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Pages: 390-394
Bhavjot (Department of Public Administration, Punjabi University, Patiala)

Disaster Management is an effort to inquire into the process of a hazard turning to disaster to identify its causes and rectify the same through public policy with minimising and preventing the damaging impact of a natural or manmade hazard. India has been traditionally vulnerable to natural disasters on account of its unique geo-climatic conditions. Floods, droughts, cyclones, earthquakes and landslides have been recurrent phenomena. Disaster is a sudden and unfortunate event that brings with it great damage, loss, destruction and devastation to human life as well as property and also hampers the ongoing developmental projects in a particular area being affected by the disaster. The damage caused by disasters is immeasurable and varies with the geographical location, climate and the type of the earth surface/degree of vulnerability. India is vulnerable to wind storms spawned in the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea, earthquakes caused by active crustal movement in the Himalayan mountains, floods brought by monsoons, and droughts in the country's arid and semi-arid areas. Sometimes disasters can also cause huge loss of life and property. This influences the mental, socio-economic, political and cultural state of the affected area. Disaster management occupies an important place in this country's policy framework as it is poor and the under-privileged who are worst affected on account of disasters. Disaster management forces can help by removing people and property from a threatened location and by facilitating timely and effective rescue, relief and rehabilitation at the place of disaster. Sustainable Development preparedness can reduce hazard. There is need to link disaster management and development plans. Planned improvement in legal framework and bringing community consciousness is needed.

Pages: 390-394Bhavjot (Department of Public Administration, Punjabi University, Patiala)

Pages: 386-389
Anwaar Mohyuddin and Mahvish Farooq (Department of Anthropology, Quaid i Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan)

The paper deals with the symbolic representation of red color among natives of Rawalakot. A district in state of Azad Kashmir. The main objectives of this study were to investigate the significance of culture in the ways people establish the meaning of red color, what role the self and socio-cultural influence play in an individual's interpretation and establishment of meaning of red color, and to know about physical and mental effects of red color with joy, happiness, love, depression, celebrations etc.. In this paper an attempt has been made to understand that how people culturally attached with red color and symbolize their lives with it. Colors are considered not in isolation, but they are mainly studied in contrasting pairs or in sequences. Researchers found that a specific color could have different associations in different conditions, and that generally the associations are more abstract than concrete. The present study focused on the use of colors in a specific culture, and results will show that one color may imply different meanings at the same place, and this makes us to understand on how colors are construed in cross cultural diversity This paper deals with the ways how a specific color (red) conveys meanings in two primary ways - natural associations and psychological symbolism. The qualitative anthropological techniques were used to collect empirical data.

Pages: 386-389Anwaar Mohyuddin and Mahvish Farooq (Department of Anthropology, Quaid i Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan)

Pages: 383-385
Mustafa Nadeem Kirmani and Mohammed Anus (Department of Psychology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh)

The education system in India primarily focuses on teaching students just academic and literacy aspects of life. Increasing knowledge base is the core goal of education in Indian schools and colleges. The purpose of education has been to acquaint students with basic knowledge of languages, social and basic sciences, and mathematics. Spiritual and religious base value education has been ignored in the contemporary education system. Educationists and psychologists have realized that the education in schools and colleges need to be broadened and should include teaching and training the positive behavioral skills which are adaptive for everyday living. The World Health Organization has also emphasized on teaching school and college students the basic skills of life known as life skills. Emergence of positive psychology has also shifted the focus of education toward teaching and training in positive psychological states like happiness, gratitude, forgiveness and spirituality. This is often known as positive schooling. Gratitude and forgiveness are also the values cherished by the major religions of the world like Islam, Hinduism, and Christianity. Research has shown that gratitude and forgiveness in people are associated with well-being and happiness. The current paper will focus on interventions which will increase gratitude in school and college going students. There is also a need to incorporate these concepts in school and college curriculum to enhance well-being of students. There is also a need to place professional counselors and psychologist in schools and colleges for imparting training in these values to students.

Pages: 383-385Mustafa Nadeem Kirmani and Mohammed Anus (Department of Psychology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar…

Pages: 378-382
Amna Anwar (MA. Globalisation and Development, Institute of Development Studies (IDS), University of Sussex, United Kingdom)

The perception along with the manner of food consumption has been a rapidly changing phenomenon. Compared to a few decades ago, the cost of food items have gone up due to which, there is convenient availability of food from regions that consumers previously could not have imagined to receive food from. This paper talks about the emerging and established transnational organizations, such as the World Trade Organization, which have been actively involved into the global food chain systems. They make the production and distribution of food items around different parts of the world a well defined mechanism, ensuring food security.

Pages: 378-382Amna Anwar (MA. Globalisation and Development, Institute of Development Studies (IDS), University of Sussex…

Pages: 374-377
Smita Mohanty (District Sub-Registrar, Dhenkanal, Odisha)

The study followed a 2x2 factorial design of research factor I refers to sector and factor 2 refers to level of employees. Executives and Non-executives from Public and Private Sector organization (N=240) responded to emotional intelligence and coping styles tests. Results showed significant differences between sector and level. The Private sector executives exhibited greater degree of emotional intelligence and more positive coping styles than the other three groups. It was also observed that EI is correlated with coping behaviour. Emotionally intelligent people showed higher degree of cognitive appraisal than others.

Pages: 374-377Smita Mohanty (District Sub-Registrar, Dhenkanal, Odisha)

Pages: 370-373
Hoori Nadir (Research Scholar, Kolhan University, Chibasa)
G. Vijaylakshmi (Department of Commerce, Karim City College, Jamshedpur)
Zaki Akhtar (Department of Psychology, Karim City College, Jamshedpur)

Last decade laid emphasis on micro finance, the micro financial institutions and self help groups. The paper highlights the impact of micro financial institutions, leaders in the micro finance field can no longer be complacent and assume that current program services are automatically empowering the poor and weaker section of society. The current paper is a overview of the wider SHG bank linkage movement in India, private MFIs have had limited outreach. However, we have seen a recent trend of larger micro finance institutions transforming into Non-Bank Financial Institutions (NBFCs). This changing face of micro finance in India appears to be positive in terms of the ability of micro finance to attract more funds and therefore increase outreach. Large banks are also tie-up with SHGs. In overall terms an organizational structure will help them achieve more trans parencey and efficiency. It is also be seen that males and females are taking loans from MFI,s and Banks to start their own small enterprises. These small enterprises gave the weaker section the control over their earning and healthy and nutritional living standards. A more refined model of micro-credit delivery has evolved lately, which emphasizes the combined delivery of financial services along with technical assistance, and agricultural business development services. When compared to the wider SHG bank linkage movement in India, private MFIs have had limited outreach. However, we have seen a recent trend of larger micro finance institutions transforming into Non-Bank Financial Institutions (NBFCs). This changing face of micro finance in India appears to be positive in terms of the ability of micro finance to attract more funds and therefore increase outreach

Pages: 370-373Hoori Nadir (Research Scholar, Kolhan University, Chibasa)G. Vijaylakshmi (Department of Commerce, Karim City College…

Pages: 365-369
Vineetha C. B. (Head of Language Teaching Research, LAMED Center for
Interdisciplinary Research on Language Acquisition and Allied Sciences)
Arun Kumar A. (Chief Ideator, LAMED, Chennai )

Foreign language learning depends on the motivation of students. We aimed at augmenting the intrinsic motivation using motivational interviewing (MI) technique based on the trans-theoretical model of change. Engaging, focusing, evoking and planning were the underlying rationales in this technique that focused on developing a therapeutic relationship with teacher and engage in collaborative decision making. From January 2013 to December 2013, we developed and field-tested this technique in a private language institute in South India. Between July 2014 and December 2014, the strategy was tested in French (N=20, Males=12, Females=8) and Spanish(N=31, Male=14; Females=17). The technique focused on group and individual interviewing during the 100-hour class (baseline, midline and end-line). Individual interviews to ascertain the motivation levels and the value attached to the language were done at the beginning of the course followed by mid line group and individual motivational interviewing. The motivation levels were examined at the end line individual interviewing after the course based on the desire to continue to next level. The attrition rate of the students was measured. Field notes were also collected and qualitatively analyzed.Results revealed that students developed more confidence with higher retention rates (attrition less than 5%). Motivation in foreign language learning can be increased using motivational interviewing. Language teachers can integrate this technique in their classrooms. The long term implications in learning require exploration.

Pages: 365-369Vineetha C. B. (Head of Language Teaching Research, LAMED Center forInterdisciplinary Research on Language…

Pages: 357-364
Vani Kakar (National University of Educational Planning and Administration, MHRD, Government of India)
Nanki Oberoi (The Bitty Oberoi Foundation, Noida, U.P.)

The aim of this theoretical paper is to describe the current situation of Counseling practices in schools within the Indian context. The goal is to bring out the neglected aspect of psychological health and well-being of students, which the current schooling practices seem to be out of sync with. Bridging the gap between the disciplines of psychology, philosophy and education, the discussion comprehensively brings together the Habermasian conceptualization of communicative action and public sphere. This becomes relevant for kick starting a necessary discourse in the area of Counseling and mental health practices in the school setting. The paper acknowledges the lack of a much needed effectual, legally binding mental health policy within the context of a school setting, and consequently discusses implications for policy and brings together the conclusive topics of a much needed potential debate in this arena.

Pages: 357-364Vani Kakar (National University of Educational Planning and Administration, MHRD, Government of India)Nanki Oberoi…

Pages: 351-356
Aditi Sharma (Department of Psychology, The IIS University, Jaipur, Rajasthan)

Organizational Citizenship Behaviour (OCB) has been explored and researched by scholars for more than twenty five years and it continues to be an area of interest for researchers. OCB has been defined in the literature as a multi dimensional concept that comprises all positive behaviours that are relevant for the organization which include traditional in-role behaviours, organizationally relevant extra-role behaviours, and political behaviours like full and responsible participation in the organizational things. This paper is an effort to understand the meaning, nature and scope of OCB and to study the various dimensions and antecedents of OCB. The paper gives detailed discussion on the five dimensions of OCB and the antecedents referring to other dimensions of OCB given by various researchers from time to time.

Pages: 351-356Aditi Sharma (Department of Psychology, The IIS University, Jaipur, Rajasthan)

Pages: 346-350
Juhi Naveed and Anwaar Mohyuddin (Department of Anthropology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan)
Mamonah Ambreen (DNFCE, Allama Iqbal Open Univetsity, Islamabad, Pakistan)

The relationship between the philosophy of Pakistan and religious beliefs Islam has been the only reason behind the development of the country. Islamic lessons and concepts provide the code of life for Muslims. The development of a viable and flourish community requires that Islamic knowledge is delivered to the public, particularly females who are the contractors of the community. Females have been definitely playing getting Islamic knowledge due to the recent Islamic knowledge motions specially targeted to attract women of towns that belong to educated, wealthy families. Institutions like Al Huda International, Minhajul Quran, and Mawrid are pulling in individuals from well versed classes incorporating specialists, designs, educators, and individuals from all kinds of different backgrounds. Huda International is one of the religious establishments, which have amalgamated old and new types of information, and have pulled in ladies from center and privileged societies of the urban populace. The goal of Huda, guided by the organizer and holder, Farhat Hashmi, is to teach ladies having a place with distinctive callings and teaching them about Islamic teachings and rehearses for the purpose that our social order may flourish and thrive.

Pages: 346-350Juhi Naveed and Anwaar Mohyuddin (Department of Anthropology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan)Mamonah Ambreen (DNFCE…

Pages: 343-345
Renuka Joshi (Department of Psychology, DAV PG College, Dehradun)
Anjali Sharma (Faculty of Arts, Pacific Academy of Higher, Education and Research University, Udaipur)

The investigation was undertaken to study relationship between achievement motivation and aptitude in relation to personality among adolescents. A sample of 120 students of Pine Hall School Dehradun was drawn with the help of sampling technique. DBDA-NA and DBDA-MA Aptitude test by Sanjay Vohra (1992) was used to study numerical and mechanical aptitude of subject. The Neymen-Kohilstedt test was used to assess personality pattern of the subject and achievement motivation scale by Pratibha Deo and Asha Mohan (2011) was used to know the level of achievement motivation among adolescents. Raw data was tabulated and statistically treated to draw inferences and conclusions. The result revealed that Achievement motivation was positively related to Mechanical ability and numerical ability. It means if any subject is highly motivated to achieve his or her predetermined objective then he will obviously perform better in mechanical and numerical tests.

Pages: 343-345Renuka Joshi (Department of Psychology, DAV PG College, Dehradun)Anjali Sharma (Faculty of Arts, Pacific…

Pages: 335-342
Nida Zakaria (Department of Mass Communication, Mewar University, Chittorgarh, Rajasthan)

With the increase in the number of internet users in the country, e-commerce or e.-marketing embraces a bright future to its name. Myntra, Flipkart, Snapdeal, Amazon, Limeroad etc are some of the online marketing sites offering a wide range of products with attractive discounts and sales. Looking at the spectacular scope in e-commerce many of the companies are going digital and extending their business through the web portals. Here it becomes important to study the buying behavior pattern of the consumers and their choices, preferences and needs as well. An empirical study was conducted among the consumers of different cities to study the psycho social consequence of online shopping. The present paper examined the behavioral patterns of the online shoppers and highlights the factors influencing consumers to shop online. The sample was collected from the working and the non working groups of women. It consisted of 200 women (100working + 100 non working) of Jamshedpur. A set of questionnaire was constructed and standardized for the purpose of data collection.. Purposive sampling technique was applied for the present study. Mean, S.D and t test were applied for the analysis of data obtained. The result reveals a significance of difference between working and non working women in online shopping.

Pages: 335-342Nida Zakaria (Department of Mass Communication, Mewar University, Chittorgarh, Rajasthan)
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