IAHRW International Journal of Social Sciences Review
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Page: 21-26 Mona Vij (Ramgarhia College of Education, Phagwara, Punjab) Modern education demands the use of co-operative and collaborative strategies of learning. Many of life's most important tasks can only be accomplished in groups, and many group tasks are collective tasks that require the pooling of individual members inputs to achieve a common goal. Each member of the group contributes less than they would if they were individually responsible and this tendency of individuals is known as social loafing. There is complex link between social loafing and value orientation. Values go on updating with the growth of the students. To inculcate good values in the students there should be positive relation with each other's. The values formation can be influenced by gender. If individuals within a group feel that their productivity or inputs are not identifiable than social loafing is likely to occur. The present study is an investigation of social loafing behaviour among secondary school students in relation to their value orientation. In the present study purposive sampling technique was adopted. The population from which the sample selected was class IX students of District Kapurthala. The major findings are Students studying in different type of school, i.e., government and private differ significantly in overall task conditions of social loafing behaviour. Correlation between social loafing and value orientation shows that Value of the student is directly depends upon the school environment and It is important to make group members feel that their contribution are essential for the group success. In school, there should be well trained teacher and well equipped infrastructure, which will create a healthy environment to inspire students for group task. |
Page: 27-28 Amit Kumar (Pedagogy of Physical Science, R.B.S. College of Education, Rewari, Haryana) Constructivist teaching strategy like discussion cum inquiry in a congenial class environment can play a vital role in lifelong learning of a science concept. Like interdisciplinary, the Interusability nature of teaching methods provides a facilitating environment for effective teaching learning of science. Keeping this aspect in mind Bruner's Concept attainment model was used with inquiry approach in a constructive environment to teach physics concepts in class IX. The method used for the study was Non-equivalent pre-test post-test experimental research design. The data collected using a achievement test on 228 students were computed and to control the intervening variables analysis was done using appropriate statistical techniques of t-test and ANCOVA. It was observed that inquiry process in Bruners' Concept attainment strategy effectively facilitated physics concept learning in a constructive class room environment. Along with this it also facilitates students with other life skills as critical thinking and problem solving. |
Page: 29-32 Kavita (D.A.N. College of Education for Women, Nawanshahr, Punjab) The present study has been undertaken to find the relationship between achievement motivation and creativity of prospective teachers. A sample consisted of 842 prospective teachers was taken from teacher education colleges affiliated to Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar. The data was analyzed by using Pearsons Product Moment Correlation and t-test. The study revealed that there was a positive and significant relationship between achievement motivation and creativity of prospective teachers. Further it was also found that there was significant difference in achievement motivation of prospective teachers studying in Grant-in-Aid and Self-financed colleges. |
Page: 33-35 Yogesh Sharma (Ramgarhia College of Education, Phagwara, Punjab) Vikas Kumar Jerk Technology was proposed by Sansanwal (1990) as an instructional method to enhance the learning of students. In the present study the effect of this technology on achievement in mathematics of students has been studied. To this end, 46 eleventh grade students were taught through jerk technology where as 50 students were considered for control group and they were taught with traditional approach of lecture cum - discussion. The data was analyzed with the help of 2 × 2 ANCOVA and t-test. The results of the study showed that jerk technology was more effective than lecture method in teaching mathematics to eleventh class students. |
Page: 36-38 Sawinder Arora (G.N. College of Education for Women, Kapurthala, Punjab) While analysis of data, the parametric statistical techniques, namely, t-test, analysis of variance, analysis of co-variance, multivariate analysis of variance, or regression analysis are preferred by the researchers due to the power they possess to reject the null hypothesis. These parametric inferential procedures are applied to make generalizations beyond the sample data. Although these statistical techniques rely on parametric assumptions, educational researchers give scant attention to the testing these assumptions. However, using parametric statistical techniques with disdain toward assumption testing can be hazardous. The sample statistics may not be a good estimation to the population parameters. An alternative to overcoming this situation is applying non-parametric techniques. Non-parametric tests are known as assumption-free tests. The present paper aims to discuss common non-parametric inferential procedures. |
Page: 39-41 Vikas Kumar (D.A.N. College of Education for Women, Nawanshahr, Punjab) Inclusion is gaining recognition in developing countries like India. Inclusion in schools range from partial to full inclusion. Inclusive Education is an educational philosophy aimed at normalizing special services for which students qualify. The major thrust of Government is on Inclusion or main streaming of children with special needs, socially deprived sections, marginalized groups irrespective of age, gender, ethnicity, language, HIV status into the fabric of formal schooling. The success of inclusion depends upon the attitude of persons associated with the implementation of this programme. Positive attitude of teachers, parents and peers is needed for its success. In this study, researcher tried to measure the attitude of parents of children studying in public private schools towards inclusion of socio-economically disadvantage students in that school. The researcher prepared semi structured interview schedule to obtain information from parents on their views on inclusion of socio-economically disadvantage students. The sample comprised of 50 parents (25 mothers & 25 fathers) of children from sections where inclusion have implemented. The result of the study indicate that parents of children not belonging to socio-economically disadvantage group were not in favour of this inclusion. |
Page: 42-44 Amit Ahuja (University School of Education, GGSIP University, Delhi) In a social scenario, the term value refers to whatever desired or sought, in some context, by an individual. The operational ideology of any society is reflected by its values. Values depict the agenda of any political regime, moral beliefs and religious practices of the life of citizens. In the present day scenario, the school stage is the most suitable platform to initiate the value inculcation among the future citizens that is the students. In schools, the teachers may be invited to deliberate upon their own experiences and share the same with others as values cannot be taught in vacuum. Concerning the curricular practices at the pre-service level of teacher education, through the provision of some ways or means, there may be concrete exposure for the students and they may be able to translate these reflective tendencies into practices. The co-curricular activities, at the pre-service level of teacher education, must take into account the truth that the humans, as social beings, are born on this earth with some values and it is the responsibility of the teachers to uncover them. |
Page: 45-48 Rekha (Malwa Central College of Education for Women, Ludhiana, Punjab) It is estimated that between five to ten percent of the population experiences learning disabilities and reading disabilities are perhaps the most common among them. Dyslexia is a reading disability which affects maximum school going children. Education of these children is a matter of concern for all the educators. Different studies had tried to find suitable interventions for educating these children; one of the most effective is Ron Davis Approch. There is the Davis Dyslexia Correction Programme of Ron Davis (1997, 2003) that originated in 1984 in California and at present is being applied worldwide by facilitators in six different languages. What separates this approach from others is the fact that students are guided verbally and visually to obtain an orientation point. According to Davis (1997, 2003), people with reading problems read differently in the sense that they see things around them from different orientation points an attribute that stands them in good stead in the world of concrete images but lets them down when they have to interpret images that are one or two dimensional such as writing. Then they “disorientate”. He worked out how this disorientation could be stabilized when it for example comes to reading, and this forms the basis of his technique that he calls Orientation Counseling. As soon as a student has learned to stabilize his/her disorientation, multisensory techniques are used to further correct the reading problem. |
Page: 49-51 Sumitra Chahar (Department of Education, J.G. College of Education, Sirsa, Haryana) School rivalry is increasing day by day in India and is of growing concern for parents, teachers, and social thinkers. Bullying occurs at all age levels, but peaks in late childhood to middle adolescence, ages 9-15, and begins to decrease after these peak periods (Hazler, 1996). Common bullying activities that adolescents in are involved name-calling, teasing, taunting, ridiculing, obscene gestures, prejudice, threatening, hitting, kicking, rejection, or intentional expulsion from a group. The present paper reviews on various risk factors in the development of bullying behaviors among school children. |
Page: 52-55 Prerna (Department of Psychology University of Delhi, Arts Faculty University Enclave, Delhi) Globalization has empowered organizations to spread out. There have been cases where employees were aggressive towards each other. These aggressive tendencies have been referred to as workplace harassment. The different forms of workplace harassment can be easily found in literature, to name a few: discriminatory harassment, physical harassment, sexual harassment, mental harassment, and many more. Mental harassment is where the mental well-being of the employee gets impacted. It has been observed that these harassment actions have worse consequences on employees and organizations. The present paper would focus on mental harassment, its roots, and its impact on employees. Also would try to construct a systematic review and will present conclusions regarding techniques that can be used to combat mental harassment in the workplace. |
Page: 56-59 Sumitra Chahar (Department of Education, J.G. College of Education, Sirsa, Haryana) When one overviews the cases of childhood, adolescent or adult aggression, one common characteristic of the aggressive episode stands out, i.e., if aggressive behavior is manifested at an early stage, it is likely to persist and signal risk for delinquent behavior that continues through adulthood. Aggressive adolescents often become aggressive adults who, later on, serve as faulty parental models for their own children to follow. Thus, a vicious circle is formed that passes on from one generation to the other. Aggression is one of the areas where mixed findings on gender differences have been reported by researchers. The present paper explains the gender differences in aggression among youth. |
Page: 60-62 Vijender Pal Saini (HSB, GJUS & T, Hisar, Haryana) Globalisation and liberalization has opened new vistas in world trade. Post MFA textile industry in general and readymade garments industry in particular has seen unprecedented changes. This study is an attempt to understand global marketing of readymade garment products from India. Data have been collected from 74 exporters chosen randomly from NCR region using well structured questionnaire. An attempt has also been made to understand the global marketing of readymade garment products exported by small, medium and large scale RMG exporters from India. This study covers the four basic functions of marketing mix, i.e., product, price, place and promotion function simultaneously. |
Page: 63-68 Suresh Kumar Bhaker (Haryana School of Business, GJUS&T, Hisar, Haryana) Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) have rich history of social service of the underprivileged people since ancient period. The Non-Governmental Organizations have defined and classified by scholars in various terms. The relationship with Government has changed over a period of time. After the amendment of Company Act in 2013, the NGOs are leading towards Corporate Sector and helping them for fulfilling their Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). The Corporate Social Responsibility is a new phenomenon in India. This is a review paper based on secondary data. The paper highlights the changing role of NGOs from ancient times to new partnership with corporate Sector in CSR activities. |
Page: 69-71 Sajjan Kumar (Department of Psychology, Govt. College for Women Lakhanmajra, Rohtak, Haryana) Acts of aggression and violence are becoming all-pervasive in today's society. Violent video games, eve teasing, harassment, intimidation, robberies, and murders have become a regular feature of one's life today. What is shocking is that most of the violence/crime occurring these days is largely committed by adolescents and young adults. They are becoming increasingly aggressive, sensation seekers with poor impulse control. On the spur of acting out instantly, they tend to engage in many antisocial behaviors and activities, which further harms their future life. Drug abuse, risky driving, smoking, dating violence, dropping out of school, college, etc. are some of the major problems among adolescents, which have their roots in aggression. The present paper outlines various forms of adolescent aggression. |
Page: 72-74 Surender Kumar (Department of Psychology, Govt College, Hisar, Haryana) Parenting and child rearing had been one of the most important functions and occupations of adults till the middle of the twentieth century. There exist several altered family forms such as the single-parent family, one biological and one step-parent family, foster family, and so on. Research has shown that children living in these alternative families are at a greater risk of maladaptation and development of the disorder. With the emancipation of women, industrialization, urbanization, and increasing demands from women for work outside the home, parents are spending less and less time on parenting functions. Children are looked after in other settings such as crèches, nurseries, day schools, and by other adults like relatives, friends, neighbors, servants, and older siblings, and at times are even left alone. With little time at their disposal, parents now do not have much control over the varied environmental influences that impinge on the psyche of the child. Keeping this in mind, the present paper reviews on the role of the family in child and adolescent development. |
Page: 75-76 Dhyuti Sachdev (SPM College, University of Delhi, Delhi) Old people are the backbone of our society whose satisfaction with life at this phase appears to be the prime concern of psychologists. Keeping these notions, the present study is an attempt to explore the role of hearing potential towards satisfaction with life among geriatrics. A multigroup design was used. A purposive sample of 300 elderly, both male and female, aged 60 years and onwards, divided in to five groups (60 each) with various levels of hearing impairment was drawn from various private ENT clinics and residence from Delhi, India. Audiometer was used to assess their level of hearing impairment and standardized tool was used to measure their level of satisfaction with life. Descriptive statistics and one way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post hoc tests were computed. Results indicated that mild hearing loss has no adverse effect on life satisfaction of elderly, whereas adverse effect was visible from moderate level of impaired hearing which increased with the increase in the level of hearing loss, thereby indicating the importance of hearing in elderly's life. |
Page: 77-80 Rajesh Sachdev (Department of Statistics, Ram Lal Anand College, University of Delhi, New Delhi) Ritu Kaushik and Punam Midha (Department of Psychology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana) There is an innate desire among human beings to grow and flourish in life. Everybody aspires to lead a more fulfilling life. Now-a-days individuals especially youth simply aspire to flourish which may be caused by so many extrinsic and intrinsic factors. Quality of life(QoL) appears to be the prime intrinsic factor for determining their flourished life. With these speculations the current research is an attempt to explore QoL as a precursor of flourishing among youth. A purposive sample of 300 youth both male and female, postgraduates, within the age range of 21-25 years was selected from various departments of M.D. University, Rohtak (Haryana, India). Standardized tools were used to assess their QoL and flourishing. Descriptive statistics, correlational and regression analyses were computed to measure the levels of overall and health related QoL (overall & its various domains )and flourishing and find out the relationship as well as predicting power of various domains of health related QoL with respect to flourishing. The findings revealed the high level of flourishing along with the best social health related QoL followed by psychological, physical and environmental health related QoL. Correlational analysis indicated the maximum high level of relationship of psychological health related QoL followed by physical, environmental and social health related QoL with flourishing. Regression analysis revealed psychological health related QoL emerged as the robust predictor followed by physical and social health related QoL as predictors (though weak) of flourishing among youth. The current findings highlighted that psycho-biosocial health related QoL served as the major resource of flourishing among Indian youth. |
Page: 81-85 Nitika Rani (Department of English, Government College, Hisar, Haryana) The authoritative manly convictions have influenced women to endure a great deal as they were denied to meet open doors in various parts of the world. Women' instruction in modern India has additionally been a noteworthy discussion for both the administration and the common society as taught women can assume a very momentous job in the advancement of the nation. The ascent of women's activists' contemplations has, in any case, prompted the enormous enhancement in the women' condition all through the world in present day times. Access to training has been a standout amongst the direst requests of these women' rights developments. The women instruction not just aides the advancement of half of the population, yet in addition enhances the quality of life at home and outside. Taught women can have the ability to advance the instruction of their young woman kids and to give a guided direction to self and society. |
Page: 320-328 L.S. Aaseesh, Neha Sayeed, and C.R.J. Khess (Department of Clinical Psychology, Central Institute of Psychiatry, Ranchi, Jharkhand) Empirical studies have shown that, chronic alcohol dependence is a constant relapsing medical condition besides its psychological and social consequences, and essentially a brain disorder. It's a chronic disorder, which implies cognitive impairments disturbing various neuro-psychological functions. Researches confirm that people with chronic alcohol dependence have a high rate of cognitive impairments, especially deficits in executive functions. Many innovative computer-based interventions for psychiatric disorders have been developed especially for cognitive remediation. In recent times much interest has been focused on using Posit Science Brain training exercises which is based on the theory of neuroplasticity for enhancement of executive functions. This method emphasizes generalization or extension of benefits beyond the trained task. The global changes in cognitive functions are to improve the quality of life. The current study examined this novel computerized intervention to determine its effect on executive functions of patients with chronic alcohol dependence. After the detoxification phase, patients were assigned to cognitive training group (experimental group) and in treatment as usual group (control group). The pre- post evaluation results were also noted. The statistical analysis of this study indicated significant improvement in cognitive functioning and all domains of quality of life. No significant difference was found for the control group. |
Page: 329-332 Sanjay Nawale (Department of Psychology, Arts and Commerce College, Belapur, Ahmednagar, Maharashtra) V. R. Shinde (Department of Psychology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra) Shivanand Thorat (Department of Psychology, Symbiosis College of Arts and Commerce, Pune, Department of Psychology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Arts, Commerce and Science College, Akurdi, Pune, Maharashtra) Performance of any organization is determined by quality of the human resource, which plays the vital role in using the available resources and to construct further building blocks of the organization. Administration is the key aspect in the process of development of any organization. Successful administrators or executives acts as both an artist and a scientist. The present study was planned to explore into the impact and prediction possibilities that subjective well-being and good interpersonal relationships can have on contextual and task performance of public and private sector executives. Total 400 participants, 200 from public sector (comprising 100 males & 100 females), and 200 from private sector (comprising 100 males & 100 females) were selected with convenient sampling. The tools used in this research were Subjective Well-being Inventory (SUBI) (Sell & Nagpal, 1992); Fundamental Interpersonal Relations Orientation-Behavior (FIRO-B) (Schutz, 1977); Contextual Performance Scale and Task Performance Scale (Motowidlo & Scotter, 1994). Correlation and regression analyses were performed on the data and the results revealed that subjective well-being was positively correlated with interpersonal relationships (.332,p< .01), and with contextual performance (.650, p< .01). Interpersonal relationship was positively correlated with contextual performance (.260, p< .01). Subjective well-beingwas found to be significant predictor of interpersonal relationships (Adjusted R2 = .108) and contextual performance (Adjusted R2 = .421). Interpersonal relationship was found to be significant predictor of contextual performance (Adjusted R2= .065). |
Page: 333-340 Mishie Singhal and Jagrika Bajaj (Department of Psychology, Christ University, Bangalore, Karnataka) Harishankar Moosath (Consultant Clinical Psychologist, Department of Psychology, The present study focused on exploring the differences in the concepts of work-life balance, perceived social support, loyalty and subsequent burnout in groups of individuals in organization particularly the IT sector. The study aimed to understand and contrast millennials and Generation X working individuals. For the study, 75 Participants (34- Generation X & 41- Millennials) using convenient sampling were selected. A survey comprising of three standardized scales assessing perceived social support (Interpersonal Support Evaluation List- Cohen, Mermelstein, Kamarck, & Hoberman, 1985), work-life balance (Work-life balance Scale- Pareek & Purohit, 2010) and burnout (Copenhagen Burnout Inventory-Kristensen et al. 2005) was administered and then was followed by a semi-structured interview examining their professional trajectories. Subsequently, these concepts from the individual's perspective were explored. The data collected were transcribed and analysed using thematic analysis with relevant statistical techniques. This study allows us to examine how these concepts may serve different functions in a multitude of contexts particularly in the Indian context which is collective yet individualistic. |
Page: 341-343 Nalini Malhotra and Kuldeep Singh (Department of Psychology, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab) Emotion is a genuine and crucial component of work in every day's life. The appropriate use of emotional intelligence in the workplace is considered as an influential factor in organizational effectiveness. Policing is one of the few professionals that are responsible for maintaining of law and order. The success of Police organization depends to a large extent on Police Personnel's emotional characteristics and well-being. Policing requires the applications of psychological principles, viz., mastering of emotion and emotional intellectual ability in dealing with the members of public. Investigating the Psychological General Well-Being of Police Personnel is worth studying, not only to understand "optimal functioning", but also to foster the Police Personnel entire physical & mental health. The present study attempts to investigate the Psychological General Well-Being of Police Personnel in relation with Emotional Intelligence. It was hypothesized that Emotional Intelligence would be positively correlated with the Psychological General Well-Being of Police Personnel. The sample comprised 114 Police Personnel drawn from Punjab Police Academy, Phillaur, Punjab. The standardized tools selected for the study included Psychological General Well-Being scale (Dupuy, 2003) and Emotional Intelligence Scale (Hyde, Pethe, & Dhar, 2002). The result revealed that the Emotional Intelligence was found to be significantly and positively correlated with the Psychological General Well-Being of Police Personnel. Regression Analysis reveals that Emotional Intelligence accounted for 47% of variance in Psychological general well-being of Police personnel. Further, implications for present study were discussed focusing on the need of emotional intelligence training programs in future for Police Personnel. |
Page: 344-349 Damanjit Sandhu and Kirandeep Kaur (Department of Psychology, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab) Dimpy Mahanta (Department of Psychology, Cotton University, Guwahati, Assam) Child sexual abuse (CSA) is documented to negatively affecting the quality of children's attachment representations, thus the current study aimed to study the association of sexual abuse experiences among children with attachment with parents (father & mother) and peers and the difference between sexual abuse victims and the controls in their attachment quality with parents (father & mother) and peers. The sample for the present research comprised of 550 early adolescents (275 males & 275 females) of age ranging from12 to 15 years randomly selected from various schools nearby different tea estates of Assam majorly catering to the children of tea garden workers. Children coming from various tea gardens constituted the sample for the present study. The participant adolescents were screened for having sexual abuse experiences to obtain a sample of 53 adolescents (19 males & 34 females) having a history of sexual abuse with the help of Childhood Trauma Questionnaire by Berstein and Fink (1998). An equal number (19 males & 34 females) were selected in the control group matched on significant aspects like age, sex, socio-economic status, parental education etc. An attachment measure, viz., Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment-Revised (IPPA-R) by Gullone and Robinson (2005) was administered to the sample to study their attachment quality with their parents and peers. Pearson Product Moment Correlation and t-test were used to analyze the data. Findings revealed that sexual abuse experiences are negatively associated with various dimensions of parent and peer attachment among children and that there exists significant difference in the sexual abuse victims and the controls in their attachment quality with parents (father & mother) and peers. Children in the sexual abuse victims group (SA) exhibited lower quality parent (father & mother) and peer attachment relationships than children in the control group. It can be concluded from the results of this study that child sexual abuse is associated with problems in children's emotional development, particularly increased insecurity of attachment. |
Page: 350-352 Shipra Mishra (Department of Law, IIL College, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh) "While there is no rose but has a thorn, if what you hold is all thorn and no rose, better to throw it away." |
Page: 353-357 Suruchi Ahlawat and Sarvdeep Kohli (Department of Psychology, M.D. University, Rohtak, Haryana) Is there a relationship between creativity and intelligence? It is a long-standing and mostly unresolved question, which researchers keep asking time and again. Some research has displayed that they are independent of each other, whereas others have displayed relationship among these variables. There is a requirement of quantitative research for a better understanding of creativity and intelligence relationship to make sense of these contrary pieces of evidence. The present study investigates the relationship between creativity and intelligence. For this purpose, a sample of 120 subjects (60 males & 60 female) were selected from the age of 12 to 14 years from grade 7th, 8th, and 9th. For evaluating creativity 'Non-verbal test of creative thinking by Mehdi was used, and intelligence was measured by the Culture Fair Test by Cattell and Cattell. The results revealed a positive correlation between creativity and intelligence. The study also tried to find out gender differences in creativity. The results revealed that there are no gender differences in creativity. |