International Journal of Education and Management Studies (IJEMS) is an indexed, peer-reviewed and refereed journal published quarterly by the Indian Association of Health, Research, and Welfare (IAHRW). International Journal of
Education and Management Studies likely aims to promote research and
knowledge dissemination in the fields of education and management. Its
objectives include fostering academic discussions on innovative teaching
methodologies, educational policies, leadership strategies, human resource
management, and organizational behavior. The journal focuses on areas such as
pedagogy, curriculum development, educational psychology, business management,
entrepreneurship, and corporate governance. Its goals are to publish
high-quality, peer-reviewed research, encourage interdisciplinary
collaboration, and contribute to the practical application of education and
management theories for academic and professional growth. The journal is indexed with ProQuest, ProQuest Central, J-Gate, and National Academy of Agricultural Sciences (NAAS) Rating 4.58. IJEMS is being published regularly since 2011. For more details write to us to iahrw2019@gmail.com
Editor-in-Chief: Sunil Saini, PhD, Editorial Office: 1245/18, Moh. Sainian, Hisar, Haryana, India
Email: iahrw2019@gmail.com
Phone: 9255442103, 7988885490
Publisher: IAHRW Publications
ISSN: 2231-5632 (print version)
ISSN: 2321-3671 (electronic version)
Frequency: Quarterly (March, June, September and December)
Indexing: ProQuest, ProQuest Central, Index Copernicus International, J-Gate, Questia Library, Technion Israel Institute of Technology Library, National Academy of Agricultural Sciences (NAAS) Rating 4.58
CHIEF EDITOR
Sunil Saini, PhD
Indian Association of Health, Research and Welfare, Hisar, Haryana, India
EDITORS
David Bennett, PhD, Charisma University, USA S. C. Kundu, PhD, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar
B.K. Punia, PhD, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar
Mahesh Thakur, PhD, Karve Institute of Social Sciences, Pune
Jaspreet Kaur, PhD, Punjabi University, Patiala
Vandana Punia, PhD, GJUS&T, Hisar, Haryana
Munish Nagpal, PhD, Deputy Commissioner, Govt of Haryana
Sangeeta Trama, PhD, Punjabi University Patiala
Sandeep Singh, PhD, GJUS&T, Hisar, Haryana
Editor-in-Chief: Sunil Saini, PhD, Editorial Office: 1245/18, Moh. Sainian, Hisar, Haryana, India
Email: iahrw2019@gmail.com
Phone: 9255442103
Publisher: IAHRW
ISSN: 2231-5632 (print version)
ISSN: 2321-3671 (electronic version)
Frequency: Quarterly
Indexing: ProQuest, ProQuest Central, Index Copernicus International, J-Gate, Questia Library, Technion Israel Institute of Technology Library
Author’s guidelines:
International Journal of Education and Management Studies (IJEMS) is a peer-reviewed research journal published quarterly by Indian Association of Health, Research and Welfare. The IJEMS is indexed with ProQuest, J-Gate, etc. The journal welcomes the submission of manuscripts that meet the general criteria of scientific excellence in the area of Education, Psychology and Management Studies and other related fields. IJEMS is published Quarterly (March, June, September and December).
Manuscripts should be submitted in the format outlined in the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (6th edition) and should be sent via email at iahrw2010@gmail.com. The papers are reviewed by professional reviewers who have specialized expertise in the respective area, and to judge the quality of the paper in a time bound and confidential manner. The paper shall be review by double blind review process.
Permission
Authors wishing to include figures, tables, or text passages that have already been published elsewhere are required to obtain permission from the copyright owner(s) for both the print and online format and to include evidence that such permission has been granted when submitting their papers. Any material received without such evidence will be assumed to originate from the authors.
Online Submission
Please follow the hyperlink “Submit online” on the right and upload all of your manuscript files following the instructions given on the screen.
The title page should include:
• The name(s) of the author(s)
• A concise and informative title
• The affiliation(s) and address(es) of the author(s)
• The e-mail address, and telephone number(s) of the corresponding author
Abstract
Please provide an abstract of 150 to 250 words. The abstract should not contain any undefined abbreviations or unspecified references.
Keywords
Please provide 4 to 6 keywords which can be used for indexing purposes.
Main Text
Manuscripts should be submitted in Word.
Tables
Tables should be as per APA format
References
References should be as per APA format as follows
• Journal article
Panda, T., Lamba, V., Goyal, N., Saini, S., Boora, S., Cruz. (2018). Psychometric Testing in Schools. Indian Journal of Health and Wellbeing, 8(2), 213–245.
• Article by DOI
Slifka, M. K., & Whitton, J. L. (2000) Clinical implications of dysregulated cytokine production. Journal of Molecular Medicine, doi:10.1007/s001090000086
• Book
Calfee, R. C., & Valencia, R. R. (1991). APA guide to preparing manuscripts for journal publication. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
• Book chapter
O’Neil, J. M., & Egan, J. (1992). Men’s and women’s gender role journeys: Metaphor for healing, transition, and transformation. In B. R. Wainrib (Ed.), Gender issues across the life cycle (pp. 107–123). New York: Springer.
• Online document
Abou-Allaban, Y., Dell, M. L., Greenberg, W., Lomax, J., Peteet, J., Torres, M., & Cowell, V. (2006). Religious/spiritual commitments and psychiatric practice. Resource document. American Psychiatric Association.
https://web.archive.org/web/20100308014645/http://www.psych.org:80/edu/other_res/lib_archives/archives/200604.pdf. Accessed 25 June 2007.
Copyright form
Authors will be asked to transfer copyright of the article to the Publisher (or grant the Publisher exclusive publication and dissemination rights). This will ensure the widest possible protection and dissemination of information under copyright laws.
Proof reading
The purpose of the proof is to check for typesetting or conversion errors and the completeness and accuracy of the text, tables and figures. Substantial changes in content, e.g., new results, corrected values, title and authorship, are not allowed without the approval of the Editor. After online publication, further changes can only be made in the form of an Erratum, which will be hyperlinked to the article.
Ethical Guidelines for the author
• Authors should adhere to publication requirements that submitted work is original and has not been published elsewhere in any language. Work should not be submitted concurrently to more than one publication unless the editors have agreed to co-publication. If articles are co-published this fact should be made clear to readers.
• Copyright material (e.g. tables, figures or extensive quotations) should be reproduced only with appropriate permission and acknowledgement.
• Relevant previous work and publications, both by other researchers and the authors’ own, should be properly acknowledged and referenced.
• Data, text, figures or ideas originated by other researchers should be properly acknowledged and should not be presented as if they were the authors’ own
• All sources of research funding, including direct and indirect financial support, supply of equipment or materials, and other support (such as specialist statistical or writing assistance) should be disclosed.
• Authors should disclose the role of the research funder(s) or sponsor (if any) in the research design, execution, analysis, interpretation and reporting
• The research literature serves as a record not only of what has been discovered but also of who made the discovery. The authorship of research publications should therefore accurately reflect individuals’ contributions to the work and its reporting.
• In cases where major contributors are listed as authors while those who made less substantial, or purely technical, contributions to the research or to the publication are listed in an acknowledgement section, the criteria for authorship and acknowledgement should be agreed at the start of the project.
• Researchers should ensure that only those individuals who meet authorship criteria (i.e. made a substantial contribution to the work) are rewarded with authorship and that deserving authors are not omitted. Institutions and journal editors should encourage practices that prevent guest, gift, and ghost authorship.
• All authors should agree to be listed and should approve the submitted and accepted versions of the publication. Any change to the author list should be approved by all authors including any who have been removed from the list. The corresponding author should act as a point of contact between the editor and the other authors and should keep co-authors informed and involve them in major decisions about the publication (e.g. responding to reviewers’ comments).
• Authors should work with the editor or publisher to correct their work promptly if errors or omissions are discovered after publication.
• Authors should abide by relevant conventions, requirements, and regulations to make materials, reagents, software or datasets available to other researchers who request them. Researchers, institutions, and funders should have clear policies for handling such requests. Authors must also follow relevant journal standards. While proper acknowledgement is expected, researchers should not demand authorship as a condition for sharing materials.
• Authors should follow publishers’ requirements that work is not submitted to more than one publication for consideration at the same time.
• Authors should inform the editor if they withdraw their work from review, or choose not to respond to reviewer comments after receiving a conditional acceptance.
• Authors should respond to reviewers’ comments in a professional and timely manner.
• Appropriate approval, licensing or registration should be obtained before the research begins and details should be provided in the report (e.g. Institutional Review Board, Research Ethics Committee approval, national licensing authorities for the use of animals).
• If requested by editors, authors should supply evidence that reported research received the appropriate approval and was carried out ethically (e.g. copies of approvals, licences, participant consent forms).
• Researchers should not generally publish or share identifiable individual data collected in the course of research without specific consent from the individual (or their representative). Researchers should remember that many scholarly journals are now freely available on the internet, and should therefore be mindful of the risk of causing danger or upset to unintended readers (e.g. research participants or their families who recognise themselves from case studies, descriptions, images or pedigrees).
• The appropriate statistical analyses should be determined at the start of the study and a data analysis plan for the prespecified outcomes should be prepared and followed.
• Researchers should publish all meaningful research results that might contribute to understanding. In particular, there is an ethical responsibility to publish the findings of all clinical trials. The publication of unsuccessful studies or experiments that reject a hypothesis may help prevent others from wasting time and resources on similar projects. If findings from small studies and those that fail to reach statistically significant results can be combined to produce more useful information (e.g. by meta-analysis) then such findings should be published.
• Authors should supply research protocols to journal editors if requested (e.g. for clinical trials) so that reviewers and editors can compare the research report to the protocol to check that it was carried out as planned and that no relevant details have been omitted. Researchers should follow relevant requirements for clinical trial registration and should include the trial registration number in all publications arising from the trial.
Editor-in-Chief: Sunil Saini, PhD, Editorial Office: 1245/18, Moh. Sainian, Hisar, Haryana, India
Email: iahrw2019@gmail.com,
Phone: 9255442103
Publisher: IAHRW
ISSN: 2231-5632 (print version)
ISSN: 2321-3671 (electronic version)
Frequency: Quarterly
Indexing: ProQuest, ProQuest Central, J-Gate, Questia Library, Technion Israel Institute of Technology Library
Peer Review
All content of the International Journal of Education and Management Studies is subject to peer-review. The Editor first checks and evaluates the submitted manuscript, examining its fit and quality regarding its significance, manuscript format, research quality. If it is suitable for potential pubication, the Editor directs the manuscript for Plagiarism check, and the minimum similarity acceptable is below 20% without references. After that, editor directs the manuscript to two reviewers, with both being experts in the field. This journal employs double-blind review, wehre the author and referee remains anonymous througout the process. Referees are asked to avaluate whetehr the manuscript is original, makes a theoretical contribution to the study, methodoogy is sound, follos appropriate ethical guidelines, whether the results are clearly presented and sufficient supporting studies are given and support the conclusion. The time for evaluation is approximately one month. The Editor’s decision will be sent to the author with recommendations made by the referees. Revised manuscripts might be returned to the initial referees who may then request another revision of the manuscript. After both reviewer’s feedback, the Editor decides if the manuscript will be rejected, accepted with revision needed or accepted for publication. The Editor’s decision is final. Regerees advise the Editor, who is responsible for the final decision to accept or reject the article.
Compaint policy
We ain to respond to and resolve all complaints quickly. All complaints will be acknowledged within a week. For all matters related to the policies, procedures, editorial content, and actions of the editorial staff, the decision of the Editor-in-Chief shall be final. The procedure to make a complaint is easy. It can be made by writing an email to editor: iahrw@iahrw.org
Confict of Interest Policy
Transparency and objectiity in research are essential for publication in this journal. These principles are strictily followed in our peer review process and decision of publication. Manuscript submissions are assigned to reviewers in an effort to minimize potential conflicts of interest. After papers are assigned, individual reviewers are required to inform the editor-in-chief of any conflict.
Pages: 273-275 Entrepreneurship is the process of starting a business or other organization. The entrepreneur develops a business model structure, acquires the human and other required resources, and is fully responsible for its success or failure. Entrepreneurship operates within an entrepreneurship 'economic system or we can say ecosystem. In recent years, "entrepreneurship" has been extended from its origins in business to include social and political activity. Entrepreneurship within an existing firm or large organization has been referred to entrepreneurship and may include corporate ventures where large entities spin off subsidiary organizations. Entrepreneurs are leaders willing to take risk and exercise initiative, taking advantage of market opportunities by planning, organizing, and employing resources, often by innovating new or improving existing products. More recently, the term entrepreneurship has been extended to include a specific mindset resulting in entrepreneurial initiatives, e.g. in the form of social, political knowledge entrepreneurship. According to Paul Reynolds, founder of the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor "by the time they reach their retirement years, half of all working men in the United States probably have a period of self-employment of one or more years; one in four may have engaged in self-employment for six or more years. Participating in a new business creation is a common activity among U.S. workers over the course of their careers. In recent years, entrepreneurship has been claimed as a major driver of economic growth in both the United States and Western Europe. Likewise, the asian countries also exercise the entrepreneurship in order to promote the economic growth. Pages: 273-275Ajay Singh (Haryana School of Business, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar… |
Pages: 268-272 Haryana is predominantly a farming state involving 65% of population in agriculture directly or indirectly, in spite of recent industrial development. The state has achieved a notable growth in its agricultural sector, which made Haryana self reliant in food production. But, the farming community is vulnerable to various types of risks and uncertainty in terms of prices and yield of their product. In worst case scenario their entire effort may go waste in the event of a natural calamity. The weather conditions and market oriented environment in general happen to woeful to the stability of their income. The insurance is one the robust tool developed by economics to overcome the risk. But insurance is a financial product and required minimum awareness to get the understanding of its complexity. At present, crop insurance coverage in India is 23% only. States like Punjab, Haryana, Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh (western region) are low crop insurance coverage areas. The main reason for low coverage is farmers having little awareness about insurance schemes. They are not aware of how the scheme works. One reason for under-penetration of crop insurance in Haryana may be the most parts of the state are covered under irrigation facilities that protect farmers from conventional weather risks. To insulate farmers against risks in agriculture, government has launched several schemes such as National Agricultural Insurance Scheme and weather index based crop insurance schemes. Recently to stabilize the farm income and overcome the distress among farmers due to crop failure present Indian government has also taken number of steps to promote crop insurance among the farmers. In this process it has also launched a carefully designed crop insurance policy named as Pradhan Mantri Fasal BimaYojana which is accessible and economical to all variant of farmers. The coverage of insurance schemes seems to be limited among the farmers primarily due to lack of full information. In this paper, we have tried to examine about the awareness condition of the households regarding crop insurance. The study has reported the results of a survey of 567 farmers in Haryana conducted to assess their awareness level about various facets of crop insurance and its schemes. The paper also tried to explore the factors affecting farmers' decisions regarding crop insurance. The study found that awareness level of farmers about crop insurance is low due to lack of information. Pages: 268-272Anju Duhan and Ved Pal Sheera (Haryna School of Business, Guru Jambheshwar University of… |
Pages: 264-267 The study was conducted to measure the emotional intelligence and locus of control and their inter-relationship among adolescents. A comparison between male and female adolescents on the basis of emotional intelligence and locus of control was done. A sample of 400 adolescents (200 male, 200 female) adolescents were randomly selected. Mangal's emotional intelligence inventory and locus of control scale by Hasnain and Joshi were administered to the subjects, to measure the emotional intelligence as well as internal and external locus of control. It was found that females were having better emotional intelligence than the males; there was no difference between male and female on the variable of locus of control. Adolescents with high internal locus of control were having high emotional intelligence than the adolescents with external locus of control. Pages: 264-267Amrinder Kaur (Desh Bhagat University, Mandi Gobindgarh)Agyajit Singh (Department of Psychology, (Retd.) Punjabi University… |
Pages: 259-263 Mothers, whether they are working or non-working have direct influence on their children. Mother's influence is a significant factor for inculcating habits. She indirectly helps in developing self-concept, level of aspiration, and academic performance. This paper examines to explore the role of working mothers and non working mothers in the self-concept and emotional intelligence of their children in adolescent period. It is hypothesized that there is no significant correlation between self-concept and emotional intelligence of adolescent progeny of working and non-working women. As this research was exploratory in nature, a quantitative approach was adopted. The participants of the study were 500 adolescent progeny of working and non-working women from five districts (i.e., Sriganganagar, Hanumangarh, Bikaner, Jaipur, Sikar) of Rajasthan. The tools used in the study for data collection were Self-Concept Questionnaire (SCQ) developed by Kumar Saraswat, Mangal Emotional Intelligence Inventory developed by Mangal and Shubhra Mangal. The findings revealed that Self-Concept and Emotional Intelligence of adolescent progeny of working and non-working women are positively correlated. Emotional Intelligence is a significant predictor of Self-Concept. Pages: 259-263Neha Bishnoi (School of Education, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, Haryana) |
Pages: 251-258 Over the last two decades, organizational culture has become a buzzword in today's business life. The concept reflects the main norms, customs, traditions and tactics that both senior and junior employees share. Hence, it has become a main determinant for organizational current objectives and future orientation. As organizational commitment determines all employees-employer ties, this concept has attracted much attention in both academic and practical management arenas. Accordingly, and by using quantitative analysis, this study explores the relationship between organizational culture traits and organizational commitment approaches in the context of public primary schools in Menoufia, Egypt. Correlation and regression results show a strong positive association between the culture traits and approaches of organizational commitment. Pages: 251-258Mohamed Mousa (Estonian Business School, Tallinn, Estonia) |
Pages: 246-250 Selection in organizations has been an important and prominent issue since times immemorial. Though traditional methods of selection like interviews, competitive examinations, group discussions, curriculum vitae analysis, psychological tests etc. continue to be employed, a new trend to use online techniques of selection has begun. However, online technique of selection is quite new to India and very few research studies have been carried out in this field. This paper attempts to review the selection techniques being used in the contemporary period. Pages: 246-250Shailja Rana (Department of Psychology, Keshav Mahavidyalaya, University of Delhi, New Delhi)N. K. Chadha… |
Pages: 241-245 Cell telephones are not the best medium of connecting with every other but have end up medium for social interaction and additionally on the sale-purchase activity. They have end up necessity of life and also popularity symbol for the teenagers. Agencies are also taking advantage by advertising and with the aid of supplying products and services via cell apps. The present paper investigates the factors related to the perception of college students towards mobile advertisements. The study is based on primary data collected from a sample of 250 respondents from colleges of Hisar district of Haryana state. Suitable statistical tools like factor analysis have been used to analyse the data. The factor component analysis reveals seven factors named as: quality of services, familiarity with advertisements, cost, adoption of mobile advertisements, services and privacy. Component analysis discloses that student's cognizance greater on quality of services, cost and adoption of mobile ads while subscribing to any service provider. Furthermore respondents also reveal that fee is likewise the crucial component whilst transferring to some other provider as college students wants less expensive call cost/sec in addition to initial subscription cost. Pages: 241-245Suman Ghalawat and Amita Girdhar (Department of Business Management, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar… |
Pages: 239-240 Extension is one of the three major mandates of the CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar along with research and teaching. Krishi melas are major extension tool in transferring latest technologies to farming community for their overall welfare. It is gaining momentum over the years. A large amount of money and manpower has been involved in organizing this extension activity by the University twice every year (Rabi & Kharif). The study was conducted during Krishi melas (Rabi & Kharif) organized by Directorate of Extension Education, CCSHAU, Hisar at university campus during the year 2015-16. Randomly selected farmers (200 farmers) from the Krishi Melas were interview with the help of a well-structured interview schedule. About 17.5 per cent and 33 per cent of the respondents were fully satisfied and satisfied, respectively. Majority of the respondents (57.5 per cent) were willing to attend the next Krishi Melas. Most of the farmers suggested that latest high yielding varieties (HYV) of seeds should be available (61.50 per cent) and buzz session should be well planned with more duration (51 per cent). Many valuable suggestions were suggested by the farmers to enhance the utility of these melas as extension tool. Pages: 239-240Ashok Kumar (Assistant Director (Extension Education), CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana)Krishan Kumar (Joint… |
Pages: 236-238 The main objective of this paper to forward the idea that teaching reflectively is not only an excellent endeavour but it inculcates self directed professional development of teachers. By employing the elements of reflective teaching in lectures and tutorials, a teacher can encourage the participation of students in classroom discussion, differentiated instruction and learning and collaboration with colleagues, It has been established that an attitude of self-directed inquiry combined with elements of reflective teaching enable professional development. In thin paper, three areas have been focused: (i) How to encourage the participation of students in chartroom discussion. (ii) Differentiated instruction and teaching and (iii) Collaboration with colleagues. This paper has also focused on self-directed professional development and its benefits for teachers. The teacher can build practical or work-related knowledge in the three areas of professional practice mentioned above. Pages: 236-238Ramesh Sandhu (Department of Education, C. R. College of Education, Hisar, Haryana)Rakesh Sandhu (… |
Pages: 232-235 The paper mainly deals with the different factors of financing of accounts receivables in MSMEs in Haryana. This study presents the ranking of different financing options of account receivables at overall level and also according to the TOA (type of activity), FOO (form of organization) and SOF (size of firm). The primary data are collected through a descriptive questionnaire, which was structured. For the purpose of instant analysis, the respondents were asked to respond on the five point Likert scale. The finding shows that the entrepreneurs of the MSME firms mostly use the owned funds for financing the accounts receivables (1st rank), followed by the option to withstand 'securitization of accounts receivables' (2nd rank). Pages: 232-235Monika (Haryana School of Business, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, Haryana) |
Pages: 229-231 Every generation pass on their skills and knowledge to the next generation for their survival, growth and development. Still there is an ever changing need and demand both from the individual as well as the society not just to acquire existing knowledge and skills but also to acquire new ones as our society is very dynamic and it keeps changing. Education is the only means to acquire existing and new skills and knowledge in order to meet the needs and demands of the ever changing world and society in which we live. Since these needs and demands of the society keep changing, it becomes difficult as well as not feasible for the formal system of education to fulfill all the demands through it. It becomes imperative to have an alternate system of education. Alternate system of education emerged sometime during the late nineteenth or early twentieth century to fulfill the existing gap and needs of the individuals as well as the society. These gaps and needs exist due to various reasons like the opportunities available in the main stream education system do not always cater to the needs of individuals from different socio-economic and cultural background, in terms of access to main-stream schools and also to individuals needs of learning style, class structure, teaching methods and evaluation. The teacher is the one who plays a crucial role in the actual transaction, execution and implementation of any educational programme; be it in the mainstream or in the alternative education set up. Teacher education owes the responsibility to prepare such well equipped professionals who could take up the instrumental role in the preparation of teachers who can contribute to different educational set ups. This paper is a case study of an educational institution situated in the city of Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh in India. The school conducts its classes using an alternative system of education and it also conducts innovative training practices, for in-service teachers, both for their own school and also for teachers from other schools. This research paper explores the philosophy, innovative practices, problems and challenges of the institute and how it caters to the needs of the students and teachers and the teachers perspectives on in-service teacher education provided by the institution. To know the experiences of the founders and teachers who are parts of the institute, data was collected through semi structured interviews from the founder and director of the institution and also from the teachers of the institution. Observations are taken by the researcher using participatory and non participatory method and data was taken in the form of written field notes. The data is transcribed and analyzed qualitatively and conclusions are drawn. Pages: 229-231Shama Norien Major (I.A.S.E, Faculty of Education, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi) |
Pages: 225-228 Women constitute about half of the world population and represent more than 40.0 per cent of the global labour force, 43.0 per cent of the agricultural workforce. Female farmers receive 5.0 percent of all agricultural extension services worldwide. The rural women in most parts of the developing world carry a majority of the responsibilities for the production of food for household subsistence as well as for the market. They produce, gather, and process a wide variety of food and are found to play vital role in environmental management and development too. This paper intends to place a particular emphasis on the entrepreneurial attributes and relationship with independents variables and to enhance capacity building of women in diversified floricultural agriculture activities for entrepreneurship. Hisar district of Haryana was selected purposively having State Agriculture University and other State and Central institutions pertaining to agriculture and allied areas. A sample of 200 respondents was selected from four villages namely Mangali, Kaimri, Rawalwas, and Shapur. Results revealed that majority of the respondents reported high category for ability to motive other (57.5%), Self-confidence (55.0%), Skill competence (57.0%) and foresightedness (47.0%) for personal competencies, launching competencies, commitment competencies and managerial competencies, respectively.Significant gain in knowledge of the respondents was observed for all the ten components about floriculture diversified agricultural activities for capacity building of the respondents. Pages: 225-228Ritu, Lali Yadav, and S. Kaushik (Department of Extension Education and Communication Management, Chaudhary… |
