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Pages: 219-221
Deepika (Department of Psychology, Lady Irwin College, University of Delhi, Delhi)

Inclusion is a step further in main streaming as it presents a means "by which a school attempts to respond to all pupils as individuals by reconsidering and structuring its curricular organization and provision and allocating resources to enhance equality of opportunity to ALL. Through this process, the school builds its capacity to accept all pupils from the local community who wish to attend and in doing so reduces the need to exclude pupils".Leaner diversity means having student with different types of learning styles and needs. Diversity has many dimensions including significant individual and group differences in culture, ethnicity, gender, previous educational experiences, optimal modes of learning and groups of students with unique sorts of challenges as socio-economically disadvantaged, English language learners and students with disabilities. An evidence based practice can be defined as an instructional strategy, intervention or teaching program that has resulted in consistent positive results when experimentally tested (Mesibov & Shea, 2015; Simpson, 2009). Teaching practices also include the behavior management strategies. Present article is an endeavor, to emphasize the criteria and selecting the parameters of assessing how a strategy be considered as an evidence based for children with special needs in inclusion.

Pages: 219-221Deepika (Department of Psychology, Lady Irwin College, University of Delhi, Delhi)

Pages: 215-218
Mohammad Akram (Department of Psychology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh)
Mohd. Ilyas Khan (Department of Psychology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh )

Stress is a part of life and has become an important issue in academic environment as well as in our culture. The primary goal of present study was to examine the gender differences on dimensions of academic stress among adolescents. Academic stress among adolescents has long been researched on, and researchers have identified different stressors. The study further tries to make an in depth investigation in each dimension of academic stress such as inadequate academic environment in college/university, lack of adjustment, apprehensive about future, poor administration and worries. Academic Stress questionnaire developed by Akram, Khan, and Baby (2013) was used to collect data in which 400 (200 male & 200 female) adolescents from senior secondary schools participated. In the present study, the findings indicate that male and female were significantly differed on overall academic stress while they were not differed on dimensions of academic stress.

Pages: 215-218Mohammad Akram (Department of Psychology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh)Mohd. Ilyas Khan (Department…

Pages: 211-214
Rupika Chopra, Shakuntla Punia, and Santosh Sangwan (Department of Human Development and Family Studies
I. C. College of Home Science, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana)

Social support is a range of interpersonal relationships that have an impact on the individual's functioning and generally includes support satisfaction. The present study was undertaken on 460 adolescents, i.e., 113 adolescents studying in university and 347 adolescents studying in school of 11th and 12th standard from Hisar district of Haryana state from the age group of 16 to 17 years. Social Support Questionnaire (SSQ) developed by Sarson et al. (1987) was used to assess the social support of adolescents. Results found that female adolescents received more social support in terms of quantity (SSQN) and were more satisfied than their counterparts. Results further exposed that the adolescents who joined extra coaching classes got more social support in terms of quantity (SSQN) from non family members also as compared to the adolescents who did not joined any extra coaching classes.

Pages: 211-214Rupika Chopra, Shakuntla Punia, and Santosh Sangwan (Department of Human Development and Family StudiesI…

Pages: 207-210
Subhash Chander, Jatesh Kathpalia, and Vinod Kumari (Department of Sociology, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana)
V. P. Mehta (Department of Agriculture Economics, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana )

Rural indebtedness has deep roots in the country. The mounting burden of rural debt has crippled the rural economy. Agricultural strategies are mainly related to farmers with large land holdings. The facilities are not accessible to small and marginal farmers. These conditions adversely affected the small and marginal farmers as they are vulnerable to crop losses and price fall. They take loan to fulfill their agricultural and non-agricultural needs. Therefore, the issue of farmers' indebtedness becomes a matter of intense debate for whole of the country and as well as for Haryana. In this background, the present study was conducted to assess the status of farmers' indebtedness in the Southern region of Haryana State in detail. The results of the study indicate that an average amount of loan of Rs. 162087.00 was taken by respondents from institutional sources and non-institutional (Rs. 67865.00) for the purpose of agricultural and non-agricultural needs. It was suggested that respondents should be motivated for taking loan from institutional sources of loan and encouraged to adopt crop insurance scheme.

Pages: 207-210Subhash Chander, Jatesh Kathpalia, and Vinod Kumari (Department of Sociology, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana…

Pages: 202-206
Surender Kumar (School of Studies in Library & Information Science, Vikram University, Ujjain, Madhya Pradesh)

The study was conducted in eight universities of North-India zone on “evaluation of web page of library and information science departments with brilliant objectives. The primary data was collected from various web page of the university. Analysis revealed that fifty percent of the universities are provide information about departmental history on the websites and IT facilities. 100 percent universities provide information about the faculty members' name designation and qualifications followed by 75 percent universities providing information about Email IDs and phone numbers of the faculty members. Overwhelming majority of the universities provided the syllabus of BLISc followed by 62.5 percent MLISc and 33.3 percent course on the website, followed by 85.7 percent and 33.3 percent M. Phil.

Pages: 202-206Surender Kumar (School of Studies in Library & Information Science, Vikram University, Ujjain, Madhya…

Pages: 197-201
Surbhi Kumar (Department of Psychology, University of Delhi, Delhi)
Anavila Lochan (Shyama Prasad Mukherji College, University of Delhi, New Delhi )

Peace psychology is still an emerging domain on the larger sphere of psychology. The present paper tries to locate peace in psychology and education as it is gaining momentum in the research paradigm given the backdrop of increased violent and terrorist activities. Peace building and peacemaking are strategies that can be learned and thus including the concept of peace in the modern day pedagogical systems can prove to be very instrumental to come up with alternatives to conflicts at both individual and societal levels. We have further tried to evaluate and make some suggestions for peace education curriculum conceptualizing it in the Indian settings through a Gandhian perspective.

Pages: 197-201Surbhi Kumar (Department of Psychology, University of Delhi, Delhi)Anavila Lochan (Shyama Prasad Mukherji College…

Pages: 191-196
Sumangali Radhakrishnan (Department of Psychology, Jesus and Mary College, University of Delhi, Delhi)
Anavila Lochan (Department of Applied Psychology, Shyama Prasad Mukherji College University of Delhi, Delhi)

With the increasing pace of globalisation, the world is becoming smaller. It has become near impossible for human beings to live in the comfortable cocoons offered by their own communities, cultures, religions, and countries. Diversity in cultures and ethnicities often promote feelings of 'otherness' and misinterpretation of needs, values, intentions, and expectations of the other person resulting in disputes and subsequently aggrandizing feelings of hatred and contempt. Workplace settings are no exception to this. The present article reviews the concept of cultural intelligence and its implications in the organisational milieu. Right from negotiations to leadership, cultural intelligence has been found to be a critical skill, enhancing task performance and workplace adjustment in this multicultural environment.

Pages: 191-196Sumangali Radhakrishnan (Department of Psychology, Jesus and Mary College, University of Delhi, Delhi)Anavila Lochan…

Pages: 187-190
Mun Mun Das Biswas (Department of Education, Institute of Advanced Studies in Education Government of Tripura, Tripura)
Hillol Mukherjee (Department of Psychology, Institute of Advanced Studies in Education Government of Tripura, Tripura)
Binapani Saha (Department of Economics, Institute of Advanced Studies in Education Government of Tripura, Tripura)

Quality is contextual. In the educational context, quality is seen as a complex issue as education is concerned with human being. Human Beings' overall quality is largely depended upon the quality of education provided to them. And it is the role of the teaching community to take up the responsibility to impart quality education among the students. For the prosperity and integrity of nation, quality of teacher education is then an important aspect and it cannot be ignored because teachers' teaching competencies or quality of teaching too is dependent on the quality of teacher education. In the name of development of education, for access to maximum, self-financing teacher education institutions are mushrooming now-a-days. In a small state like Tripura within a couple of years many institutions have come forward to offer Teacher Education but how far the quantitative expansion has been accompanied a qualitative increase in teacher education is actually a big question. This paper attempts to discuss the strategies for quality enhancement in teacher education that help in designing the program in order to respond to global challenges, ensure a quality outcome so as to serve students of this small state in a better manner.

Pages: 187-190Mun Mun Das Biswas (Department of Education, Institute of Advanced Studies in Education Government…

Pages: 184-186
Bani Narula (Department of Psychology, D.A.V College, Sector 10, Chandigarh)

This paper provides a comprehensive overview of Flynn Effect and its possible explanations in today's world. An underlying quest among all of us keeps emerging that are we really more smarter than our parents and grandparents. Flynn Effect proposes that people today are getting smarter at skills that are more important in our society today, particularly abstract thinking. In the past century, our society has progressed from being agricultural to being industrial and is now information-based. As our society has progressed, people have become better at thinking in abstract, scientific terms. However, environmental changes resulting from modernization such as more intellectually demanding work, greater use of technology and smaller families have meant that a much larger proportion of people are more accustomed to manipulating abstract concepts such as hypotheses and categories than a century ago.

Pages: 184-186Bani Narula (Department of Psychology, D.A.V College, Sector 10, Chandigarh)

Pages: 180-183
Ramesh Sandhu (Department of Education, C. R. College of Education, Hisar, Haryana)

Engaging learning environment may be considered as the support system that creates such conditions in which students learn best. It caters to the unique learning needs of every student and develops social relationship for effective learning. Engaging learning environment consists of those structures, tools and community that inspire the learners to gain knowledge, skills and positive attitude which are required in this modern era. The objectives of this paper are to search the different components of engaging learning environment. There are several components of engaging learning environment, such as physical environment that support in developing effective learning environment, sharing of best practices among the teachers that help in enrichment of knowledge and skill, project based learning, effective use of modern technologies like electronic and online learning, social learning like group, peer and team interaction, international involvement in learning, both face to face and online. Thus, it can be concluded that learning environment must take into account the context that promote interaction and enable formal and informal learning. While different components like physical and temporal structure, tools, community and policy for learning have great impact on developing engaging leaning environment, however, their cumulative impact is much more powerful. In fact, effective learning environment is developed when these components get integrated into a seamless whole in which each component reinforces each other.

Pages: 180-183Ramesh Sandhu (Department of Education, C. R. College of Education, Hisar, Haryana)

Pages: 177-179
Isha Narang (Department of Management Studies, Mittal School of Business, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar, Punjab)

The advertisements are going to be on very high heights, but some are good, some are annoying, some are simply waste, but the marketers are trying hard to be there in the market. The market condition shifting from old age to new age, production to sales, sales to new dimensions of marketing and in current era, it's going to be specific to positioning. So, this is the piece of theoretical aspect presented in the form of view point, indicating the previous condition of the marketing concept and distribution of the products, which has now transformed into positioning concept alone somehow. The aim of the view point is to provide the direction to the marketing researcher to explore the new marketing of the current era.

Pages: 177-179Isha Narang (Department of Management Studies, Mittal School of Business, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar…

Pages: 171-176
Sumangali Radhakrishnan (Department of Psychology, Jesus and Mary College, University of Delhi, Delhi)

Motivating employees is one of the greatest issues concerning employers today. To succeed in today's globalised world, organisations require a competitive edge that can be provided only by a highly motivated workforce. Traditionally, managers have relied on the use of financial rewards to attract, motivate, and retain employees. However, in the past few years, attention has shifted to the use of non-financial rewards to engage employees and maximise organisational outcomes. This paper reviews writings that address non-financial rewards, its theoretical underpinnings and its relevance to the organisational outcomes. The review also summarises the different types of non-financial rewards under four categories, namely, learning and professional development opportunities, employee involvement programmes, rewards and recognition, and work-life balance aids. Implications for practitioners have been discussed.

Pages: 171-176Sumangali Radhakrishnan (Department of Psychology, Jesus and Mary College, University of Delhi, Delhi)
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