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Pages: 116-118
Raman Kumar and Jagpreet Kaur (Department of Education & Community Service, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab)

The present study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of e-Content strategy as compared with conventional strategy of teaching Mathematics to the students of class seventh. The experimental procedure was executed. One experimental and one control group was formed. The e-Content group as experimental group was taught Mathematics with the supplement of e-Content, the control group was taught Mathematics through Conventional method. A sample of 80 pupils from VII grade was taken and to measure the achievement in Mathematics, self developed Mathematics Achievement Test was used as research tool. After the Pre-test, 2 months treatment and post test, descriptive statistics namely mean, standard deviation and inferential statistics namely t-test and analysis of covariance was used. Analyzing the data with the help of correlated t-test, it was concluded that teaching Mathematics through e-Content significantly enhanced Mathematics achievement of students. With the help of one way ANCOVA, it was also concluded that e-Content improve Mathematics achievement significantly higher in comparison to Conventional method when groups were matched on Pre-Mathematics achievement.

Pages: 116-118Raman Kumar and Jagpreet Kaur (Department of Education & Community Service, Punjabi University, Patiala…

Pages: 112-115
Gaytri Tiwari and Ruchi Galundia (Department of Human Development and Family Studies, College of Home Science, MPUAT, Udaipur, Rajasthan)

The interdependence of school and community culture played a critical role in shaping the youth's occupational choice. For adolescent, their vocational choice is one channel through which their life's goal and purpose might be fulfilled. The career choice that adolescents make is a decision that is influenced not only by their development but also by the context in which they live. School environment is a powerful force and plays pivotal role in the all-round development of the child as children spend many hours in schools. Especially in rural settings, children are not exposed to most of the vocations which are currently available. If children get proper guidance regarding various vocations from school teachers, parents as well as from any other person or family members, they can excel in those vocations as per their capability if they opt for it. This research primarily focused to find out the vocational exposure and vocational interest of rural children in selected states of India. Present study was carried out in order to find out the vocational interest of 1350 academic backward rural school children between the age group of 11-17 years and to provide results based remedial solutions and interventions. Vocational Interest Record (VIR) developed by Kulshrestha (1987) was used to find out the vocational interests of the academically backward rural children. The scale measures vocational interests of the respondents in ten areas, viz., literary, scientific, executive, commercial, constructive, artistic, agriculture, persuasive, social and household. For this purpose, samples were selected from different villages of nine states in India which includes Assam (Jorhat), Andhra Pradesh (Hyderabad), Haryana (Hissar), Himachal Pradesh (Palampur), Uttar Pradesh (Pantnagar), Rajasthan (Udaipur), Maharashtra (Parbhani), Punjab (Ludhiana), Uttarakhand (Dharwad). Results revealed that majority of the rural children from selected states of India were not aware of the availability of different vocational choices. Proper interventions, counselling and guidance should be given to these children that will further help them to settle in their career.

Pages: 112-115Gaytri Tiwari and Ruchi Galundia (Department of Human Development and Family Studies, College of…

Pages: 108-111
Pooja S. Bhat (Department of Agricultural and Rural Management, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu)
T. N. Venkata Reddy and P. K. Mandanna (Department of Agricultural Marketing, Co-operation and Business Management, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bengaluru, Karnataka)

India's market is expected to grow, given the changing consumer preferences and the largest youth population. American foods have emerged as the latest preferred choice for people in today's fast-paced, mobile societies who no longer have time to cook and prepare food in the traditional manner, yet who want meals that are nutritious and that tastes good. This study intents to analyze if the consumption of important American food dishes in American Food Restaurants (AFR) is influenced by monthly income, family type, family size and food habit of the consumers. Primary data was collected from McDonald's, Pizza Hut, Domino's, KFC, Papa Johns, Subway and Taco Bell from 90 consumers in Bengaluru city using a structured and pre-tested survey schedule in the year 2015 which was analysed using the Chi-square test. Results pointed out that there is impact of income level and family type while there is no impact of family size and food habit on the important American dishes consumed in AFR's. This study will benefit AFR's and they can therefore evolve technology to maintain the database of consumers and use this for consumer analysis.

Pages: 108-111Pooja S. Bhat (Department of Agricultural and Rural Management, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore…

Pages: 100-107
Rimsha Lakesh (Department of Home Science, Govt. Dr. W. W. Patankar Girls P.G. College, Durg, Chhattisgarh)
Khan Abraruzzaman Khan (Department of Psychiatry, Govt. Raja Deosharan District Hospital, Jashpur Nagar, Chhattisgarh)

The objective of the present empirical piece of research work is to examine the prediction effect of gender and self-concept on career maturity. Following the stratified random sampling technique, 1000 students were drawn from the different institution at Durg district India, to serve as participants in the present research work. The result of the study indicated that gender and self-concept are significant predictors of career maturity. It is concluded that there is sufficient empirical and statistical evidence of the prediction effect of gender and self-concept on career maturity.

Pages: 100-107Rimsha Lakesh (Department of Home Science, Govt. Dr. W. W. Patankar Girls P.G. College…

Pages: 95-99
Ragini Gupta and Manisha Agarwal (Department of Psychology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh)

The present article reviews the concept of work stress among employees with special reference to the banking sector. Stress has been explained by several theoretical perspectives, such as the PE-fit theory, the cybernetic theory and the control theory. Among the job stressors which are responsible for the experience of stress among the bank employees, the effects of demonetisation in India are also discussed. Future research in this direction needs to take into consideration the impact of policy decisions, such as demonetization, on the levels of job stress among Indian bank employees.

Pages: 95-99Ragini Gupta and Manisha Agarwal (Department of Psychology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh)

Pages: 91-94
Amita Kaistha and Pushpinder Kaur (Department of Distance Education, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab)

The present study aimed at studying the self-efficacy for learning and performance motivational belief among distance learners in relation to gender, location and discipline of study. Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ, Pintrich et al., 1991) was used as research tool to measure the self-efficacy for learning and performance motivational belief of randomly selected sample of 655 students doing their post-graduation through distance mode. The findings revealed that significant location-wise differences were reported in which rural distance learners showed high level of self-efficacy for learning and performance motivational belief than urban distance learners. The significant main effect of discipline revealed that distance learners pursuing academic discipline have higher levels of self-efficacy for learning and performance in comparison to distance learners pursuing professional discipline, along with this the interaction effect for location and discipline also found significant in terms of male and female distance learners whereas the main effect of gender was not found significant among distance learners for the self-efficacy for learning and performance motivational belief.

Pages: 91-94Amita Kaistha and Pushpinder Kaur (Department of Distance Education, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab)

Pages: 87-90
A. K. Saini (Department of COAN. Sc., CCS, HAU, Hisar, Haryana)

Twenty female buffalo heifers of 12-15 months age were selected from the buffalo herd maintained by Buffalo Research Centre, Department of Livestock Production and Management, College of Animal Sciences, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar. The animals were divided into four groups of 5 each on the basis of their nearness to their body weight and age. The experiment was conducted for a period of 120 days ( Ist February to 31st May) to compare the effect of two housing systems and two feeding systems were: T1:Conventional barn+ Hay and concentrate mixture , T2:Conventional barn + Seasonal green fodder and concentrate mixture, T3: Loose housing + Seasonal green fodder and concentrate mixture, T4:Loose housing + Hay and concentrate mixture. There was a significant (p<0.05) difference in evening maximum temperature between two housing systems as the maximum temperature in evening was significantly higher in loose house as compared to conventional barn, which was the main affecting factor for the Thermo-neutral or Comfort zone and ultimately affecting the Microclimate/Micro-environment of the heifers to reflect/express their optimum performance. Morning and evening THI values were non-significant between the two housing systems.

Pages: 87-90A. K. Saini (Department of COAN. Sc., CCS, HAU, Hisar, Haryana)

Pages: 81-86
Deepak Singh and Hilal Bashir (Department of School of Education, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar, Punjab)

The current research paper attempts to investigate the effects of problem based learning and conventional learning on critical thinking ability of senior secondary schools in economics. The study was experimental in nature and the participants of the study comprised 62 students of class XII selected via purposive sampling technique. The participants were divided into two groups i.e., experimental group and control group (31 students in each group). Self-developed achievement test of economics based on critical thinking ability was administered to collect relevant data. Results of the study exposed that problem based learning contribute significantly on development of critical thinking ability among senior secondary school students in economics. Moreover, significant difference was found between two groups of students exposed to problem based learning and conventional method in developing their critical thinking ability. Thus, problem based learning is better than conventional learning to develop critical thinking ability among the higher secondary school students in economics.

Pages: 81-86Deepak Singh and Hilal Bashir (Department of School of Education, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar…

Pages: 76-80
Vinod Kumar Bhardwaj (Department of Psychology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana)

Despite the positive effects of internet, there is growing literature on the negative effects of its excessive use. The use of the Internet on school campuses and in society has increased dramatically in recent years. Whereas the academic use of the Internet is primarily intended for learning and research, the Internet has also become an important part of student life. However, from time to time, cases of over involvement with the Internet have been observed on different campuses. The present study was designed to study the relationship of internet addition with the loneliness and the Academic Performance of the secondary school students. The sample comprised 200 students (100 each from Government & Private) selected randomly from the 4 Government and 4 private schools of Jammu city using the scientific method of selection. Internet Addiction Inventory and Loneliness scale was used to observe the internet addiction and loneliness of the participants. While the scores obtained by the participants in their 10th class board examination of their respective Board were taken as the academic performance of the participants and the result was analyzed using t-test and correlation. The correlation analysis showed the significant and positive correlation of the internet addiction with the loneliness of the participants of both the Govt. and Pvt. Schools, whereas, with the academic performance the correlation is significant, but negative in direction. The result of the t-test analysis showed the significant difference between the Govt. and Pvt. Schools on their internet addiction, loneliness and academic performance and further confirms the results in this regard.

Pages: 76-80Vinod Kumar Bhardwaj (Department of Psychology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana)

Pages: 71-75
Sandeep Kaur (Department of Education and Community Services, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab)

The study examined procrastination in relation to anxiety among university students. The study was conducted on 164 female college students of Punjab. 164 postgraduate students from two colleges of Punjab University, Chandigarh i.e. Dev Samaj College for Women, Ferozepur and S.B.S. Memorial Girls College, Sukhanand, Moga were taken randomly for this study. Tools used for this study were Procrastination Scale (2013) Abraham and Test anxiety scale (1978) Sharma Descriptive method of research was used to conduct the study. T-test and Pearson's product moment correlation was used for attaining the objectives of this study. After analysis of the result, it was found there was no significant mean difference in procrastination among female college students in relation to locale. There exists no significant mean difference in procrastination among female college students in relation to rural and urban family structure. There exists no significant mean difference in anxiety among female college students in relation to locale. There exists no significant mean difference in anxiety among rural and urban female college students in relation to family structure. It is also found that there is negative correlation between anxiety and procrastination among female graduate students.

Pages: 71-75Sandeep Kaur (Department of Education and Community Services, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab)

Pages: 65-70
Sharma I. and Sudhesh N.T (Department of Psychology, Christ University, Bangaluru, Karnataka)

Social media usage has grown tremendously over past few years. As more people connect with each other through online medium, it becomes essential to find a balance between virtual life and real life. Corporate world requires a balance between work and life priorities. Employees often struggle to manage different responsibilities in their lives within and outside work. Advancement of technologies has helped in connecting with family and friends during work hours. This has bought about a change in nature of work, blurring the boundaries between work and life commitments. The present study aims to understand if there is a relationship between social networking and work life balance. This study will also look into gender difference amongst the two variables and the level of work life balance due to online usage. Samples of 60 corporate employees from different work setting in Bengaluru were used for the research. Correlation research design was adopted and statistical test of Spearman rank correlation, Mann Whitney-U test and Kruskal-Wallis was run for the purpose of the study. The results of the current study show that there is a negative significant correlation between internet addiction and two dimensions of work life balance. The study also found that there exist no gender difference when it comes to online usage and two dimension of work life balance- Intrusion of Personal Life into Work and Work Enhancement by Personal Life while there exist a difference in gender in the other two dimension of work life balance- Intrusion of Work into Personal Life and Personal Life Enhancement by Work. The study reveals that the more time an individual spends online, more interference in work and/or personal life exists. The implication of this study will help corporate companies plan effective ways for their employees to maintain work life balance in this technological world.

Pages: 65-70Sharma I. and Sudhesh N.T (Department of Psychology, Christ University, Bangaluru, Karnataka)

Pages: 58-64
Meenakshi and Navneet Kaur Dhaliwal (Department of Education and Community Services, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab)

The purpose of the present study was to study the academic achievement and self-regulation of adolescents in relation to happiness and to compare the academic achievement and self-regulation among adolescents at three levels of happiness, i.e., high, average and low. The other objective was to find out the correlation of happiness with academic achievement and self regulation. The study was based on a sample of 200 government senior secondary schools adolescents. Adolescents were selected from urban area. Adolescents were administered the oxford happiness inventory (OHI) developed by Argyle in 2001 and self-regulation questionnaire developed by Ryan and Cannell in 1998. Results showed that there was significant difference between academic achievement and self- regulation among boys and girls. But in happiness they did not differ significantly. There was significant and positive relationship between happiness and academic achievement, happiness and self-regulation.

Pages: 58-64Meenakshi and Navneet Kaur Dhaliwal (Department of Education and Community Services, Punjabi University, Patiala…
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