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Pages: 166-170
Swati Jain and Nimisha Kumar (Centre for Early Childhood Development & Research, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi)

This paper attempts to take a brief overview of historical developments in education at the global as well as national level and in that context then aims to look at Gandhi's educational and philosophical views. The relation between Ahimsa, which is the cornerstone of Gandhi's philosophy, and well-being would be considered in keeping with Gandhi's views on education. Gandhi's philosophy of education aimed at transforming individuals to be responsible citizens who would contribute to the well-being of the society and also build individual character. The Gandhian model of social reconstruction aims at enhancing the character and overall development of individuals and nurture cultural development. One can conclude that the Gandhian perspective focuses on the holistic development of the individual by focusing on education as a basic fundamental right.

Pages: 166-170Swati Jain and Nimisha Kumar (Centre for Early Childhood Development & Research, Jamia Millia…

Pages: 158-165
Shadma Absar (National University of Educational Planning and Administration, New Delhi )

Leadership behaviour and effectiveness are influenced by how leadership is perceived by other social players, for example peers, superiors, followers or subordinates. The aim of the present study was to find perceptions of teachers about their department heads. 120 University teachers were selected randomly from a university in Delhi. Out which 40 teachers were selected each from social science, Basic Science and professional science courses. The Multi factor Leadership Questionnaire, Work Motivation and Organizational Commitment questionnaire were administered for measuring the perceived leadership style, work motivation and organizational Commitment of University teachers. The socio demographic information of participants was also collected. The results revealed that the university teachers perceived their heads' behaviour to be more oriented towards transformational leadership. The teachers of professional science courses perceive their heads as transformational leaders, in comparison to social science and basic science teachers. The perceived leadership style was found correlated significantly positively with the work motivation but not with organizational commitment. Leadership perceptions were found to influence work motivation more in comparison to organisational commitment

Pages: 158-165Shadma Absar (National University of Educational Planning and Administration, New Delhi )

Pages: 154-157
M. Rajendra Nath Babu and Lungsang Zeliang (Department of Education, Nagaland University, Kohima Campus, Nagaland)

Education as a social institution is a boon to humankind for prosperity, progress and peace. Value oriented education gives the virtuous inner motives and actions and the inner consciousness from which more actions emerge as outer actions in human life. Education with socialistic, humanistic values in the existing society is inseparable from value oriented education. The main purpose of the study is to know the attitude of professional college students towards value oriented education with respect to locality and management. The sample for the investigation which consisted of 320 professional college students in Y.S.R. Kadapa district was selected through the stratified random sampling technique. Mean, SD, t-test were used to analyze the data. From the results it shows that locality has no significant influence and management has significant influence on the attitude of professional college students towards value oriented education.

Pages: 154-157M. Rajendra Nath Babu and Lungsang Zeliang (Department of Education, Nagaland University, Kohima Campus…

Pages: 150-153
Shayani Sengupta and Rama Shankar Yadav (Department of Psychology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh)

This study aims to explore the understanding of the concept of work-family conflict among teachers in the Indian academic context. Semi-structured interviews were used to investigate the meaning, antecedents and consequences of work-family conflict. Further, the roles of organizations, co-workers and government to reduce work-family conflict were also analyzed. A sample of 13 teachers from West Bengal and Uttar Pradesh was drawn. Content and thematic analyses of the responses were done. It was revealed from the interviews that the majority of the participants perceived work-family conflict as a state of misbalance between work and family domains. The major antecedents of work-family conflict include scarcity of time and mismatch of personal ambitions, expectations from others and role ambiguity. The major consequences of work-place are stress, discontentment, alienation from family and work, lack of work-life balance. The study ultimately suggests possible methods to reduce work family conflict at four level, Government level, organizational level, colleague level and self level.

Pages: 150-153Shayani Sengupta and Rama Shankar Yadav (Department of Psychology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar…

Pages: 145-149
Manpreet Kaur, Navdeep Aggarwal, and Mohit Gupta (Department of School of Business Studies, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab)

This study focused combining two popular investment strategies viz., financial statement analysis and momentum strategy with focus on low book-to-market stocks. In order for the result to be practically useful all sorts of transaction costs as well as the trade restrictions were duly incorporated. Using a combination of Mohanram (2005) and Jegadeesh and Titman (1993) framework among low book-to-market stocks, it was found that financial statement analysis helped identifying such stocks among low book-to-market stocks which produce significant excess returns across holding periods of 3, 6, and 12 months. On combining this strategy with pure momentum, significant improvement in returns were seen across 3 and 6 months formation period for all holding periods of 3, 6, and 12 months. Significant Jensen's Alpha figures corroborated these results. However, for 12 months formation period, the value addition by momentum declined and became negative for 12 months holding period. This shows a combination of financial statement analysis and momentum among low book-to-market stocks can bring significant improvement in returns; the results however are restricted to short formation periods only.

Pages: 145-149Manpreet Kaur, Navdeep Aggarwal, and Mohit Gupta (Department of School of Business Studies, Punjab…

Pages: 140-144
Nancy (JIMS, School of Education Jagannath University, Jhajjar, Haryana)

SUPW (Socially Useful Productive Work) is very close to the concept of basic education, given by Mahatma Gandhi, according to which education in and through work is important. SUPW is a prevocational subject at secondary school level that enables students to become self-reliant. But still the subject suffers from ineffective implementation as well as gender stereotypes constrain in the society. The choice of activities for SUPW is mostly different in case of boys and girls. The study clearly proves the prevalence of gender stereotypes in the mind-sets of students that is not only affecting their choice of vocations but also attitude towards the subject like SUPW. Repetitive and traditional activities performed under SUPW are making the subject very boring and burden on the students. Concept clarity about the real meaning of SUPW is required in students' .The roots of the subject need strengthening and improvisation by transformation of activities under it; to achieve the goal of work centred education and experiential learning irrespective of gender stereotypes.

Pages: 140-144Nancy (JIMS, School of Education Jagannath University, Jhajjar, Haryana)

Pages: 136-139
Varun Sharma (MBA (HR) Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Pune, Maharashtra)
R.P. Juyal (Department of Economcs, N.A.S. College, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh)

Marital satisfaction is an essential element for successful family life and personal growth. The fulfillment and positive development will be possible only when the relationship between couples is coherent and satisfactory. In a society like India, the active engagement of women in the employment sector and their dual role has significant correlation with the marital satisfaction. Different factors have significant influence on the occupational stress like marital satisfaction, personality of the partner, nature of job, child rearing responsibility, sexual satisfaction and communication patterns are some of the examples. The present study was based on 2x2 factorial design which has focused on the marital satisfaction and occupational stress. For this purpose 160 (80 male & 80 female) bank employees, from both private and government banks of western UP, have been selected for the study using purposive sampling procedure. Data collection was done by using questionnaires, which includes occupational stress scale and marital satisfaction scale. The obtained data were analyzed with ANOVA. Findings of this study indicated that level of marital satisfaction significantly influence the level of occupational stress, whereas gender does not seem to contribute in occupational stress. But the interaction of gender and marital satisfaction present a significant picture related to the word of work.

Pages: 136-139Varun Sharma (MBA (HR) Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Pune, Maharashtra)R.P. Juyal (Department of Economcs, N.A.S…

Pages: 133-135
Ravindra Kumar (Research Scholar, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan)

It is always a word in mostly is misunderstood in our society that what is their aim to misadvertise the work and role of RSS. It is said by those who have their motives in the politics. But in this article is going to introduce you what is RSS really doing to development for the society. I want to ask those people who always cities the RSS activity and compare with “Taliban, Bhagwa Atankwad,” etc. I want to say that in every sphere of life and social development of each and every activity in India Rastriya swam sevak Singh is playing a very important role to developing the nation. I am unable to define all the activity but I am trying to highlighting some of the “ sewa prakalp” (social development projects) which running in India. Patriotic activity and social, educational, intellectually making india for 90 years.

Pages: 133-135Ravindra Kumar (Research Scholar, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan)

Pages: 127-132
Habibullah Ansari (Division of Social Psychology, A N Sinha Institute of Social Studies, North-West Gandhi Maidan, Patna, Bihar)

There is a popular perception and apprehension that society is changing very fast and children are becoming more independent, outgoing, less respecting their elders, adopting the western cultures and by that way they are losing the Indian values. There is a debate among the social psychologists and sociologists about the nature and pace of social change and about erosion of Indian traditional values. Whether the Indian cultures, society and values are really changing or it is only media hype? However, there is an agreement among the majority of Indian social scientists that though there is a change in the fashion, technology, life styles, markets, education etc but the spirit of the Indian traditional values are still intact but there is a common doubt that whether it will be intact in future or not? Forces of social change such as globalisation, urbanisation, migration, higher education, employment etc. will impact the Indian values. Thus, there is need to protect and preserve the existing social institutions such as family, neighbourhoods, kinships, role of elderly and many institutionalised behavioural patterns such as respect and services to the elderly, parents, widows, disabled, unemployed etc in the society. This paper based on review of research, analyses the role of traditional social institutions for inculcating, preserving and strengthening values among the Indian children from the psychological point of view.

Pages: 127-132Habibullah Ansari (Division of Social Psychology, A N Sinha Institute of Social Studies, North-West…

Pages: 123-126
Shailja Rana (Department of Psychology, Keshav Mahavidyalaya, Delhi)
N. K. Chadha (Deparment of Psychology, University of Delhi, Delhi)

Job Satisfaction has been the focus of study for several researchers. This paper aims to compare the job satisfaction of managers based on the selection method used to hire them in the organization. Further, an attempt has been made to compare the job satisfaction of managers based on their marital status, work experience an years of education. The sample used for the study includes managerial level employees working in private sector with 6 months to 2 years of work experience, in order to minimize practice effects. Brayfield and Rothe's Index of Overall Job Satisfaction (1951) has been used to measure the job satisfaction of the managers. The results of the investigation have been discussed.

Pages: 123-126Shailja Rana (Department of Psychology, Keshav Mahavidyalaya, Delhi)N. K. Chadha (Deparment of Psychology, University…

Pages: 116-122
Kumkum Pandey and Deepa Vinay (Department of Family Resource Management College of Home Science, G.B.P.U.A. & T., Pantnagar, Uttrakhand)

Present investigation was done to test the knowledge of employees working in different industries. With this aim preliminary 140 items were collected and developed pertaining to the principles of ergonomics. Items which were nonspecific, redundant, vague and repetitive were rejected. This method led to a reduction of 74 items that means 66 items were discarded from the test. Thereafter content validity was done which also led to the reduction of items to 47. Again after getting the expert's opinion on the items of test index of item difficulty, index of item discrimination, index of item validity, point biserial and reliability were worked out. Finally ergonomic test contains 21 items where whole test was divided into three parts as work, worker and workplace. In work category there was 7 items, worker category contains 8 items and workplace category contains 6 items. To administer the knowledge test a respondent is given one mark for each correct answer and zero for each wrong answer. The total score of the respondents on all items of the test is taken on the basis of their knowledge score and the respondents may be categorized in to three groups having low, medium and high level of knowledge about ergonomic principles. Respondents who will score between 0-7 will be falls under the category of low level of ergonomics knowledge, followed by medium (8-14) and high level of knowledge (15-21) about ergonomics principles.

Pages: 116-122Kumkum Pandey and Deepa Vinay (Department of Family Resource Management College of Home Science…

Pages: 108-115
Devansh Gupta (Symbiosis Law School, Pune, Maharashtra)

Foreign Direct Investment is an investment by a foreign Enterprise into any country other than its home country. FDI plays an important role in the growth and dynamics of a country. The development of a country depends upon the FDI inflow. FDI brings advancement in technology, increases production, increases capital inflow and introduces better managerial practices, etc. It also leads to export growth and industrial development. Small domestic enterprises also benefit from the incoming of FDI. India took its first step towards liberalization in 1991 after which FDI inflows increased substantially as compared to previous decades. This article talks about the inflow of FDI in India from 1981 to April 2016. This period has been divided into three sections- Pre-reform period (1981-1990) Post-reform period (1991-92, 2008-09) and the Recent period (April, 2010-2016). It shows the inflow of FDI and sectoral change in the FDI inflow during the pre-reform, post-reform and recent period. The various policy measures and steps taken by the government to increase FDI inflows in India during the post-reform period and government's recent policies and incentives being given to the foreign investors to increase FDI inflow is also a part of the article. The positive and negative impacts of FDI on India and its economy are also discussed in the paper.

Pages: 108-115Devansh Gupta (Symbiosis Law School, Pune, Maharashtra)
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