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Pages: 249-254
Santoshi Halder (Department of Education, University of Calcutta Alipore Campus, Kolkata)
Rupnar Dutta (GCM College of Education, Kolkata)

The study attempts to examine the relationship between personality traits and teacher effectiveness. Personality traits are measured by five dimensions: neuroticism extraversion, openness, agreeableness and conscientio-usness. To fulfill the purpose of the study, a sample of 450 trained teachers was taken from Secondary Govt. aided Schools of West Bengal, India who have completed their B.Ed. from the B.Ed College affiliated by University of Calcutta. Collected data was analyzed by using Correlations at bi-variate level to identify the pattern of relationship among sets of variables under the study and Multivariate Regression for analyzing the predicting power of the variables. It was found that Teacher Effectiveness scores of trained Secondary Govt. aided School Teachers were significantly correlated with their Extroversion and Openness of NEO-FFI. Neuroticism, Agreeableness and Conscientiousness of NEO-FFI scores were negatively correlated with Teacher Effectiveness scores. Openness has the highest predictive power for Teacher Effectiveness. The findings provide guidelines for teacher education curriculum reform, teacher recruitment procedure & criterion and for Professional Development Programme (PDP).
Pages: 249-254 Santoshi Halder (Department of Education, University of Calcutta Alipore Campus, Kolkata) Rupnar Dutta (GCM College…
Pages: 246-248
Seyyed Habib Hoseini (Preschool Education, Arsanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arsanjan, Iran)
Firouz Rezaian and Jahangir Mehr Afsha (Department of Educational Sciences, Arsanjan Branch Islamic Azad University, Arsanjan, Iran)

The following research tries to study the effectiveness of action research periods training on Kharame kindergarten's teachers' creativity and self- efficacy in academic year 2013-2014. The research based on aim is of applied and based on data collection is semi- experimental with pre and post tests and experimental and control groups. The statistical society to this research included 100 kindergarten's teacher and among whom, 80 individuals were selected as sample through Morgan table. Subjects were classified randomly selected. And then to study self- efficacy and creativity, Scherer and Randsyp questionnaires were used. Results suggested that action research periods training had positive effected on creativity growth and has been able to improve the skills of teachers with significant level of 0.0001. Also action research periods training have been able to improve the self- efficacy of teachers with significant level of 0. 001.
Pages: 246-248 Seyyed Habib Hoseini (Preschool Education, Arsanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arsanjan, Iran) Firouz Rezaian and…
Pages: 242-245
Reza Sttar (Department of Educational Sciences, Farhangian University, Iran)
Fatemeh Sattar (Department of Humanities, Student Fatemeh Alzahra High School, Shiraz, Iran)

The aim of this study was to extract and explain the commonality of religious education in Muslim-Christian religions. In this study, Bible verses and Islamic and Christian religious texts defined in the fields of religious education, religious education goals, Teacher-centered or student-centered religious education, tools and resources for understanding religious education, teaching methods and course content in religious education, and educational values ​​were compared. In order to achieve a common pattern of religious education, the main objective of the present study was could be the way for greater understanding and unity of the Muslim and Christian communities open and provide the basis for the inspiration of religious education and the community.
Pages: 242-245 Reza Sttar (Department of Educational Sciences, Farhangian University, Iran) Fatemeh Sattar (Department of Humanities, Student…
Pages: 238-241
Mohammad Karimi (Preschool Education, Arsanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arsanjan, Iran)
Mohammad Hasan Rezaei (Department of Educational Sciences Darab Branch, Islamic Azad, University, Darab, Iran)
Jahangir Mehr Afsha (Department of Educational Sciences Arsanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arsanjan, Iran)

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of preschool education on creativity, language skills and academic achievement of first-grade students, respectively. For this reason a sample of 80 subjects (40 men and 40 women without a history of pre-school preschool) Minab city male students were selected by multistage sampling. Torrance creativity tests, told-p test of language development and academic achievement tests were analyzed. The results of t-test for independent samples and Mann-Whitney test showed that students who had received pre-school education the three variables tested higher than students who did not receive this training achieved and this difference was statistically significant.
Pages: 238-241 Mohammad Karimi (Preschool Education, Arsanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arsanjan, Iran) Mohammad Hasan Rezaei (Department…
Pages: 235-237
Ishwar Singh (Department of Commerce, Govt. College, Hisar, Haryana)

The paper discusses the major forms of protectionism, including tariffs, quotas, anti-dumping laws, and the deliberate manipulation of exchange rates. The purpose of this paper is to establish the benefits of free trade, to examine the reasons and effect of protectionist policies, and to evaluate the rationale behind trade protectionism. The methodology used in this paper includes review of the literature and empirical studies published and descriptive statistical analysis of data published by international organizations. The paper also evaluates how the trade restrictions are harmful to the economies of the trading partners and challenges the popular rationale for protectionism.
Pages: 235-237 Ishwar Singh (Department of Commerce, Govt. College, Hisar, Haryana)
Pages: 231-234
Nidhi Pruthi and Renuka Sharma (B.P.S.I.T.T.R, Sonipat, Haryana)

The main purpose of this study was to examine organizational commitment among male and female Secondary School Teachers in relation to their personality. For this 104 teachers from both Government and Private schools were selected. Selected teachers were tested with Organizational Commitment Questionnaire (Mayer and Allen, 1990) and Neo-FFI (Coasta & McCrae 1992). The data were analyzed by applying Descriptive Statistics, t-ratios and Pearson's correlations. In case of three measures of Organizational Commitment the female teachers have scored significantly high on Normative commitment than male teachers. In case of personality female teachers have scored more on neuroticism, extraversion and openness than their counterparts male teachers. Persual of intercorrelation matrix reveals that in case of female secondary school teachers Affective commitment is significantly related to extraversion. Normative commitment is positively related to extraversion and openness and Continuous commitment is significantly related to neuroticism. Results also reveals that in case of male teachers Affective commitment is significantly related to neuroticism and agreeableness and Continuance Commitment is significantly related to neuroticism. The findings of the present study have important implications for recruitment process of teachers in schools and suggest the need of personality assessment of employees at the entry level.
Pages: 231-234 Nidhi Pruthi and Renuka Sharma (B.P.S.I.T.T.R, Sonipat, Haryana)
Pages: 228-230
Prabhat Kumar Mishra (Department of Educational Psychology and Foundations of Education, NCERT, Sri Aurobindo Marg, New Delhi)

The concept of “stress” is one of the most significant ones ever developed in the social and biochemical sciences. However, theories of stress have varied greatly in their basic approaches as well as in their definitions of stress. A prime source of confusion in stress research is inadequate conceptualisation of the stress construct. Agarwala, Malhan and Singh (1979) believed that this confusion in definition existed because the same term is used differently by the scholars with different orientations.
Pages: 228-230 Prabhat Kumar Mishra (Department of Educational Psychology and Foundations of Education, NCERT, Sri Aurobindo…
Pages: 222-227
Snehal S Donde (Former Principal, Mumbai University affiliated College & Hon. Secretary, Association of Non-government colleges, Maharashtra)

The study probes into the extent to which teachers of secondary section in the CBSE schools are stressed out due to the pressure of syllabus completion, examination process, frequent corrections of answer sheets / keeping records, continuous evaluation procedure, teaching of more than one subject and extra-curricular activities as the part of the workload keeping in the view Gender (Male/female), Qualification (Graduate & postgraduate), Level (Lower secondary (V & VI) & upper secondary (VII to IX) and Teaching Experience (junior teacher 2 to 5 yrs & Senior Teacher 6yrs & above). The research was an experimental type descriptive study (survey method). Samples were 100 Teachers of CBSE schools and Sampling Technique was Simple Random Method. Perception tool was used for conducting survey. Percentage analysis and inferential techniques of data analysis was implemented. The findings of the study revealed that on the basis of the gender discrimination the female teachers have perceived slightly less than male and were better to the stressful situation in terms with the workload than their male counterparts. Continuous evaluation process area of study revealed that male and females were almost stressed out on the equivalent basis (70%). The study revealed that trained teachers understand the needs of the students and handle the compliances with effortlessness. It was peculiar to note the rigid teaching approach of the senior teachers who were stressed and unable to adapt to the changes or the innovation that are brought about in the current education scenario. In contrast to this the junior teachers who were raw and inexperience were less stressful and exhibited positive approach towards new system. In the general discussions it was found that the stress level among the teachers were comparatively high in the second term than the first term. Based on the research findings remedial suggestions are made to the teachers for effective and successful handling of stress in connection to workload.
Pages: 222-227 Snehal S Donde (Former Principal, Mumbai University affiliated College & Hon. Secretary, Association of…
Pages: 218-221
Erfan Delroz and Khosro Nazari (Department of Management, College of Humanity Science, Yasouj Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Yasouj, Iran)

Making efforts to improve the performance from the early days of development of management has been seen as an uncontroversial principle that every day deals with new issues and captures more areas. In the early schools of management, employees were evaluated based on behaviors that were expected in the job description and job qualification. These days, behaviors, however, are considered much more beyond the early norms. Such behaviors are assessed based on the conceptssuch aspro-social, extra-role, situational, spontaneous, and organizational citizenship behaviors. Such behaviors are seen as an integral component of management and are taken into account in different organizational aspects. One of the important issues that has not been taken into account seriously concerningthe employee behavior in organizations and institutions in Iran such as banks is the reinforcement of citizenship behavior among employees so that they will be able to communicate more effectively, reduce working pressure, remain loyal to the organization, improve their involvement, and increase the flexibility within the organization. The main objective of the present study was to explore OCB management among employees working in Saderat and Maskan banks in Yasuj. To do so, a descriptive-survey research design was used in this study. The research sample consisted of a total number of 145 employees of whom 80 were working in SaderatBank and65 were working Maskan Bank in Yasuj. Due to the small size of the sample, the census method was used in this study to select the participants. Field methods such as questionnaires were employed to collect the data. To this end, a standard questionnaire was used to test the research hypotheses. After determining the sample size, the questionnaires were distributed among the participants to collect the data. Organizational Citizenship Behavior Inventory (Podsakoff et al., 1990) was used to collect the data. The inventory is based on a model developed by Oregon (1988) and it contains five components including altruism, consciousness, fairness, courtesy, and social norms.
Pages: 218-221 Erfan Delroz and Khosro Nazari (Department of Management, College of Humanity Science, Yasouj Science…
Pages: 215-217
Mohammad Zafar Pour and Khosro Nazari (Department of Management, College of Humanity Science, Yasouj Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Yasouj, Iran)

Undoubtedly, paying attention to employee emotions in the organization is seen as an important issue in today's competitive markets and this requires the identification of the emotional state of employees and its effective management to control of the conflicts in the organization. One of the major factors that may cause the loss of human talent is the conflicts between employees and the manager. Accordingly, the present study examined the relationship between emotional intelligence components and organizational conflicts among employees working in the Agriculture Bank in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad Province. The research sample included 187 employees, of whom 123 employees were selected as the participants using the Morgan Table. The statistical methods used in this study were Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Spearman correlation coefficient, mean, variance, and standard deviation. In addition, the data were analyzed at 0.05 significance level using SPSS Software Package. The results of inferential statistics showed that of emotional intelligence components, self-management was ranked the highest than the other components among the participants. In addition, the conflict with the boss was the most significant conflicting factor. The most important finding of the study indicated that there is a significant relationship between emotional intelligence components (self-awareness, self-management, social awareness, relationship management) and organizational conflict (conflict with the boss and conflict with subordinates).
Pages: 215-217 Mohammad Zafar Pour and Khosro Nazari (Department of Management, College of Humanity Science, Yasouj…
Pages: 212-214
Farnoosh Jabbehdari (Preschool Education, Arsanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arsanjan, Iran)
Jahangir Mehrafsha and Soghra Ostovar (Department of Educational Sciences, Arsanjan Branch Islamic Azad University, Arsanjan, Iran)

Variable of academic success for more than three decades ago, has been training specialists. Numerous research finding shave shown that academic achievement of knowledge structures and environmental and situational factors such as motivational orientations and learning strategies are affected. In educational theory, motivation is a key concept to different interpretations such as student motivation, learning motivation, motivation has been used. Although experts have always to distinguish these terms of activities, including the learning motivation is meant to be meaningful, worthwhile educational activities for learning are defined. Since the vast developments in the field of computer and communications major changes in different are as of human life is to be followed. In recent years, information and communication technologies have the greatest effect on human life. Smart School is to create a school environment and improve teaching, learning and school management system is designed to train students inquiring. Smart school students and learners are responsible for the learning process. The school's curriculum is limited and students are allowed to move beyond their lesson plans. The school is student-centeredteaching method son. Do the research and such research could be a long step to ward improving achievement and student achievement is the result. The comparison between the conventional school and new school features a smart and intelligent survey which helps estimate the likely success. A casual study (comparison), which is made possible through afield study. Population, all fifth and sixth grade students in regular schools and the intelligent are a city that in 2014had been studying.
Pages: 212-214 Farnoosh Jabbehdari (Preschool Education, Arsanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arsanjan, Iran) Jahangir Mehrafsha and Soghra…
Pages: 206-211
Waheed Chaudhry, Anwaar Mohyuddin and Muhammad Sulaman Ijaz (Department of Anthropology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan)

This anthropological research is an attempt to investigate how Sardar (feudal) and Sardari Nizam (feudal system) is creating impediments in access to education for the local people of their area. This research paper explains how ghost schools, evzi system, cheating in examinations, nepotism and corruption are being practiced under the supervision of local Vadayrasand Sardars. Vadayras create such sort of hurdles to get their benefits and to suppress the layman. A glimpse of the hierarchy of the Sardari System of Marri tribe in district Kohlu of Balochistan is also presented here. The research was conducted in the city area of district Kohlu. Different anthropological, qualitative data collection methods were used to collect empirical data. The technique of triangulation was used to verify the data. The study highlighted the major impediment of getting education created by Sardars and Vadayras in detail. Finally, there are some suggestions to overcome all these impediments.
Pages: 206-211 Waheed Chaudhry, Anwaar Mohyuddin and Muhammad Sulaman Ijaz (Department of Anthropology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad…
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