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Pages: 134-137
Samira Syal (Teach for India Fellow, Chennai)
D. Barani Ganth (Department of Applied Psychology, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry)

This study was done keeping in mind the high prevalence of turnover in organisations in the service sector. Explanations as to why people engage in frequent shifts in their career and whether psychological contract theory could explain the high prevalence rate of attrition was aimed for in the study. This study aimed at determining the relationship between psychological contract and organisational climate and work experience within the organisation. The study involved a sample of 70 individuals all employed in different organisation belonging to the service sector. The participants were asked to fill Psychological Contract Inventory (Rousseau, 2000) and Perceived Organisational Climate (Singh, 1986). It was found that psychological contract is significantly related to the perception of organisational climate and the experience within the organisation. It was also found that psychological contract significantly predicts the perception of organisational climate. In addition the relational psychological contract is the major contributor to perceived organisational climate. When the predominant contract types were ascertained, it was found that a predominant relational contract is significantly related to perceived organisational climate.

Pages: 134-137Samira Syal (Teach for India Fellow, Chennai)D. Barani Ganth (Department of Applied Psychology, Pondicherry…

Pages: 130-133
Shaigan Amin and Khushgeet Kaur (Department of Education & Community Service, Punjabi University, Patiala )

The study focused on exploring internet addiction among university students and its relation to academic performance. The data were collected from 210 Punjabi University, Patiala students through Young's Internet Addiction Test (IAT). The results of correlation analysis revealed negative relationship between internet addiction and academic performance of university students, though not significantly so. The result of the study revealed significant gender differences in internet addiction among university students. Further, male university students were found to be significantly more addicted to the use of internet than their female counterparts. On the contrary, no significant differences were found in internet addiction among university students in relation to locale and subject stream. Internet addiction was found to have a significant negative impact on academic performance of adolescents. Further, perceived behaviour control emerged as the most significant predictor of academic performance of the university students. These results of the study have implications for counsellors, teachers and parents.

Pages: 130-133Shaigan Amin and Khushgeet Kaur (Department of Education & Community Service, Punjabi University, Patiala…

Pages: 126-129
Krishna Prasad Gogoi (Department of Education, Dibrugarh University, Assam)

This study aims to investigate the relationships that exist among academic achievement motivation with 3 relevant factors Gender, Socio- Economic Status and Family Relationship Pattern. The study was carried out on 100 randomly sampled high school students (Boys=50; Girls=50) of government schools of Dibrugarh, Assam. It was hypothesized that 1) there is a difference between student's gender and academic achievement motivation 2) there is a difference between students' Socio-Economic Status and academic achievement motivation 3) there is a correlation between the students' family relationship pattern and their academic achievement motivation. Academic Achievement Motivation Test by Dr. T.R Sharma was used to study the level of motivation in the sample. Their socio-economic status was decided by employing the Socio- Economic Status Scale by Bharadwaj. The Family Relationship Inventory by Dr. (Mrs.) G.P. Sherry and Dr. J.C Sinha was used to study the pattern of interactions that existed between the parents and the sample. The result indicated moderate differences in students' gender and their academic achievement motivation. Academic Achievement Motivation varied moderately with the students' socio-economic status. Though a positive correlation existed between upper and middle socio-economic status and high academic achievement motivation, low socio-economic status did not indicate significantly low academic achievement motivation. Significant positive correlations (low to moderate) were seen between parental acceptance and student's academic achievement motivation whereas for concentration no significant correlation was noted. A negative correlation was noted between parental avoidance and academic achievement motivation

Pages: 126-129Krishna Prasad Gogoi (Department of Education, Dibrugarh University, Assam)

Pages: 117-121
K. Kumar (Center for Improving Relationship and Personal Effectiveness, Puducherry)
S. Kadhiravan (Department of Psychology, Periyar University, Salem, Tamilnadu)

The educational institutions, parents, and students themselves are very much concerned about their academic performance. High academic demand may have serious negative consequences. Some students find it more difficult to cope with such demand than others do, which leads to unpleasant consequences such as dropout, even suicide etc. A number of studies and laboratory experiments have confirmed that when stress exceeds individuals' optimum level, performance decreases. The ways students appraise their situation is important and are prime target in prevention and intervention of stress related problems. The researchers have developed a scale based on Lazarus cognitive appraisal theory. Modified inverted U shape model was used to explain the concept of relationship between stress and performance. The scale consist of 48 items using 4 point scale ranging from 'not at all true to exactly true' yielding 4 score labeled as threat/avoidance, challenge, confusion, and withdrawal. The items are further classified and scored as personal, interpersonal and work/task yielding students' specific difficulties. In study- 1, developed scale was administered to 158 under graduate students from three arts and science colleges of Puducherry. After a month's interval the same scale was administered to the same students. The test, re-test result revealed that the scale possessed adequate reliability. In study-2, along with the developed scale, widely used perceived stress scale, life orientation scale and coping self-efficacy scale were administered to 146 under graduate students from four arts and science colleges of Puducherry. The result revealed that the developed scale possessed adequate validity. Details and implications are presented in this paper.

Pages: 117-121K. Kumar (Center for Improving Relationship and Personal Effectiveness, Puducherry)S. Kadhiravan (Department of Psychology…

Pages: 113-116
Unang Wahidin (Department of Islamic Education, Faculty of Education Science, Stai Al Hidayah Bogor, Indonesia)

Communication training of multimedia-based learning for the development of pedagogical teacher's competence. Unang Wahidin Departement of Islamic Education, Faculty of Education Science, STAI Al Hidayah Bogor, Indonesia. Communication training of multimedia-based learning to develop teachers of pedagogy competence is one of the programs that can be done by educational institutions. The development describesa process of increasing identity, increasing the capability and capacity of teacher`s pedagogy in maintaining the existence and adaptation to the environment. In the implementation of the training, there are several things that must be considered, such as follows: Learners of training are teachersof pedagogy that have the ability to operate a computer, LCD projector or VCD player, and Power Point program; learning methods used in training; curriculum and training materials will be provided; multimedia as one of instructional media types used in training; trainer as a source of learning; process of learning communication training with supported facilities and adequate infrastructure; training output in the form of expected competence development; evaluation of the output; and the outcomes expected. Through multimedia-based learning communications training, teachers of pedagogy will have better skills of communication learning so as to have the confidence and are able to carry out the tasks of learning, which in turn the students have the opportunity to achieve maximum success in the learning process.

Pages: 113-116Unang Wahidin (Department of Islamic Education, Faculty of Education Science, Stai Al Hidayah Bogor…

Pages: 108-112
Arundhati Agnihotri and Snehal Donde (Department of Education, University of Mumbai, Mumbai)

Students differ in their personal values; they receive and process information differently; their Emotional Intelligence, personality traits are different and hence, so also are their understanding.The present study analysed if there is any significant difference in personality, Emotional Intelligence and Socio-economic status of male and female students studying in school. It also analysed if there is any significant relationship betweenSocio-economic status and Personality;Socio-economic status and Emotional Intelligence; Personality and Emotional Intelligenceof students studying in school. Sample consisted of 148, standard Xstudents (63 females and 85 males) selected randomly from four schools in Mumbai. Descriptive survey method of investigation was used in the present study. t-test and Regression Analysis was used to find out the differences of male and female students on the three variables and relationship of Personality and Emotional Intelligence with Socio-economic status and further the relationship between Personality and Emotional Intelligence. Findings of the study revealed that male and female students do not differ significantly on Socio-economic status, Personality and Emotional Intelligence. Personality was not related with socio-economic status in case of male students but it wassignificantly and strongly related in case of female students. Emotional Intelligence was significantly and strongly related with socio-economic status of male and female students. Personality and Emotional Intelligence of male and female studentswere significantly and strongly related.

Pages: 108-112Arundhati Agnihotri and Snehal Donde (Department of Education, University of Mumbai, Mumbai)

Pages: 103-107
Subrata Chatterjee (Department of Sociology, Khejuri College, Baratala, Purba Medinipur, W.B )
Manashi Apartment (56/131, Rabindra Sarani, Durganagar Rabindra Nagar, Kolkata, W.B.)

For the last few years the subject 'Women Empowerment' is a matter of serious discussion. Ethically women as members of society should have their equal role. But throughout the world women occupy an inferior status rather than their male counter-parts. Efforts have been taken to empower women by launching various schemes and providing extra benefits for them. But in-spite of considerable improvement in the status of women, they still comprise the largest section of deprived population. Lack of capital is a serious constraint to the development of women, particularly in rural areas, who find little or no access to credit. Credit can help women to take up farm-allied activities or small enterprises and enabling them to respond to the opportunities created by the process of economic development. In this situation micro-credit is emerging as a powerful instrument for overall development of rural women. In India, micro-credit is dominated by Self-Help Groups- (SHGs) bank linkage programme, aimed at providing a cost effective mechanism for providing financial services to the poor women. Thus the effective organisation of SHGs is a significant instrument in the process of economic empowerment of women. In this study I have tried to find out the role of Self-Help Groups towards the economic empowerment of women in Khejuri (Coastal Bay of Bengal), Purba Medinipur, W.B. In Khejuri the performance of SHGs is satisfactory. The study was conducted in 11 gram panchayats of Khejuri-I and Khejuri-II blocks. For the purpose of the study 110 women SHGs were selected randomly. SHG encourages women to form voluntary association and emerge as a group of saver-cum-borrowers. In fact, any financial assistance, if utilised properly generates gainful employment opportunities. Positive sign of employment generation was found in rural economy of Khejuri. Income has a favourable effect on consumption expenditure in general and on education, health, social and familial status of members in particular. Micro Credit extended to rural women opens up the scope to empower herself in the family set-up.

Pages: 103-107Subrata Chatterjee (Department of Sociology, Khejuri College, Baratala, Purba Medinipur, W.B )Manashi Apartment (56/131…

Pages: 98-102
Nisha Chaudhary and N.K. Chadha (Department of Psychology, University of Delhi, Delhi)

There is a notion that schools have responsibility of building the character of the children, provide them right guidance on right time and for their overall well being. Moving in this line, Indian government has made the presence of school counselors mandatory in the school premises. Indian laws and Indian government has recently laid emphasis on the importance of school counselors. Though the role of school counselors is not specified and defined, which eventually leads to juggling of work between administration, counseling, teaching etc. This study focuses on understanding the job specification and job satisfaction of school counselors in Meerut city. For the purpose of study, a semi- structured interview was being prepared and a standardized tool was been used, to get an understanding of role clarity, job description and job satisfaction of school counselors from 12 different schools of Meerut city.

Pages: 98-102Nisha Chaudhary and N.K. Chadha (Department of Psychology, University of Delhi, Delhi)

Pages: 93-97
Amjad Ali (Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha)
Abu Sufiyan Zilli (Department of Psychology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, UP)

Job Attitudes can be defined as summary evaluations of psychological objects in the work domain. The object could be almost anything in the world around us. Attitudes reflect a person's likes and dislikes toward other persons, objects, events and activities in their environment. Therefore, it makes sense to study and know about attitude because strong attitudes will very likely affect a person's behaviour such as attitudes toward supervision, pay, benefits, promotion or anything that might trigger positive or negative reactions. The present study is aimed to examine differences between managers of private and public undertakings on job attitudes. The study was carried out in different private and public organizations located in Delhi. Data were collected from 300 managers (150 managers from private and 150 from public undertakings). The job attitude scale developed by Srivastava (1999) which assesses numerous dimensions of employees' job attitudes was used. Analysis of the data was done using t-test. Results revealed significant difference between managers of private and public undertakings on job attitudes. The findings imply that the organizations in both the sectors need to understand and manage managers' job attitudes and provide them with suitable interpersonal atmosphere to strengthen their positive job attitudes so that their level of performance in the organization could be enhanced. Results are explained in the light of present scenario in existing private and public undertakings.

Pages: 93-97Amjad Ali (Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha)Abu…

Pages: 87-92
Yukti Gill and A. K. Srivastava (Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Science, BHU, Varanasi, UP)

This research study analyzed the strength of impact of informational justice on employee's job satisfaction vis-a-vis other dimensions of organisational justice i.e. distributive, procedural and interpersonal justice. The sample of this study was 250 Indian software employees. Pearson correlation table revealed that out of the four dimensions of organisational justice, informational justice is most strongly correlated (ρ=.594) with employee's job satisfaction. Further, hierarchical regression method was employed and the result showed informational justice has largest influence on job satisfaction. This means free flow of information and proper justification for any decision taken matters more to software professionals than the outcomes itself.

Pages: 87-92Yukti Gill and A. K. Srivastava (Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Science, BHU…

Pages: 80-86
Prabha Vig (Department of Lifelong Learning & Extension, Panjab University, Chandigarh)
Komal Sharma (Research Scholar, Panjab University, Chandigarh)

The present paper proposes to determine the characteristics of effective teachers in relation to their employability skills. For this, teacher characteristics were identified under four broad indicators framed as; teacher commitment, adaptation, continuous improvement and empowerment. On the other hand, the same number of indicators were also identified under teacher employability skills named as; personal development skills; career planning and gaining employment; contributing towards the role and continuing to develop within a career. For, the present study the effect of gender as an independent variable was studied on two dependent variables viz; teacher characteristics and employability skills. To conduct this study, the data was gathered by using a self-made questionnaire distributed to 300 teachers working in the colleges of education of Punjab.

Pages: 80-86Prabha Vig (Department of Lifelong Learning & Extension, Panjab University, Chandigarh)Komal Sharma (Research Scholar…

Pages: 75-79
Durgesh Batra (Amity University Jaipur, Jaipur, Rajasthan)

Learning is the important aspect of human life and hence it is an individual responsibility. No one can be deprived of the knowledge one has acquired. Acquisition of this knowledge becomes a very crucial and important decision of an individual's life. This learning is imparted through the education. Thus education is a necessary and important aspect of human life. Education not only improves the mental status of human but also develops the society as a whole. During last few decades, the expansion of technical and professional education was phenomenal and it is playing a significant role in the economic and technological development of the country. Various initiatives have been taken such as research and development, modernization and technology Development. The main focus areas of professional and technical education is the areas catering to the need of country, technological up gradation of labs and designing of courses by institutions in such a manner which will lead to the development of rural and undeveloped class of society. In this scenario with increasing demand and enrollment of higher education, there are lots of disparities and issues in the higher education system. The article tries to highlight these emerging issues in higher education and the regulatory framework to fight these issues in maintaining and improving the quality of issues. The paper aims at understanding the emerging and new issues in higher education. These various issues have been highlighted in various plans of UGC especially in the 11th and 12th plan. The issues focus around the Quality, expansion and Relevance of higher education. The paper further tries to bring out various initiatives taken by UGC through different bodies to manage these issues especially to improve the quality of education.

Pages: 75-79Durgesh Batra (Amity University Jaipur, Jaipur, Rajasthan)
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