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Pages: 56-60
Neetika Gupta (College of Management & Technology, Patiala)
Ruby Gupta (Department of Psychology, Punjabi University, Patiala)

The present paper intends to study the relationship between Work Motivation and Organizational Commitment and its various attributes namely Affective Commitment, Continuous Commitment and Normative Commitment amongst university employees. In the era of high competition in education sector, a motivated employee plays a very significant role. An employee who is committed will be more motivated towards his work and will perform better in the organization. The results revealed a positive relationship between Work Motivation and Organizational Commitment and its various attributes.

Pages: 56-60Neetika Gupta (College of Management & Technology, Patiala)Ruby Gupta (Department of Psychology, Punjabi University…

Pages: 52-55
Ajai Pratap Singh (Department of Applied Psychology, VBS Purvanchal University, Jaunpur, UP )

The aim of the present study is to investigate hierarchical and sectoral differences in HR competencies. A purposive sample of 120 senior and middle managers from service and manufacturing sectors were selected. Independent sample t test was computed to test the differences across hierarchical levels and sectors. The results reveal significant differences across hierarchical levels in government sector on different HR competence dimensions. The results have implications managing training and development programmes for HR managers.

Pages: 52-55Ajai Pratap Singh (Department of Applied Psychology, VBS Purvanchal University, Jaunpur, UP )

Pages: 47-51
Baljeet Kaur (Research Scholar, Singhania University, Pacheri Bari, Jhunjhnu)
Agyajit Singh (Department of Psychology (Retired), Punjabi University, Patiala)

The present study aims to (i) to measure three dimensions of burnout i.e.; emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and lack of personal accomplishment of the elementary school teachers and (ii) to find the differences on three dimensions of burnout between male and female teachers, as well as teachers of urban and rural schools. The hypothesis was that there would be no significant differences on three dimensions of burnout among school teachers on the basis of sex, and location of the schools. The sample of the study consisted of 400 school teachers, out of which 200 were male teachers and 200 were females. The sample was divided into two groups on the basis of location of schools i.e. urban and rural school. They were administered the standardized test of Maslach' Burnout Inventory (M.B.I., 1986) by Maslach, Jackson and Schwab. The results of the study show that there were no sex differences on burnout of the teachers; though the rural male and female teachers differed on burnout. But rural and urban school teachers differed on all dimensions of burnout whether they were males or females or combined group and urban school teachers were more burned out.

Pages: 47-51Baljeet Kaur (Research Scholar, Singhania University, Pacheri Bari, Jhunjhnu)Agyajit Singh (Department of Psychology (Retired)…

Pages: 43-46
Darakhshan Parveen (Department of Psychology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, U.P.)

Over the past few decades, organizations throughout the world have faced the need to make various changes in strategy, structure and management process to adapt to new competitive demands. Any organization that isn't continually developing, acquiring or adapting to new changes will likely to be out of business in few years. Because, change rather than stability is the norm today. These changes have brought many changes in the workers commitment and their behavior. By keeping in mind the above contention, the present topic has been framed. The present study examines the influence of Organizational Change on work commitment. In addition to this t-test was also used to see the difference between the groups of employees on work commitment. Results of the study based on step wise multiple regression analyses suggested that structural change and cultural change- dimensions of organizational change, emerged as a powerful predictor of work commitment in Indian work context.

Pages: 43-46Darakhshan Parveen (Department of Psychology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, U.P.)

Pages: 38-42
S. Suneyna (Teaching Faculty, Kids Central-Nursery and Primary School, Chennai)
S. Sasikala (Department of Psychology, Ethiraj College for Women, Chennai)

Industry is a business activity related to the cultivating, producing or manufacturing of products and involves selling of goods and services. Industries began as early as 1800's and several technological advances have taken place. This has led to the development of new sectors of industries. Many developed countries like UK, US, Canada, Germany, Ireland, etc. or developing countries like India, China, Russia, etc. depend significantly on industrial economy. There are various types of industries such are; primary, genetic, extractive, construction, and manufacturing. The sudden boom in IT and ITES has taken a toll on most of the industries and thereby resulting in a steep rise in the attrition rate. The larger pay scales and comfort level have become criteria for most employees. The associated costs for the organization with the rise in attrition include talent loss, training costs, recruitment costs and productivity loss. The present study is aimed to identify the influence of emotional intelligence, perceived alternative employment opportunities, job satisfaction and organizational commitment on turnover intentions. The Assessing Emotional Intelligence Scale by Schutte et al (1998), Perceived Alternative Employment Opportunities by Mowday, Koberg &Mc Arthur (1984), Job Satisfaction Survey by Spector (1997), Organizational Commitment by Allen & Meyer (1990) and Turnover Intentions developed by the researcher (2012) were the tools used in the study. Data were collected from 104 employees (both male and female) of different manufacturing companies using convenience sampling method. Correlation and t-test were used to analyze the data and the results were discussed based on the importance of reducing the attrition rate in organizations.

Pages: 38-42S. Suneyna (Teaching Faculty, Kids Central-Nursery and Primary School, Chennai)S. Sasikala (Department of Psychology…

Pages: 31-37
Neeru Bala (Department of Sociology, Govt. Sr. Sec. School Chakkan, Sirsa)
Darpan Saluja (Junior Programmer, GJUS&T, Hisar, Haryana)

The contribution of agricultural mechanization has been well recognized in enhancing the production together with irrigation, biological and chemical inputs of high yielding seed varieties, fertilizers, pesticides and mechanical energy. Indian Green Revolution is regarded as one of the greatest achievements of the 20th century. It has been adopted in India on a large scale benefiting both small, medium and large size farms.The study was conducted in rural agricultural Haryana following the criteria of advancement and backwardness of the agricultural area. For the purpose two districts were selected, one in which certain forces of changes and development were present and other where they were absent. A block was randomly selected from each district i.e. Asandh block from Karnal district and Bawani Khera block from Bhiwani district. From the selected cluster of -villages a list of all the farmers of the village was prepared and from that list 150 respondents were selected randomly keeping in proportion farmers to the total population of the villages identified in the cluster. So on the whole a total of 300 respondents were selected from the identified clusters. The study therefore, assumes that the technology and society are interdependent in the sense that former causes change in the latter which in turn affects the former.The study resulted that As the developments proceeds, the social values also under go a change. The attitude towards material progress tend to be more positive with technological improvement. Consequently, the things which were valued most in the past lose their importance with changes in technology

Pages: 31-37Neeru Bala (Department of Sociology, Govt. Sr. Sec. School Chakkan, Sirsa)Darpan Saluja (Junior Programmer…

Pages: 23-30
V. K. Jain (Department of Commerce, GMN College, Ambala Cantt, Haryana)

Human resources are the most important means of production and a significant part of the entire organization. The performance of the physical resources depends largely on the skills and performance of its Human resources. The performance in turn is ruled by motivation. It has been observed that theemployers today pay attention to have their employees motivated and ready to work and make effort that their essential needs are met so that the goals of the organization are achieved. A number of theories have been developed in this regard which explain the various factors of motivation analyzing human needs in their own way and emphasize onthe need of different management techniques to satisfy these needs and motivate the employees to work effectively. As the motivation comes from such as thoughts, beliefs, ambitions, and goals, managers can influence their employees to self-motivate to produce the best possible results. Keeping these facts in mind, the present study 'Motivation at Work' has been undertaken. The study tries to bring out the possible factors of motivation in a large multi-national company. The data has been collected on the basis of questionnaire and administered on the employees of one of the plants of the company located in India. Efforts have also been made to study the correlation pattern among these factors.

Pages: 23-30V. K. Jain (Department of Commerce, GMN College, Ambala Cantt, Haryana)

Pages: 18-22
Roya Yosefi (Department of Internal Business Management, Abhar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Abhar, Iran)
Abolfazl Tajzadehnaminq (Allameh Tabatabaee University, Tehran, Iran)
Mohammad Jalili (Azad University, Abhar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Abhar, Iran)

This study was to evaluate the relative importance of effective factors on quality of banking via mobile, and then prioritizing them. The survey area was Mellat bank customers of Qazvin province that were sampled in 2013. Identified factors were analyzed using exploratory factor analysis in SPSS and new variables were identified. After that, by using confirmatory factor analysis in LISREL software, we tried to investigate the validity of the obtained model and tool. In order to prioritize and obtain the relative importance of factors and sub-factors it was investigated by using AHP (analysis of hierarchical process) method. According to carried research, from experts' point of view it was specified that content of mobile banking is the most important factor in quality dimension of it. The usefulness and customer service were in following ranks and design was in last rank.

Pages: 18-22Roya Yosefi (Department of Internal Business Management, Abhar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Abhar, Iran)Abolfazl…

Pages: 12-17
Ravneet Chawla (Department of Human Development & Family Relations Government Home Science College, Chandigarh)
Smriti Seth (Counsellor, Carmel Convent School, Sector-9, Chandigarh)

Anxiety is a common phenomenon of everyday life. The pressure of performing better and scoring high is increasing. Cases of suicides and extreme behaviors are also noted in present day scenario. In order to improve study habits, increase confidence, and reduce the academic anxiety levels of school going adolescents under ever-changing modern trends of society, a study on the variables of academic anxiety, and study habits and attitudes was conducted to know the impact of these on their achievement. The sample included 360 students from class ninth, both males and females, high and low achievers from the selected Government schools of Chandigarh located in urban, rural and slum areas. Academic Anxiety Scale for Children (AASC) by Singh and Sen Gupta (1984), and Test of Study Habits and Attitudes by Mathur (1983) were used. The findings of the present study revealed that overall academic anxiety among the high and the low achievers was average; no significant difference was found. The study habits of high achievers were satisfactory whereas poor study habits were found in low achievers. Further, low achievers scored higher in the corresponding areas which indicated that help is required. The males and females had average academic anxiety. No gender difference was found in academic anxiety; both reflected poor study habits (males were better in correct study habits; females reported higher in areas of help required. There was found average academic anxiety, and poor study habits in all the three locales. The slum area students reflected to be more in need of help in the areas related to study habits and attitudes.

Pages: 12-17Ravneet Chawla (Department of Human Development & Family Relations Government Home Science College, Chandigarh)Smriti…

Pages: 1-11
Rupali Joshi (Counselor, I.I.M.T., Haldwani)

Adolescence is the most important period of human life, a period of growing to maturity. Late adolescence, a period from eighteen to about twenty-two years is a period when transition from school to college takes place and thus is a highly stressful transitional phase. Stress represents any disruption or difficulty in the smooth course of life and occurs when demands on an individual exceed his or her Psychological effects of stress may manifest in forms of uncontrolled aggression, anxiety and depression. In context to the student population the most common psychological manifestation of stress are observed in the form of anxiety and depression. Diaphragmatic breathing has been reported to have beneficial consequences like increased oxygen supply to the brain and muscles, stimulation of parasympathetic nervous system, which promotes a state of calmness and quiescence, reduced anxiety and worry, improved concentration, release stress and tension. The study was conducted in three phases. In Phase-1, the pre-intervention phase, data was collected on 201first year students resided in hostel (Male, Female). Interview schedule, College Student stress scale developed by the researcher including five areas - academic, environmental, financial, family and hostel; Free-floating anxiety subscale of State, Trait and Free-floating anxiety Scale (Tripathi and Rastogi, 1986; Beck Depression Inventory (Hindi Version by Arora &Prashant, 1988) were administered on 201 subjects. After explaining the purpose of the study and instructions for each test the data was collected in the class room. The Phase-2 of the study was intervention phase for which high stress subjects were selected out of the 201 scored high on all the measures of stress, anxiety, depression These high stress subjects were divided in two groups, Intervention (28 boys & 28 girls) and non intervention group (30 boys & 28 girls). Ss in the intervention group were taught breathing exercise regularly for five weeks. No intervention was done for the non-intervention group. In the Phase-3, the post-intervention phase, Ss of both these groups were again assessed on measures of stress and strain after the 5 week. Data from pre-intervention and Post-intervention phases of these 114 Ss served as the basis for analysis for the second part of the study. Reduction in mean scores on measures of both stress and strain within the intervention group but not in the non-intervention group indicated the effectiveness of practicing diaphragmatic breathing for reducing stress and its positive effects among both boys and girls.

Pages: 1-11Rupali Joshi (Counselor, I.I.M.T., Haldwani)

Pages: 551-554
Surender (Independent Scholar, Psychology, Charkhi Dadri, Haryana)

Transitional adjustment to university has been the focus of a considerable amount of research interest, and much is now known about risk and protective factors during the transition to university. However, a number of issues merit further exploration. Specifically, research that generates more population-specific data and more fully explicates the role of emotional intelligence will contribute to a more complete understanding of the transition process and facilitate the development of more appropriate and theoretically-driven interventions. The present paper reviews factors affecting adjustment among university students.

Pages: 551-554Surender (Independent Scholar, Psychology, Charkhi Dadri, Haryana)

Pages: 547-550
Virender (Research Scholar, Singhania University, Rajasthan)

The importance of advertising is constantly growing in today‟s world. The media of social message have its great impact all around, similarly advertising, which use media as its tools, is a persuasive and powerful force that is shaping behavior and attitude in society. Social advertisements are continuously trying to convince people for social cause such as leaving the drug, quit smoking or stop violence etc. Every person in the world is consumer of social campaigns. The present paper reviews what is advertisement, what are its objectives, how it works, and their impact on consumer behaviors.

Pages: 547-550Virender (Research Scholar, Singhania University, Rajasthan)
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