suicidal Scale (MAST) by Isreal Orbach and Positive life orientation scale by Agarwal and Dalal was used for data collection. The results revealed significant correlations among the dimensions of aggression with all the dimensions of suicidal ideation. The results also showed that hostility is negatively correlated with positive life orientation. The results showed significant correlation between positive life orientation and two dimension of suicidal ideation: attraction to life while repulsion by life. |
Pages: 456-459 The present paper is an attempt to find out the major factors influencing the agricultural productivity during the period of 1998-99 to 2015-16 in Northwestern Haryana. The district wise time series data has been obtained from secondary sources. District wise agricultural productivity has been calculated with the help of Bhalla and Tyagi method (1989). To examine the factors influencing the agricultural productivity multiple correlation and step wise regression has been calculated. In Northwestern Haryana agricultural productivity is positively correlated with density of tubewells, consumption of fertilizers and proportion of net sown area at 1 percent level of significance. Agricultural productivity is negatively correlated with percent area of food grains under HYV seeds and consumption of pesticides at 1 percent level of significance. Stepwise regression shows that in Northwestern region of the state modern agricultural inputs are the main determinants of agricultural land productivity. |
Pages: 460-462 The purpose of the present study was to identify the gender differences in burnout between male and female counselors. A sample of 100 male and 100 female counselors was collected from different psychiatric centers, schools and family courts of Rajasthan. 't' test was used to assess the significance of difference. The results of the study revealed a higher level of burnout in female counselors. |
Pages: 463-466 Psychological well-being is concerned with living a good life and working in a best possible way in all aspects of life whereas positive psychological capital can be explained as the constructive and ongoing plight in a human beings life which is achieved by combining high level of hope, self-efficacy, resiliency and optimism. The current investigation was designed to study the interrelationship between positive psychological capital and psychological well-being among young adult students. The sample for the current investigation consisted of 300 young adult students within the age range of 20-25 years and all of them were from colleges and universities of NCR region. For this purpose; Hope Scale, The General Self-Efficacy Scale, Resilience Scale and The Life Orientation Test Revised were used to assess Positive Psychological Capital and Psychological Well-Being Scale was applied to assess Psychological Well-being. Inter-correlational analysis was used to see the associations between the two sets of the variables. It was observed that components of Positive Psychological Capital positively and significantly contribute towards Psychological Well-being. Results were discussed in terms of its implications. |
Pages: 467-470 The aim of the present study was to assess the difference between participants having high or low scores on religiosity with regard to two strategies of emotion regulation (cognitive reappraisal & expressive suppression) and two dimensions of moral identity (internalization & symbolization). The present sample consisted of 56 females in the age range of 18 to 24 years. All the participants completed the questionnaire measures namely Religiosity Scale (Bhusan, 1970); Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (Gross & John, 2003); and Moral Identity Inventory (Aquino & Reed, 2002). Data was analyzed by independent sample t test. The results clearly revealed that high religious individuals used expressive suppression as emotion regulation strategy more than low religious participants. Findings also suggested that participants high on religiosity considered moral identity internalization more important than low religious participants. |
Pages: 471-474 The purpose of this review article was to put light on the concept of emotion work with the help of Indian and Western psychological perspectives. Similarities as well as differences in both perspectives were taken into account. Indian psychological perspective is based on Shrimad Bhagwat Gita and Ramcharitmanas, holy books of Indians. Views related to emotion, emotional management and task effectiveness are also being discussed in the present article. |
Pages: 475-478 The world ecosystems are fast breaking down. And, humanity is at stake. The only way out is a 'sustainable development' with proper appropriation of resources. But, it takes a mindset- the mindset of sustainability in every consumer's mind. Our 'Blue planet' is the only known planet endowed with life due to water. Out of 2.5% of fresh water available on earth which are mostly trapped in ice caps, only a fraction of 0.3% is accessible for human consumption. A 7.5 billion strong population is after 0.3%. As 'Resources and Population' are inversely proportional, 'water wars' are bound to happen. So much so is its scarcity and vitality, water is no more treated as a natural resource but a commoditized item now. What was oil in 20th Century is now 'water' in the 21st Century. It has earned a name tag of 'oil' of the new 'century. Therefore, it has become a new 'gold rush'. So, people tend to protect and control this precious liquid through power politics. People began to see water as power. In the light of global water scenario, a hydraulic life of the hills of Northeast India in the conservation of fresh water is presented here. |
Pages: 479-483 In the present context of business environment with Volatility, Uncertainty, Complexity and Ambiguity (VUCA), organisations are knocked by technological, legislative and social changes which can amend, radically their internal structure and their stakeholders' relationship. The necessity to adapt to a hastily changing business environment prescribes that organizations shall make best use of all existing talent. This whole process would need a change and it has been always known that all humans have an emotional reaction to change. Therefore, instead of ignoring or resenting the emotional reaction and claiming the people as “over-emotional” or “change resistant”, emotional intelligence is applied to help the employees cope up with the process of change. This paper is an effort towards studying the notion of organizational metamorphosis model focusing on structural changes integrating mechanisms to develop a better culture in the organisations as well as to identify the impact applying emotional intelligence in their structure and the system of management. Random Sampling from the hypothetical and pragmatic contributions to find the association between Emotional intelligence and work-related resilience in an organisation. Experiential data is utilised to offer an assessment of the thought and their relationships. Emphasizing the VUC A environment authors tried in this research paper to release up innovative potential for the considerate the emotional intelligence, where organisational innovation and metamorphosis including the development and application of new technologies as well as human process innovations. The proposed paper indicates its result depending on the type of change related to emotional intelligence which is frequently associated with work related resilience in the organisation. According to association rules and Apriori algorithm where the association among the data together with support and confidence can be analyzed. The finding will measure the level changing effects after the use of Emotional Intelligence between the colleagues in the work environment. |
Pages: 484-486 Self-esteem is the reflection of the overall evaluation of subjective emotions of an individual which are worthy. Self esteem is the attitude of the individual towards his/her self. It contains the beliefs about oneself, as well as the emotional states like joy, hopelessness, pride and shame. The present study was conducted to explore the association between personality traits and self esteem among young adults. For the purpose of the study, samples of 100 students belonging to age group 18-25 years were randomly selected. The NEO-FFIand Self Esteem Inventory was administered on the subjects. A correlational design was used in the present study. Results of the study showed that neuroticism trait is negatively correlated with self esteem, on the other side; Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Extra version and Openness to experience are positively related with self esteem. |
Pages: 487-489 Social work values to maximize the well-being of individuals with disabilities by advocating for their human rights, facilitating their empowerment and enabling them to achieve their needs and aspirations in a dignified manner. Literature has highlighted the profession still has a lot to achieve in the area of disability, especially in the Indian scenario. The article examines the theoretical underpinning, contemporary progressive legislation, enhanced role and future implications for social work practice in the area of disablement. The article implies integration of life span perspective and intersectoral approach in social work practice to achieve more efficient, effective and sustainable health outcomes in the area of disabilities. |
Pages: 490-494 There is a time-honored interest in the literature connecting the ideas of religiosity, spirituality and happiness. The beneficial effects of spirituality with regard to individual well-being have been documented in different populations. Thus spirituality has emerged as a major predictor of happiness in the contemporary era. A systematic review of 33 studies (2000-2016) on spirituality, religiosity and happiness was conducted. Two major approaches to study the relationship between spirituality and happiness were classified: 1) studies emphasizing the negative or antagonistic relation between spirituality and negative emotional states. 2) Studies emphasizing the positive relationship between spirituality, happiness and well-being. Majority of the well-conducted studies found that higher levels of spiritual and religious involvement are positively associated with indicators of psychological well-being, happiness and lowered negative emotions. It was manifested that spiritual involvement is usually associated with enhanced well-being and happiness. |
Pages: 495-497 This study examines the effect of age and driving expertise on the drivers' on-road behavior. Drivers' on-road behavior is examined in terms of driving errors (i.e., slips & lapses) mistakes, and violations by using Driver Behavior Questionnaire (DBQ) (Reason, 1990). 48 drivers voluntarily participated in this study. The results demonstrated that in comparison to expert drivers, novice drivers committed significantly more number of on-road driving errors and violations. The results also suggest that there is an insignificant difference between different categories of age with respect to driving errors and violations. This study also identifies the five most frequently committed on-road errors and violations that could potentially lead to on-road crashes or near crashes. |