IAHRW International Journal of Social Sciences Review
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Page: 358-362 Charnpreet Kaur and Rita Arora (Department of Education, Jaipur National University, Jaipur, Rajasthan) The present investigation is an effort to examine the “Effect of Family Environment on Aggression of Adolescent Students of Sirsa District”. It is based on the specific objectives that to study the level of family environment, the relationship between family environment and aggression and the effect of family environment on aggression of adolescent students of Sirsa district. The size is sample is 400, adolescent students 200 boys and 200 girls district Sirsa, Haryana. A standardised scale of family environment by Bhatia and Chadha has been used to measure the level of family environment of adolescents. A self-constructed and standardized aggression scale was used to study the expression of aggression of adolescents. The data was analyzed using frequencies, percentage, correlation and regression. The findings revealed that the adolescent of Sirsa district had average level in most of the family environment dimensions. Aggression had positive and significant coorelation with family environment. |
Page: 363-365 Parmod Kumar (Department of Commerce, Shri Jagdishprasad Jhabarmal Tibrewala University, Jhunjhunu, Rajasthan) The furtherance of technology and progress in agriculture has empowered our country to furnish food security. But this technology negative effect also. That types of technology imbalanced our ecosystem. Under such status, dangerous earthly concerns have been verbalized regarding the use of heavy chemicals, pesticides and fertilizers in agriculture in footing of their negative effect on the human health and the environment. The chance of 'Organic Agriculture' is the only solution to nurture the land and to reproduce the soil by going back to our traditional method of farming, i.e., free from chemicals, pesticides and fertilizers. This is a potential step for sustainable development by adopting not to use chemicals, synthetic materials, pesticides and generate hormones to produce high nutritional quality food and in appropriate quantity. This article provides an overview of organic agriculture in India. |
Page: 366-369 Rabiya Fatima and Manglesh Kumar Manglam (Department of Psychological Sciences, Central University of South Bihar, Gaya, Bihar) Postpartum depression (PPD) is a major depression with a postpartum onset. Various reasons, such as lack of support from the husband or the family, type of family, sex of the baby, past experiences, and many more, can lead to the onset of postpartum depression in a female. The aim of the present study was to assess postpartum depression and its possible risk factors among females. The sample consisted of 100 postpartum females. The sample was selected by purposive sampling method from different nursing homes in Patna. Women with age ranging from 20 to 45 years were recruited as the sample of the study. After obtaining an informed consent, details of socio-demographic variables and risk factor related variables were gathered on interview with the postpartum females and postpartum depression was assessed using Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. The result revealed that 58% of the females were suffering from postpartum depression. Possible risk factors identified in the study were mode of delivery, breast feeding problems, sleep disturbances, appetite disturbances, and mood swings during pregnancy. Age during first pregnancy was significantly negatively correlated with postpartum depression score. |
Page: 370-373 Shweta Negi and Roopali Sharma (Amity Institute of Psychology and Allied Sciences, AUUP, Noida, Uttar Pradesh) Suicidal ideation are the thoughts which effects the well-being of an individual. Suicide is an act where a person harm oneself in complete awareness and it can also leads to death of a person. One of the most common reason of self - harm is hopelessness. There are wide range of factors found to be responsible for suicide ideation among high school children starting from low self-esteem, teasing, bullying, low grades and existence of other psychopathology. This study was done to determine, whether Healthy emotional Expression is an Intervention for suicide ideation among school students. 55 Review of Literature suggests varied intervention of suicide ideation, written exposure, disclosure, music therapy, Writing emotions or Catharsis, promotion of group support, relaxation and mindfulness based meditation are one of the effective ways to deal with high school students having suicidal ideation. |
Page: 374-379 Ashis Roy (Centre of Psychotherapy & Clinical Research, School of Human Studies, Ambedkar University Delhi, Delhi) In the Indian context, the question of female sexuality, subjectivity, desire and sexual abuse have been studied by psychologists and feminists. A large number of female patients who come for psychotherapy, report experiences of sexual abuse during their developmental years. For many of them to recognise being abused is a long process. Often this process is lonely. The defense mechanism of dissociation, which involves a simultaneous existence in a state of awareness and non awareness, governs their subjective experience and dissociation is also used in their familial environment. In the development of women who have faced sexual abuse, the process of recognition of being abused takes long and has a severe impact on the identity of the victim, in the spheres of comfort with emotional and sexual intimacy, in their capacity to trust relationships and in their ability to differentiate between sexual desire and their experience of abuse. In patriarchal familial systems, the acknowledgment of the experience of abuse is filled with shame and guilt. The sexual abuse of the female child also gets tied with the family's shame and honor. The silence and shame around sexual abuse adds to the experience of being unwanted that the girl child faces in Indian society. Psychotherapy often becomes the context where women are able to revisit and speak about their experience of abuse in a safe environment. This paper captures the experience of a victim of abuse and the confusing relationship that she has to navigate between her sexual abuse, her sexual desire, and familial honor. The paper has been written in a narrative form to preserve the experiential content. |
Page: 380-382 Sanjay Nawale (Department of Psychology, Arts and Commerce College, Belapur, Ahmednagar, Maharashtra) V. R. Shinde (Department of Psychology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra) Subjective well being is very important aspect of life as it is determined by many situational and individualistic factors, and extent of SWB also impacts overall psychological and physical health of a person. Workplace is an important area in person's life, and specifically into it, type of sector, that is public or private sector has its own scope and limitations. The study aimed at measuring the SWB among the public sector and private sector executives. Study also aimed to see the comparison of SWB among males and females. Total 400 participants, 200 from public sector (including 100 male & 100 female), and 200 from private sector, included in study with convenient sampling. Assessment of SWB was done with inventory by Sell and Nagpal that is Subjective Well-being Inventory (SUBI). Results indicated that SWB was significantly higher in Public Sector Executives than Private Sector Executives. SWB was higher in Males than Females irrespective of the sector they are working. SWB does not differ significantly among males and females of Public sector and Private Sector when the gender comparison done for specific public and private sector. |
Page: 383-385 Priyanka and Rajbir Singh (Department of Psychology, Maharishi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana) In the recent world of competition, depression is a major psychiatric illness that effects the children, adults as well as elderly people. The core feature of depression is negative thoughts which in turn give the feelings of helplessness, hopelessness and worthlessness. And these feelings associated with suicidal ideations, in the severe phase depression is the leading cause of suicide. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT) is an old psychological treatment for depression that dealt with negative automatic thoughts and the schemas of the patient to reduce the depression and to prevent relapse. Antidepressants also use to treat the depression, they also have the promising results. The present study is an attempt to compare the CBT along with pharmacotherapy and pharmacotherapy alone to treat the depression. For the purpose 30 patients with moderate depression were registered, severity level was assessed by using Beck Depression Inventory-II and then they randomly divided in to two groups, one group received CBT along with psychotherapy and the other group received only pharmacotherapy. Data was analysed by using t-test. The results showed that the CBT along with psychotherapy is more effective to treat depression than pharmacotherapy alone. |
Page: 386-388 Ankita Singh (Department of Psychology, MJRP University, Jaipur, Rajasthan) This study examined mental health of male-female doctors in Jaipur. Doctors (n=200) were tested on various factors of mental health. It was predicted that there'll be a significant of mental health on job satisfaction of male-female doctors. Employee's Mental Health Inventory by Gupta & Kumar was used to collect primary data. Sample size was 200. Doctors were tested on various parameters of Mental Health (1) Regular Life (2) Adjustment (3) Emotional Maturity (4) Self-Evaluation (5) Self-Concept (6) Physical Health (7) Satisfaction (8) Clear-Cut Philosophy of Life. (9) Anxietylessness (10) Conflictlessness. There'll be significant difference found between mental health of male & female doctors. |
Page: 389-391 Neha Benada and Rashmi Chowdhry (Department of Psychology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan) Suicidal ideations are seen as complex patterns of suicidal behaviour requiring more attention through research for better level of understanding, prediction and prevention. The choice of coping strategies appears to have significant link with suicidal behaviour, as the use of effective coping strategies was found to decrease the incidence of suicidal behaviour. The objective of the study is to find out the relationship between suicidal ideation and coping strategies. For this purpose, a sample of 50 males was selected in the age range of 18-29 years. The tools used for the purpose were suicidal ideation scale by Sisodia and Bhatnagar and Coping Strategies Scale by Srivastava. The data was analyzed through pearson's Product Moment Correlation. The result of the study reveals that Coping strategy is found to be negatively correlated with suicidal ideation. |
Page: 392-398 Damanjit Sandhu and Kirandeep Kaur (Department of Psychology, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab) Dimpy Mahanta (Department of Psychology, Cotton University, Guwahati, Assam) Child sexual abuse is a significant global issue. Research supports strong association between sexual abuse among children and poor mental health. Considering the Chronicity of sexual abuse among children in the North-Eastern parts of India and its deleterious impact on their mental health, it is important to study this issue among the North-Eastern children. Thus, the current study aimed at studying the association of sexual abuse experiences among children with various mental health difficulties. The difference in the mental health of children with sexual abuse experiences and the controls (children with no sexual abuse experiences) was also studied. The sample for the present research comprised of 550 early adolescents (275 males & 275 females) of age ranging from12 to 15 years randomly selected from various schools nearby different tea estates of Assam majorly catering to the children of tea garden workers. Children coming from various tea gardens constituted the sample for the present study. The participant adolescents were screened for having sexual abuse experiences to obtain a sample of 42 adolescents (13 males & 29 females) having a history of sexual abuse with the help of Childhood Trauma Questionnaire by Berstein and Fink (1998). An equal number (13 males & 29 females) were selected in the control group matched on significant aspects like age, sex, socio-economic status, parental education etc. A measure of mental health difficulties viz. The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) by Goodman (2005) was administered to the sample to study their mental health. Pearson Product Moment Correlation and t-test were used to analyze the data. Findings revealed that sexual abuse experiences are positively associated with various mental health difficulties and that there exists a significant difference in the sexual abuse victims and the controls in terms of various mental health difficulties. Children in the sexual abuse victims group (SA) exhibited higher emotional problems, conduct problems and peer problems than children in the control group. It can be concluded from the results of this study that child sexual abuse is associated with problems in children's psychosocial development, particularly increased mental health difficulties. |
Page: 399-402 Lovleena Sharma, Divyangana Yadav, and Manpreet Ola (Amity Institute of Clinical Psychology, Amity University, Gurugram, Haryana) People all over the world have an access to internet connection, with a growing competition between internet service providers and telecom companies , speed and plans provided by various companies promise greater internet speed at lowest possible cost. Although on the face of it such easy access seems to be a great option to enhance knowledge and gather information but unfortunately the use of internet is not confined to only these aspects. With a growing emphasis on technological development, the concept of internet use has been revolutionized. Every small bit of information is verified with the help of internet and such trends have created a strong dependency on internet among all the generations. Increased dependency on internet has been transforming into internet addiction which is difficult to cope with. The aim of this paper is to throw a deeper light on patterns and characteristics of internet addiction and how it came to be recognized under a broader category of 'disorders'. |
Page: 403-410 O.P. Sharma (Department of Psychology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan) Vismita Paliwal (Department of Psychology, NIMS University, Jaipur, Rajasthan) Mangi Lal Teachers, their well-being, their professionalism and their professional development are critical in any discussion as to how to improve educational performance. The purpose of the study was to analyze the effect of rural and urban background and gender on the level of psychological well-being and self-efficacy among teachers of Rajasthan. Sample of 300 teachers was selected among which 150 were rural and 150 were urban areas of Rajasthan. Among both rural and urban teachers 75 were male and 75 female. The age range of the teachers was 25-45 years. Ryff's psychological well-being scales (PWB) (Ryff, 1989) and Teacher Self-efficacy Scale (Bandura, 1977) were conducted on the sample selected. Scoring of response sheets was done by the investigator himself according to the scoring keys given in the manuals of three tests. For the determination of significance of mean differences the student's “t” test were applied between the gender (male & female) and location (rural & urban) of the schools. It was found that the Level of Positive relations, self acceptance and total psychological well being were found significantly more on male teachers of rural area than female teachers of rural area. It was also indicated that female teachers of urban area were found to have more level of Environmental Mastery, positive relations, self acceptance, purpose in life, personal growth dimensions of psychological well being scale, and total psychological well being than male teachers of urban area. The urban teachers had significantly high Personal Growth dimension of psychological well being than rural teachers. The limitations and implications of the study were stated. |
Page: 411-413 Gurwinder Singh (Department of Education and Community Service, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab) In this paper growth and development of different schemes about universalization of Elementary Education. In 2000 all over the world Education For All concept and directions by the UNICEF to all developing countries for 100% enrolment at the primary level. In this context in India different policies and planning's trigger on by central government through different plans and programmes. Major shift through Right To Education-2009 for universalization of elementary education with special reference enrolment, equity, quality and effectiveness. In this paper evaluation of different planning elementary education spread in different section of society such as socio-economically backward sections, girls, minorities and other oppressed are evaluated and concluded that attempts has positive impact on universalization elementary education. |
Page: 414-416 Anjali Singh and Sunita Kumari (Department of Psychology, Shri Varshney College, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh) The present research was undertaken to examine a comparative study of personal stress among employed and unemployed graduates. The sample comprised of two hundred graduates in which one hundred employed and one hundred unemployed at Aligarh district. The data was collected from the help of personal stress source inventory (PSSI) developed by Singh, Singh, and Singh. The data was analyzed using mean, SD and t-test. The finding of the present study revealed that significant difference between employed graduates and unemployed graduates. On personal stress source inventory unemployed graduates have higher level of stress than employed graduates. |
Page: 417-421 Sunil Kumar (Department of Geography, University College, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana) Artificial water supply to the crops to meet the soil moisture deficit is a key factor to increase the cropping intensity and to transform the existing cropping pattern. In fact, irrigation not only accelerates the number of crops in a field but also replaces the rain fed subsistence crops to water intensive commercial crops. Double cropping or cultivation of same piece of land e than once in an agricultural year was almost impossible before the introduction of canal irrigation in arid and semi-arid tracts of IGC Command Area. Principal rainfed crops like bajra, guar and gram are largely replaced by cotton, wheat and groundnut. |
Page: 422-424 Gurwinder Singh and Manjinder Kaur (Department of Education and Community Service, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab) In this paper, an attempt has made to study of perception of teachers towards achieving the goals of Sarv Shiksha Abhyan at Primary and Upper Primary Level. Keeping in view the nature of the study, the investigator developed and standardized the perception scale. For the present study, purposive sampling has been done and 50 teachers were selected. After analysis of the data, it was found that special attention needs to be taken on building new classrooms, availability of appropriate furniture, a check on the expenditure of mid-day meal, separate toilets for boys and girls. Also it has been found that mid-day meal has a positive effect on the enrolment and regularity of students. |
Page: 425-428 Neetu and Priyadarshini Purohit (Department of Political Science and Public Administration, Banasthali Vidyapith, Rajasthan) Constitution of India provides equal status to both women and men, it provides special provisions to empower females because of their secondary status in society. They are discriminated against in all walks of life, it is assumed that women are inferior and they have no such talent which is required in decision-making in every field, but this is not a reality. Women and men both are born with the same talent but women are considered inferior in society. Their participation is very significant in decision making process not only for their empowerment but also to make democratic governance efficacious. To empower women 73rd Constitutional Amendment was passed in 1992, which provides 33% reservation to women at grass root level. This Amendment was a historic step in the path of women empowerment, it gives them opportunity to influence decision-making process. Women's access into PRIs has pushed them into decision-making process both as member as well as heads of panchayats in a vastmanner by this act. This has changed their lives in a tremendous manner, they have changed from a “household women” to "political women”. A huge number of women have come forward to actively participate at grass root level in decision making process. Before this their picture was limited only 2 to 3 percent. Women have empowered by Panchayati Raj Institutions but still they have to cover a long path of their journey to achieve the goal of empowerment in actual sense.
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Page: 429-431 Dineshwar Roy (Department of Psychology, Samastipur College Samastipur, Bihar) The purpose of the present study was to find out the effect of education level of couples on marital happiness and adjustment. As the educational level increased, the marital happiness also increased. Study also proved that higher the educational level, greater the mean score of marital adjustment. The study demonstrated that the educational level influences the marital adjustment and marital happiness of couples. Educational levels of partners, was independent variables and marital adjustment and marital happiness were dependent variables. To measures these variables, Kumar and Rohatagi (1999) Marital Adjustment questionnaire and Azrin, Nester, and Jones (1973) Marital Happiness scale were used. Besides these scales /inventory, a. short questionnaire related to respondents' background variables was also used. In the first part of the analysis, Mean, Mdns, S.Ds., Skewness, Reliability of the used inventory/scale were computed. Inter as well as intra correlation of the obtained scores was also computed. |
Page: 432-440 Uparikar D. Premkant and Singh R. Amool (Department of Clinical Psychology, Ranchi Institute of Neuro-Psychiatry and Allied Sciences, Kanke, Ranchi, Jharkhand) Traditional RPT believed that thoughts and beliefs lie inside the returned of feelings and movements. This remedy is not working at a deeper stage of thoughts at the mind. In opposite to this, the Mindfulness based therapeutic techniques are targeted at non-judgemental mindset of thoughts. Fourteen individuals diagnosed with ADS were taken from IPD of RINPAS, Kanke, Ranchi. Amongst these, seven individuals were randomly distributed in experimental group (MBBRPT group) and control group (TAU group). Nature of the sample was purposive sampling. Outcome variables were measured by four scales, i.e., WCST, DERS, SOCRATES, and PGWBS. MBBRPT group was provided with the MBBRP therapy program. Therapeutic program consisted of approximately 16 sessions or as per as requirement. Pre to post treatment improvements were found on cognitive functioning's, emotion regulation, motivation for change, and psychological general well-being measures. Significantly reduced emotion dysregulation, and upgradation in cognitive skills and, quality of life was also evident over time from pre to follow. Present study suggests that mindfulness breathing helps peoples with alcohol dependence on developing higher emotional regulatory competencies to prevent relapse by developing better cognitive and emotional regulatory skills. |
Page: 441-444 Pratibha Kapahi (Department of Psychology, Model Inter +2 School, Samastipur, Bihar) The study was conducted to assess the effect of level of internet addiction (H-L) and level of aspirations educational aspiration (H-L) and occupational aspirations (H-L) on academic achievement/ performance of adolescents.100 adolescents (50 Boys & 50 Girls ) were involved in the study. The Educational aspiration Scale (Saxena's, 1984) and Occupational aspiration Scale (Grewal,1975) and the Internet Addiction questionnaire (Kimberly Young, 1992) were taken and considered as independent variables and academic achievement of adolescents were considered as dependent variables in the present study. For assess the Academic Achievement marks secured by the students in their last consecutive examination of 10+2 were used. High scores on Educational aspiration and Occupational aspiration shows that adolescent were high aspirant toward their educational as well as occupational choices and vice-versa also Educational and Occupational aspiration has a positive and contributory effect on the Academic achievement of adolescents. Results also revealed that High scores on the Internet Addiction shows poor academic achievement of adolescents. The obtained data were analyzed with Mean, SDs, SEM, and mean difference were computed by computing t-test. |
Page: 445-449 Ritu Bala and Balwinder Kaur Lamba (Department of Social Work, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab) Reproductive rights are a subcategory of human rights with the main aim of providing better autonomy to the parents with regards to the number and the spacing of their children. The issues of reproductive rights have been in controversy since long. India being a patriarchal society has various limitations especially with the issues like autonomy of women, maternal health, etc. However, reproductive health aspects have evolved with sexual health aspects of women over last two decades. The present study has been designed to study women's autonomy regard to reproductive rights in rural areas of Punjab and has been carried out in district Patiala. District Patiala is divided into ten health blocks- four health blocks are urban and six health blocks are rural. As the present study deals with rural women so sample was collected from rural health blocks only. Multi-stage sampling method was used to draw the sample. In all, thirty villages were covered under the study. In the second stage of the sampling, ten pregnant women from each selected village were chosen purposively to meet the objectives of the study making the sample size of 300 pregnant women. Tool used for collecting data was self designed interview schedule. The findings of the study highlight lack of autonomy in utilizing reproductive rights among rural women of Punjab. |
Page: 450-453 Sonali Walia, Atreyo Mondal, and P.R. Mondal (Department of Anthropology, University of Delhi, Delhi) Women's reproductive health is a sensitive indicator of the health of a society. Reproductive health of women includes the menarche, age at marriage, still birth, abortions and mortality. Women's reproductive health has been the centre of attention in various conferences where stress is laid on population control, women empowerment, gender equality, mother and child health etc. The objective of this study is to evaluate the demographic profile of women (age, sex, occupation, & education). To perceive the reproductive profile (age at menarche, age at marriage ,still births, neonatal death, & mortality). A cross-sectional study was performed on women aged 15-55 years of Todapur-Dasghara. A data of 900 was collected using interview schedule. The results showed that the mean age at menarche is 13.99 years. It was observed that 59.7% of the women got married before 18 years of age. The median age at first marriage is 18.72 years. Abortions and Neonatal deaths reported were less. The crude death rate is 7.26.The infant mortality rate is 26.6 per 1000 live births. It may be concluded that every married women of Todapur-Dasghara is less educated with a lower mean age at marriage. Infant mortality is low but overall mortality is high. |
Page: 454-458 Shaikai and S.Y. Swadi (Department of Social Work, Karnatak University, Dharwad, Karnatak) This study investigates whether there is a set of universal senior management competencies in the context of one large multi-site service organization. Four distinct work environments are identified and different lists of competencies are perceived to be important by managers working at the same grade (unit general manager or equivalent) in each of these environments. These findings are considered within the context of the debate about the utility of competency lists for management development. |
Page: 459-463 Sarathi Hembram (Psychiatric Social Worker, Mental Health Institute, Center of Excellence Negative stereotypes and stigmatizing attitudes against mentally ill persons have powerful historical roots in many cultures. The common perception of these persons, who are unable to defend their rights, is that they are dangerous, violent and unpredictable (Arboreda-Florez & Sartorius, 2008). The present study aimed to find out attitudes towards mental illness among tribal and non-tribal population: a comparative study paper presents a preliminary investigation regarding the public perceptions and attitudes about mental illness using an adapted version of the Opinions about Mental Illness Scale (Cohen & Struening, 1962). The participants were 200 (100 tribal participants with having mental ill patient & 100 non tribal participants with having mental ill patient) and the following five attitudinal dimensions were investigated: Authoritarianism (the opinion that people with a mental illness cannot be held accountable for their acts & they should be controlled by society), benevolence (an attitude that could be placed between tolerance & pity/compassion), mental hygiene ideology (the opinion that mental illness is similar to other illnesses & it should be treated adequately by specialists), social restrictiveness (the opinion that mentally ill persons should be restricted in some social domains), and interpersonal a etiology (the belief that the real cause of a mental illness are the problematic interpersonal relations). Majority of the participants were from rural, of whom 166 (83%) were male and 34 (17%) were female with regards to OMI scale the item, viz ., 'the law should a women to divorce her husband as soon as he has been confined in mental hospital with severe mental illness' both the groups tribal with patient 52% and 56% non tribal with patient were neutral (significant at 0.024, p<0.05). Overall no significant level of difference revealed among tribal with patient and non tribal with patient with regards to attitude towards mental illness. Knowledge of mental illness among the general public was quite poor and suggests the need for strong emphasis on public education to increase mental health literacy among general public to increase awareness and positive attitude of people towards mental illness. |
Page: 464-470 Ritu Sharma (Department of Psychology, Aditi Mahavidyalya, University of Delhi, Delhi) Older people 65+ constitute 4.8% of total population being characterized by frailty, socio-economic dependence, widowhood, abuse, poverty, loneliness, depression and chronic ailments. Changing family structure has become challenge. This study is to explore relation among functional status, psychological health and social support to improve QOL of community dwelling older people. In this cross-sectional study, random sample of 1016 senior citizens of all socio-economic status were collected from Delhi (India). The quantitative assessment was done on indicators of functional status, physical activity, stress and quality of life by using scales of ADL, IADL, MMSI, GDS, QOL, LTA, and social support. Older people (80+) were significantly different on ADL, IADL, QOL GDS at p<0.05. Living arrangement, education and SES affect IADL and QOL, and LTA (p<0.05). Regression analysis showed significant relation of IADL with age, education, depression, economic independence, social activities, social support and depression. Modifiable variables such as age, education, living arrangement, marital status and socio-economic status affect the functional status. Deterioration in health with age and dependence arise the need for long term care service in community. Independence in IADL, LTA and social support can improve the quality of life of senior citizens. Maintenance of good health can help in dealing with abuse and improve QOL. In the absence of family support of caregiver burnout, a community based long term care system can be a solution to support community dwelling older people also deal with problems of caregiver stress, ADL, IADL. |