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Pages: 282-286
Sandeep Kaur (Himalayan University, Naharlagun, Arunachal Pradesh)
Agyajit Singh (Department of Psychology, Punjabi University, Patiala)

The main purpose of the study was to find out the gender differences on emotional intelligence and emotional maturity of the high school students. It was also the aim of the study to establish a relationship between the emotional intelligence and emotional maturity of the school students. For it, two tests i.e.; Mangal test's Emotional Intelligence and Yashvir Singh and Bhargava's test of Emotional Maturity were administered to 400 high school students, The results of the study show that on emotional intelligence male and female students differed significantly; and male students had more emotional intelligence. The females were better on self motivation and empathy whereas the males were better on social skills. On the emotional maturity variable, significant differences were found on the basis of gender of the students, where the males were more emotionally matured. There is a positive relationship between emotional intelligence and emotional maturity.

Pages: 282-286Sandeep Kaur (Himalayan University, Naharlagun, Arunachal Pradesh)Agyajit Singh (Department of Psychology, Punjabi University, Patiala)

Pages: 277-281
Gouri Sharma (Institute of Teacher Education, Pt. R.S.U, Raipur, Chhattisgarh)

Present study aimed at investigating the role of classroom environment parental education, income and institution on academic achievement. For this purpose initially, 200 student Studying in different private and government school of Raipur district of Chhattisgarh state were selected randomly as sample. To measure the academic achievement of the student, the overall marks obtained by the student in different subjects (viz., Hindi, English, maths, science, environmental science, & social science) in annual examination was used. The dependent variable of the study is academic achievement and independent variable were classroom environment parental Education, income and type of school .To analyze the data descriptive statistics , product moment correlation coefficient and regression analysis technique were used. The results showed that parents' education income, institution and rule clarity (sub dimension of classroom environment) had a significant positive correlation with students' academic achievement. The result of multiple regression analysis found affiliation, rule clarity and income as a good predictor of students' academic achievement

Pages: 277-281Gouri Sharma (Institute of Teacher Education, Pt. R.S.U, Raipur, Chhattisgarh)

Pages: 271-276
Neeta Sinha (School o Liberal Studies, Pandit Deendayal Petroleum University, Gandhinagar, Gujarat)

Industry estimates suggest that there are more than 1,300 business schools in India and these business schools produce an estimated 120,000 graduates every year (Shahaida, January 2009: 58). Thus in this competitive scenario the students had to strive very hard to be 'market ready' which led to an increase in the perceived stress levels of management students. It is in this context that the study of stress becomes imperative among the students of Management. Academic stress among college students has been a topic of interest for many years. Students' experience of anxiety and stress during their college years may be imperative for their overall functioning as well as their academic performance. Many variables like academic pressure, financial concerns, social obligations, peer pressure etc. may be related to the academic-related stress experienced by college students. It is generally believed that females are able to manage their stress levels better. Emotional Intelligence (EI) too is believed to have a significant influence on stress. The objective of the study is to probe whether Emotional Intelligence and Gender play any role in influencing the Stress levels of Management Students. Data was collected from B Schools across India. Sample size was 1013. Two stage stratification sampling was done. The scale used to measure Stress levels of students is Organizational Role Stress (ORS) (Pareek 1983). The scale used to measure Emotional Intelligence of students is EIS Inventory developed by Upinder Dhar (2002). Results revealed that EI or Gender do not have a significant influence on the stress levels of students. However there is an inverse negative correlation between EI and stress. Both males and females experience stress through the levels may vary on various dimensions.

Pages: 271-276Neeta Sinha (School o Liberal Studies, Pandit Deendayal Petroleum University, Gandhinagar, Gujarat)

Pages: 263-270
Muhamad Parhan, Sofyan Sauri, Abdi Majid, and A. Juntika Nurihsan (Program of General Education, School of Postgraduate Studies, Universitas Pendidikan, Indonesia)

The present article intends to present a contextual teaching and learning model that can be applied in the teaching of prayer in Islamic religious education. The essence of prayer is promoting understanding. Through a contextual learning model, there will emerge understanding and easier applicability of religious virtues based on clear knowledge. The author uses mixed methods, where data has been collected through participatory observation, documentation study, in-depth interview, and through questionnaires. It has been revealed that with the use of a contextual teaching and learning model to teach Islamic education, there is improved knowledge and understanding of the religious values. This can be evidenced from the students' improvement in the application of the learnt prayer knowledge in their daily life. Using a contextual teaching and learning model can make learning more realistic, concrete, actual, enjoyable, and meaningful, because students are actively engaged in the development of learning materials which are application to real life situation. The authors conclude by recommending that this learning model sould be applied to facilitate the teaching of religious virtues and practices in schools.

Pages: 263-270Muhamad Parhan, Sofyan Sauri, Abdi Majid, and A. Juntika Nurihsan (Program of General Education…

Pages: 255-262
Abdullah Malik and Bushan D. Sudhakar (Department of International Business, School of Management, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry)

The engagement of sports celebrities as the expression of marketing communications strategy has now become the practice of the companies in positioning of the brand in the consumers' mental space. Firms are making huge investments in hiring sports celebrities for juxtaposing brands and building organizations with endorser's source based qualities such as source trustworthiness, source attractiveness and source expertise in order to retain memory space of consumers, which is bombarded by thousands of adverts at a time. These qualities may operate in a transferable way and make optimistic effects. But the qualities of the celebrities at times may be inappropriate, irrelevant, and unwanted, which may make a hue and cry to the stigma and the firm in the positioning of the brand. In the current study, the factors of sports celebrity endorsement were employed as the stimuli to affect the brand positioning in order to measure customer purchase behavioural intention as the outcome.

Pages: 255-262Abdullah Malik and Bushan D. Sudhakar (Department of International Business, School of Management, Pondicherry…

Pages: 249-254
Santoshi Halder (Department of Education, University of Calcutta Alipore Campus, Kolkata)
Rupnar Dutta (GCM College of Education, Kolkata)

The study attempts to examine the relationship between personality traits and teacher effectiveness. Personality traits are measured by five dimensions: neuroticism extraversion, openness, agreeableness and conscientio-usness. To fulfill the purpose of the study, a sample of 450 trained teachers was taken from Secondary Govt. aided Schools of West Bengal, India who have completed their B.Ed. from the B.Ed College affiliated by University of Calcutta. Collected data was analyzed by using Correlations at bi-variate level to identify the pattern of relationship among sets of variables under the study and Multivariate Regression for analyzing the predicting power of the variables. It was found that Teacher Effectiveness scores of trained Secondary Govt. aided School Teachers were significantly correlated with their Extroversion and Openness of NEO-FFI. Neuroticism, Agreeableness and Conscientiousness of NEO-FFI scores were negatively correlated with Teacher Effectiveness scores. Openness has the highest predictive power for Teacher Effectiveness. The findings provide guidelines for teacher education curriculum reform, teacher recruitment procedure & criterion and for Professional Development Programme (PDP).

Pages: 249-254Santoshi Halder (Department of Education, University of Calcutta Alipore Campus, Kolkata)Rupnar Dutta (GCM College…

Pages: 246-248
Seyyed Habib Hoseini (Preschool Education, Arsanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arsanjan, Iran)
Firouz Rezaian and Jahangir Mehr Afsha (Department of Educational Sciences, Arsanjan Branch Islamic Azad University, Arsanjan, Iran)

The following research tries to study the effectiveness of action research periods training on Kharame kindergarten's teachers' creativity and self- efficacy in academic year 2013-2014. The research based on aim is of applied and based on data collection is semi- experimental with pre and post tests and experimental and control groups. The statistical society to this research included 100 kindergarten's teacher and among whom, 80 individuals were selected as sample through Morgan table. Subjects were classified randomly selected. And then to study self- efficacy and creativity, Scherer and Randsyp questionnaires were used. Results suggested that action research periods training had positive effected on creativity growth and has been able to improve the skills of teachers with significant level of 0.0001. Also action research periods training have been able to improve the self- efficacy of teachers with significant level of 0. 001.

Pages: 246-248Seyyed Habib Hoseini (Preschool Education, Arsanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arsanjan, Iran)Firouz Rezaian and…

Pages: 242-245
Reza Sttar (Department of Educational Sciences, Farhangian University, Iran)
Fatemeh Sattar (Department of Humanities, Student Fatemeh Alzahra High School, Shiraz, Iran)

The aim of this study was to extract and explain the commonality of religious education in Muslim-Christian religions. In this study, Bible verses and Islamic and Christian religious texts defined in the fields of religious education, religious education goals, Teacher-centered or student-centered religious education, tools and resources for understanding religious education, teaching methods and course content in religious education, and educational values ​​were compared. In order to achieve a common pattern of religious education, the main objective of the present study was could be the way for greater understanding and unity of the Muslim and Christian communities open and provide the basis for the inspiration of religious education and the community.

Pages: 242-245Reza Sttar (Department of Educational Sciences, Farhangian University, Iran)Fatemeh Sattar (Department of Humanities, Student…

Pages: 238-241
Mohammad Karimi (Preschool Education, Arsanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arsanjan, Iran)
Mohammad Hasan Rezaei (Department of Educational Sciences Darab Branch, Islamic Azad, University, Darab, Iran)
Jahangir Mehr Afsha (Department of Educational Sciences Arsanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arsanjan, Iran)

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of preschool education on creativity, language skills and academic achievement of first-grade students, respectively. For this reason a sample of 80 subjects (40 men and 40 women without a history of pre-school preschool) Minab city male students were selected by multistage sampling. Torrance creativity tests, told-p test of language development and academic achievement tests were analyzed. The results of t-test for independent samples and Mann-Whitney test showed that students who had received pre-school education the three variables tested higher than students who did not receive this training achieved and this difference was statistically significant.

Pages: 238-241Mohammad Karimi (Preschool Education, Arsanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arsanjan, Iran)Mohammad Hasan Rezaei (Department…

Pages: 235-237
Ishwar Singh (Department of Commerce, Govt. College, Hisar, Haryana)

The paper discusses the major forms of protectionism, including tariffs, quotas, anti-dumping laws, and the deliberate manipulation of exchange rates. The purpose of this paper is to establish the benefits of free trade, to examine the reasons and effect of protectionist policies, and to evaluate the rationale behind trade protectionism. The methodology used in this paper includes review of the literature and empirical studies published and descriptive statistical analysis of data published by international organizations. The paper also evaluates how the trade restrictions are harmful to the economies of the trading partners and challenges the popular rationale for protectionism.

Pages: 235-237Ishwar Singh (Department of Commerce, Govt. College, Hisar, Haryana)

Pages: 231-234
Nidhi Pruthi and Renuka Sharma (B.P.S.I.T.T.R, Sonipat, Haryana)

The main purpose of this study was to examine organizational commitment among male and female Secondary School Teachers in relation to their personality. For this 104 teachers from both Government and Private schools were selected. Selected teachers were tested with Organizational Commitment Questionnaire (Mayer and Allen, 1990) and Neo-FFI (Coasta & McCrae 1992). The data were analyzed by applying Descriptive Statistics, t-ratios and Pearson's correlations. In case of three measures of Organizational Commitment the female teachers have scored significantly high on Normative commitment than male teachers. In case of personality female teachers have scored more on neuroticism, extraversion and openness than their counterparts male teachers. Persual of intercorrelation matrix reveals that in case of female secondary school teachers Affective commitment is significantly related to extraversion. Normative commitment is positively related to extraversion and openness and Continuous commitment is significantly related to neuroticism. Results also reveals that in case of male teachers Affective commitment is significantly related to neuroticism and agreeableness and Continuance Commitment is significantly related to neuroticism. The findings of the present study have important implications for recruitment process of teachers in schools and suggest the need of personality assessment of employees at the entry level.

Pages: 231-234Nidhi Pruthi and Renuka Sharma (B.P.S.I.T.T.R, Sonipat, Haryana)

Pages: 228-230
Prabhat Kumar Mishra (Department of Educational Psychology and Foundations of Education, NCERT, Sri Aurobindo Marg, New Delhi)

The concept of “stress” is one of the most significant ones ever developed in the social and biochemical sciences. However, theories of stress have varied greatly in their basic approaches as well as in their definitions of stress. A prime source of confusion in stress research is inadequate conceptualisation of the stress construct. Agarwala, Malhan and Singh (1979) believed that this confusion in definition existed because the same term is used differently by the scholars with different orientations.

Pages: 228-230Prabhat Kumar Mishra (Department of Educational Psychology and Foundations of Education, NCERT, Sri Aurobindo…
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