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Pages: 117-121
K. Kumar (Center for Improving Relationship and Personal Effectiveness, Puducherry)
S. Kadhiravan (Department of Psychology, Periyar University, Salem, Tamilnadu)

The educational institutions, parents, and students themselves are very much concerned about their academic performance. High academic demand may have serious negative consequences. Some students find it more difficult to cope with such demand than others do, which leads to unpleasant consequences such as dropout, even suicide etc. A number of studies and laboratory experiments have confirmed that when stress exceeds individuals' optimum level, performance decreases. The ways students appraise their situation is important and are prime target in prevention and intervention of stress related problems. The researchers have developed a scale based on Lazarus cognitive appraisal theory. Modified inverted U shape model was used to explain the concept of relationship between stress and performance. The scale consist of 48 items using 4 point scale ranging from 'not at all true to exactly true' yielding 4 score labeled as threat/avoidance, challenge, confusion, and withdrawal. The items are further classified and scored as personal, interpersonal and work/task yielding students' specific difficulties. In study- 1, developed scale was administered to 158 under graduate students from three arts and science colleges of Puducherry. After a month's interval the same scale was administered to the same students. The test, re-test result revealed that the scale possessed adequate reliability. In study-2, along with the developed scale, widely used perceived stress scale, life orientation scale and coping self-efficacy scale were administered to 146 under graduate students from four arts and science colleges of Puducherry. The result revealed that the developed scale possessed adequate validity. Details and implications are presented in this paper.

Pages: 117-121K. Kumar (Center for Improving Relationship and Personal Effectiveness, Puducherry)S. Kadhiravan (Department of Psychology…

Pages: 113-116
Unang Wahidin (Department of Islamic Education, Faculty of Education Science, Stai Al Hidayah Bogor, Indonesia)

Communication training of multimedia-based learning for the development of pedagogical teacher's competence. Unang Wahidin Departement of Islamic Education, Faculty of Education Science, STAI Al Hidayah Bogor, Indonesia. Communication training of multimedia-based learning to develop teachers of pedagogy competence is one of the programs that can be done by educational institutions. The development describesa process of increasing identity, increasing the capability and capacity of teacher`s pedagogy in maintaining the existence and adaptation to the environment. In the implementation of the training, there are several things that must be considered, such as follows: Learners of training are teachersof pedagogy that have the ability to operate a computer, LCD projector or VCD player, and Power Point program; learning methods used in training; curriculum and training materials will be provided; multimedia as one of instructional media types used in training; trainer as a source of learning; process of learning communication training with supported facilities and adequate infrastructure; training output in the form of expected competence development; evaluation of the output; and the outcomes expected. Through multimedia-based learning communications training, teachers of pedagogy will have better skills of communication learning so as to have the confidence and are able to carry out the tasks of learning, which in turn the students have the opportunity to achieve maximum success in the learning process.

Pages: 113-116Unang Wahidin (Department of Islamic Education, Faculty of Education Science, Stai Al Hidayah Bogor…

Pages: 108-112
Arundhati Agnihotri and Snehal Donde (Department of Education, University of Mumbai, Mumbai)

Students differ in their personal values; they receive and process information differently; their Emotional Intelligence, personality traits are different and hence, so also are their understanding.The present study analysed if there is any significant difference in personality, Emotional Intelligence and Socio-economic status of male and female students studying in school. It also analysed if there is any significant relationship betweenSocio-economic status and Personality;Socio-economic status and Emotional Intelligence; Personality and Emotional Intelligenceof students studying in school. Sample consisted of 148, standard Xstudents (63 females and 85 males) selected randomly from four schools in Mumbai. Descriptive survey method of investigation was used in the present study. t-test and Regression Analysis was used to find out the differences of male and female students on the three variables and relationship of Personality and Emotional Intelligence with Socio-economic status and further the relationship between Personality and Emotional Intelligence. Findings of the study revealed that male and female students do not differ significantly on Socio-economic status, Personality and Emotional Intelligence. Personality was not related with socio-economic status in case of male students but it wassignificantly and strongly related in case of female students. Emotional Intelligence was significantly and strongly related with socio-economic status of male and female students. Personality and Emotional Intelligence of male and female studentswere significantly and strongly related.

Pages: 108-112Arundhati Agnihotri and Snehal Donde (Department of Education, University of Mumbai, Mumbai)

Pages: 103-107
Subrata Chatterjee (Department of Sociology, Khejuri College, Baratala, Purba Medinipur, W.B )
Manashi Apartment (56/131, Rabindra Sarani, Durganagar Rabindra Nagar, Kolkata, W.B.)

For the last few years the subject 'Women Empowerment' is a matter of serious discussion. Ethically women as members of society should have their equal role. But throughout the world women occupy an inferior status rather than their male counter-parts. Efforts have been taken to empower women by launching various schemes and providing extra benefits for them. But in-spite of considerable improvement in the status of women, they still comprise the largest section of deprived population. Lack of capital is a serious constraint to the development of women, particularly in rural areas, who find little or no access to credit. Credit can help women to take up farm-allied activities or small enterprises and enabling them to respond to the opportunities created by the process of economic development. In this situation micro-credit is emerging as a powerful instrument for overall development of rural women. In India, micro-credit is dominated by Self-Help Groups- (SHGs) bank linkage programme, aimed at providing a cost effective mechanism for providing financial services to the poor women. Thus the effective organisation of SHGs is a significant instrument in the process of economic empowerment of women. In this study I have tried to find out the role of Self-Help Groups towards the economic empowerment of women in Khejuri (Coastal Bay of Bengal), Purba Medinipur, W.B. In Khejuri the performance of SHGs is satisfactory. The study was conducted in 11 gram panchayats of Khejuri-I and Khejuri-II blocks. For the purpose of the study 110 women SHGs were selected randomly. SHG encourages women to form voluntary association and emerge as a group of saver-cum-borrowers. In fact, any financial assistance, if utilised properly generates gainful employment opportunities. Positive sign of employment generation was found in rural economy of Khejuri. Income has a favourable effect on consumption expenditure in general and on education, health, social and familial status of members in particular. Micro Credit extended to rural women opens up the scope to empower herself in the family set-up.

Pages: 103-107Subrata Chatterjee (Department of Sociology, Khejuri College, Baratala, Purba Medinipur, W.B )Manashi Apartment (56/131…

Pages: 98-102
Nisha Chaudhary and N.K. Chadha (Department of Psychology, University of Delhi, Delhi)

There is a notion that schools have responsibility of building the character of the children, provide them right guidance on right time and for their overall well being. Moving in this line, Indian government has made the presence of school counselors mandatory in the school premises. Indian laws and Indian government has recently laid emphasis on the importance of school counselors. Though the role of school counselors is not specified and defined, which eventually leads to juggling of work between administration, counseling, teaching etc. This study focuses on understanding the job specification and job satisfaction of school counselors in Meerut city. For the purpose of study, a semi- structured interview was being prepared and a standardized tool was been used, to get an understanding of role clarity, job description and job satisfaction of school counselors from 12 different schools of Meerut city.

Pages: 98-102Nisha Chaudhary and N.K. Chadha (Department of Psychology, University of Delhi, Delhi)

Pages: 93-97
Amjad Ali (Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha)
Abu Sufiyan Zilli (Department of Psychology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, UP)

Job Attitudes can be defined as summary evaluations of psychological objects in the work domain. The object could be almost anything in the world around us. Attitudes reflect a person's likes and dislikes toward other persons, objects, events and activities in their environment. Therefore, it makes sense to study and know about attitude because strong attitudes will very likely affect a person's behaviour such as attitudes toward supervision, pay, benefits, promotion or anything that might trigger positive or negative reactions. The present study is aimed to examine differences between managers of private and public undertakings on job attitudes. The study was carried out in different private and public organizations located in Delhi. Data were collected from 300 managers (150 managers from private and 150 from public undertakings). The job attitude scale developed by Srivastava (1999) which assesses numerous dimensions of employees' job attitudes was used. Analysis of the data was done using t-test. Results revealed significant difference between managers of private and public undertakings on job attitudes. The findings imply that the organizations in both the sectors need to understand and manage managers' job attitudes and provide them with suitable interpersonal atmosphere to strengthen their positive job attitudes so that their level of performance in the organization could be enhanced. Results are explained in the light of present scenario in existing private and public undertakings.

Pages: 93-97Amjad Ali (Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha)Abu…

Pages: 87-92
Yukti Gill and A. K. Srivastava (Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Science, BHU, Varanasi, UP)

This research study analyzed the strength of impact of informational justice on employee's job satisfaction vis-a-vis other dimensions of organisational justice i.e. distributive, procedural and interpersonal justice. The sample of this study was 250 Indian software employees. Pearson correlation table revealed that out of the four dimensions of organisational justice, informational justice is most strongly correlated (ρ=.594) with employee's job satisfaction. Further, hierarchical regression method was employed and the result showed informational justice has largest influence on job satisfaction. This means free flow of information and proper justification for any decision taken matters more to software professionals than the outcomes itself.

Pages: 87-92Yukti Gill and A. K. Srivastava (Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Science, BHU…

Pages: 80-86
Prabha Vig (Department of Lifelong Learning & Extension, Panjab University, Chandigarh)
Komal Sharma (Research Scholar, Panjab University, Chandigarh)

The present paper proposes to determine the characteristics of effective teachers in relation to their employability skills. For this, teacher characteristics were identified under four broad indicators framed as; teacher commitment, adaptation, continuous improvement and empowerment. On the other hand, the same number of indicators were also identified under teacher employability skills named as; personal development skills; career planning and gaining employment; contributing towards the role and continuing to develop within a career. For, the present study the effect of gender as an independent variable was studied on two dependent variables viz; teacher characteristics and employability skills. To conduct this study, the data was gathered by using a self-made questionnaire distributed to 300 teachers working in the colleges of education of Punjab.

Pages: 80-86Prabha Vig (Department of Lifelong Learning & Extension, Panjab University, Chandigarh)Komal Sharma (Research Scholar…

Pages: 75-79
Durgesh Batra (Amity University Jaipur, Jaipur, Rajasthan)

Learning is the important aspect of human life and hence it is an individual responsibility. No one can be deprived of the knowledge one has acquired. Acquisition of this knowledge becomes a very crucial and important decision of an individual's life. This learning is imparted through the education. Thus education is a necessary and important aspect of human life. Education not only improves the mental status of human but also develops the society as a whole. During last few decades, the expansion of technical and professional education was phenomenal and it is playing a significant role in the economic and technological development of the country. Various initiatives have been taken such as research and development, modernization and technology Development. The main focus areas of professional and technical education is the areas catering to the need of country, technological up gradation of labs and designing of courses by institutions in such a manner which will lead to the development of rural and undeveloped class of society. In this scenario with increasing demand and enrollment of higher education, there are lots of disparities and issues in the higher education system. The article tries to highlight these emerging issues in higher education and the regulatory framework to fight these issues in maintaining and improving the quality of issues. The paper aims at understanding the emerging and new issues in higher education. These various issues have been highlighted in various plans of UGC especially in the 11th and 12th plan. The issues focus around the Quality, expansion and Relevance of higher education. The paper further tries to bring out various initiatives taken by UGC through different bodies to manage these issues especially to improve the quality of education.

Pages: 75-79Durgesh Batra (Amity University Jaipur, Jaipur, Rajasthan)

Pages: 70-74
Md Intekhab UR Rahman (Department of Psychology, B. N. Mandal University, Madhepura, Bihar)

Education is regarded as the key factor in overcoming the barriers that women face and the basic tool for empowering women and bringing them into the main stream of development. Education not only provides knowledge and skills to improve health and livelihoods, but it empowers women to take their right place in the society and development process. Education gives status and confidence in decision making. Educating women is the key to reducing poverty. Distance learning is any type of education that occurs while location, time, or both separate the participants. In distance learning, the teacher, through the use of technology, delivers instructions to a student at a separate location. Distance education, structure learning in which the student and instructor are separated by time and space, is currently the fastest growing form of domestic and international education.Women status in the society and education are interrelated. All over the world movements have been carried on to change the situation of illiteracy as stated by Bhatt,D.B and Sharma, R.S (1992) “ The movement for improving women's status all over the world has always emphasized education as the most significant instrument for changing women's subjugated position in society.” Women education has an important role in the development of nations. The literacy rate of the women has also impact on the economical condition and reduction of the poverty of the country. This backwardness of the women is due to the non-equal chances to education of the women. There may be equal chances to education for male- female the development of the country may be doubled. There may economic revolution in the country, if the gender disparities in the literacy rate minimized to zero. This paper attempts to outline the role of distance education in upgrading the status of women in India. In a large and developing country like India, distance education is not only cost-effective but can also reach out to all sections of society, including the marginalized and the dispossessed.

Pages: 70-74Md Intekhab UR Rahman (Department of Psychology, B. N. Mandal University, Madhepura, Bihar)

Pages: 64-69
Jitendra Mohan Mishra (Department of Tourism Studies, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry)

Tourism of today is not only concerned with economic aspects of development, but there is a growing interest in the studies of environmental and socio-cultural impacts. Such impacts are mostly studied as part of sustainability in the tourist destinations. The concept of sustainable tourism is a theoretical framework that aims to address such issues. However sustainability is debated to be a mere theory having far less practical solution. Planners and policy makers often blame the existing public private partnership (PPP) model is like a cow which is though fed by the public sector benefits the private sector alone that eats out the major share of profit. The present paper in the pursuance of practical solutions emphasized on defining the stakeholders and agents of tourism and hospitality sector with their underlining interest. Various approaches and levels of participation in the continuum of passive participation to active self mobilisation is explained about stakeholders' participation. The feature, aim and scope of various stakeholders' engagement and multi-stakeholders collaboration were defined conceptually. The emergence of Multi-Stakeholder process and role of private and public sector discussed to make public and private participation a success.

Pages: 64-69Jitendra Mohan Mishra (Department of Tourism Studies, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry)

Pages: 61-63
Kuldeep (Yash College of Education, Rohtak, Haryana)

The present study was undertaken to Study Habits and Academic Achievement Motivation of students with Visual Impairment and Sighted Children. For this investigation, descriptive study was conducted. For that purpose 100 students (50 visual impaired and 50 sighted students) were selected randomly from two visual impaired and two sighted students school. Their age ranged between 12 and 17 year. Sharma Academic Motivation Test was used to see the academic achievement motivation and Mukhopadhyay and Sansanwal Study Habits Inventory was used magnitude of study habit among students. Result indicated that magnitude of study habit was no significant different among the visual impaired and sighted students in team of their academic achievement motivation and The Study Habit affect to Academic Achievement Motivation of all students.

Pages: 61-63Kuldeep (Yash College of Education, Rohtak, Haryana)
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