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Pages: 109-113
Kassa Gulie Worku, Alemayehu Bishaw Tamiru, and Solomon Melese Mengiste (Department of Teacher Education and Curriculum, Studies, College of Education and Behavioral sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia, East Africa)

This study was focused on perceived practices Bahir Dar University (BDU) instructors have in multicultural education strategies and the challenges they are facing while putting the these strategies into effect. In so doing,54 instructors were selected purposefully from two colleges and two faculties, namely Science and Education and behavioral science colleges, and humanities and social science faculties respectively. The researcher employed qualitative research approach and open ended questionnaire was designed and used as data gathering tool. In this present study, instructors in BDU have mentioned tremendous factors that would have influenced both their practices of and their attitudes to multicultural education strategies which could be possibly categorized as attitudinal problems, knowledge and skills related problems, lack of experiences, awareness and lack of training on curriculum issues as well as limited physical facilities and resources. Besides instructors were found to be unable to employ diversity sensitive pedagogy during their planning, instruction and evaluation are reported to be serious problems most of them have been shown regardless of their experiences. In addition, interviewed student teachers and instructors have confirmed the existence of the problems that have been revealed from the open ended questionnaire results. Finally based on the findings, brief summary, conclusions and recommendations were forwarded
Pages: 109-113 Kassa Gulie Worku, Alemayehu Bishaw Tamiru, and Solomon Melese Mengiste (Department of Teacher Education…
Pages: 106-108
Subhash Chander, Vinod Kumari, and Rashmi Tyagi (Department of Sociology, CCSHAU, Hisar, Haryana)

Crime against women has been a bane of India's development efforts. With arcane customs like sex being a taboo in India, Sati, and Dowry, and the overall lower status of women further exacerbates these crimes. The study was conducted on 200 rural women in Kurukshetra district of Haryana state. Data were collected from 12 villages with well structured interview schedule as per objectives of the study. It was found from the field of the study that maximum number of the respondents (43.0%) had low level of knowledge about laws related to crime against women followed by medium level of knowledge (31.0%) and high (26.0%). More than one-third of the respondents (38.0%) had maximum knowledge about Rape, Section 376 IPC followed by Kidnapping and Abduction, Sec. 359-369 (35.5%) and Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961 (35.0%). Factors like age, caste, education, occupation, mass media exposure and socio-economic status of the respondents were found significantly associated with level of knowledge about laws related to crime against women. It was also suggested that Efforts are needed to make rural women more aware about different laws related to crime against women and knowledge should be imparted to them through trainings.
Pages: 106-108 Subhash Chander, Vinod Kumari, and Rashmi Tyagi (Department of Sociology, CCSHAU, Hisar, Haryana)
Pages: 102-105
Ashok Kumar (Department of Extension Education, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana)
P. S. Shehrawat and Anil Malik (Department of Extension Education, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana)
Rajesh Kumar (ATP O/o ADP, CCS Haryana, Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana)
Rajender Kumar (Assistant Librarian, CCS Haryana Agricultural, University, Hisar, Haryana)

Knowledge and information are the most essential inputs of the era and must be effectively communicated to the farmers to respond successfully to the opportunities and challenges of social economic and technological changes for the improvement of agricultural productivity, food security and rural livelihoods. Agricultural Technology Information Centre (ATIC) came into existence at CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar in February 2002. Since then it is providing free advisory to the farming community of the state on various aspect of agriculture and allied fields. The present study was conducted for identify the problem of cotton growers by using of toll free number of ATIC . farmers call on the toll free number of ATIC per month. Majority of the callers are from Haryana state. The cotton growers were selected from the list available in ATIC by using random sampling from district Hisar and Sirsa, two leading cotton growing districts of Haryana. It was concluded that the more call from Hisar District compare to Sirsa District. 45.00 percent and 37.50 percent of the cotton growers identified the major problem related to Insect-pest identified by Hisar and Sirsa District respectively.
Pages: 102-105 Ashok Kumar (Department of Extension Education, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana) P. S. Shehrawat…
Pages: 99-101
Ruchi and Subhash Chander (Department of Sociology, CCSHAU, Hisar, Haryana)

Agricultural farmers in Hisar and Kaithal district are facing many challenges in accessing financial services as they have limited access to financial markets. Despite the numerous reforms undertaken by the Government including financial sector reforms, many rural farmers have remained in poverty with limited capacity to access safety nets like loans to fight against hunger and disease. This paper is aiming to find out nature and types of loan that affect farmer's decision to access agricultural finance. A survey was conducted in Hisar and Kaithal district on 160 debted respondents. Employing random sampling techniques, a pre-tested questionnaire was administered. The data was collected through interviews as most of them are reluctant to fill the form. Results indicated that nearly three-fifth of the respondents (58.75%) took the crop loan from institution sources and term loan (41.25%) respectively. Even 25.00% of the respondents took both types of loan (term & crop loans). Two-third of the respondents (67.50%) took the loan for crop expenses. On the other hand, 34.38% and 11.25% availed the loan for purchasing of machinery and equipment and for livestock, respectively.
Pages: 99-101 Ruchi and Subhash Chander (Department of Sociology, CCSHAU, Hisar, Haryana)
Pages: 95-98
Renu, C. K. Singh, and Priyanka Beniwal (Department of Human Development and Family Studies, COHS, CCSHAU, Hisar, Haryana)

Family is a shelter for every civil in the world, each family environment influence on their members, family consists many factors such as culture, facility of the family standard of living in family. The growth and development of each person of the family member is dependent on family. Adolescence is a process, rather than a period of achieving the desired growth, attitude, beliefs and methods for effective participation in society as an emerging adult. The way in which adolescents develop and exercise their personal efficacy during this transitional period can play a key role in setting the course their life paths take. The study was conducted with the aim to find the level of family environment of adolescent girls' across residential area. The study was conducted in Hisar district of Haryana state where two Government Senior Secondary Schools from rural area and two from urban area were selected. From each of the four selected schools of rural and urban area of Hisar, all girls of 14-16 year were included in final sample. The Family Climate Scale (FCS) developed by Shah (2001) was used to assess family environment of adolescent girls. Results indicated that adolescents from urban area get better family environment as compared to adolescents from rural area.
Pages: 95-98 Renu, C. K. Singh, and Priyanka Beniwal (Department of Human Development and Family Studies…
Pages: 91-94
Shakshi Bisht and Vandana Verma Trar (Department Extension Education and Communication Management, CCSHAU, Hisar, Haryana)

Education and empowerment has confirmatory relationship. The various issues that hinder upliftment of women are illiteracy, child marriage, female feticide and gender discrimination. To overcome these issues and situations women empowerment is necessary. The study was carried out in two localities of Hisar city of Haryana state on randomly selected seventy non-working women comprises of housewives. With the help of an interview schedule data was collected regarding newspaper readership of women issues relating to Beti Bachao Beti Padhao programme. Majority of respondents were young, i.e., up to 30 years in age, educated upto primary level (30%) closely followed by graduates (29%), majority of women were married (64%) having joint family (57%) with small family size (39%). Majority of respondents had service (46%) as family occupation with monthly family income between 25,000 to 50,000 Indian rupees (32%).Significant association was found between age, education and marital status with readership behaviour of respondents.
Pages: 91-94 Shakshi Bisht and Vandana Verma Trar (Department Extension Education and Communication Management, CCSHAU, Hisar…
Pages: 82-90
Meenu Singh, Rashmi Tyagi, and Praveen Kumar (Department of Sociology, CCSHAU, Hisar, Haryana)

It has been stated that by 2030, the elderly will constitute 21% of the total world population (Strydom, 2005). The increasing elderly population around the world is one of the most challenging issues in the health and welfare fields and aging is discussed as a universal phenomenon (Gates, 2000). individual and continues till death. The present study was carried out in Hisar district of Haryana state. From Hisar district, two blocks Hansi and Hisar were selected randomly. From each village random selection of 30 respondents was done having age between 60 and above 80 years. The total sample was 120 respondents from two blocks and four villages. Non-significant association was found between marital status and level of social problems. Analysis revealed that relatively more number of respondent who were married (85%) had medium level (96.10%) of social problem and widower (14.17%) were facing medium level and low level of social problem than their counterparts. The finding revealed that majority of the respondents (41.67%) facing the problems to spent time late hours outside the home. On the other hand (3.33%) respondent had the problems regarding their dress pattern. Meanwhile (22.5%) respondents whose families objected them to interact with female members followed by (12.5%) of the respondents who faced problem while working with female members.
Pages: 82-90 Meenu Singh, Rashmi Tyagi, and Praveen Kumar (Department of Sociology, CCSHAU, Hisar, Haryana)
Pages: 78-81
S. Sowmya and T. Samsai (Department of Agricultural and Rural Management, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu)

The erosion of traditional culinary habits and the acceleration of consumer lifestyles are leading to a decrease in the time spent cooking at home in India, particularly amongst younger consumers. As a result, there is a growing demand for convenient, packaged processed meat products. This study aims at finding out the consumer perception on frozen meat products using Likert scaling technique and the problems faced by the consumers while purchasing it using Garrett's ranking technique. Purposive sampling method was employed to collect details from consumers of Coimbatore city. A structured questionnaire was used to collect primary data from consumers through fact to face interview. From the results it is concluded that the consumers perceive frozen meat products to be convenient and readily available in different quantities and the major problem faced is the high cost of those products.
Pages: 78-81 S. Sowmya and T. Samsai (Department of Agricultural and Rural Management, Tamil Nadu Agricultural…
Pages: 75-77
Sumit Sheoran, Sudha Chhikara, and Sheela Sangwan (Department of Human Development and Family Studies, I.C. College of Home Science, CCSHAU, Hisar, Haryana)

Verbal-linguistic learning style, or intelligence, is one of nine types of learning styles described in Howard Gardner's theory of Multiple Intelligences. Gardner's theory, developed during the 1960's, assists teachers, trainers, and employers to fiddle with their teaching styles to fit the needs of different learners. Verbal-linguistic learning approach refers to a person's ability to reason, solve problems, and learn using language. Because so much of the school curriculum is educated verbally, verbal-linguistic learners lean to do well in school. They may also outclass in typical university settings. It is important to abide in mind; however, that verbal-linguistic ability is not a synonym for intelligence. Similarly, an intelligent person has the ability to adjust himself to the changing circumstances with ease, efficiency and pace. By keeping in view above facts, this study was planned to identify the types of multiple intelligences among secondary level students along with, to assess the effect of various human ecological factors (as stated by Bronfenbrenner) on Multiple Intelligences of young adolescents. To achieve this aim, standardized Multiple Intelligence Assessment Tool developed by Kaur (2006) was administered on a study sample consisting of 200 students from higher secondary schools of both areas of Mahendergarh (Haryana), i.e., rural and urban. Results revealed that significant association was found among various human ecological variables such as discipline by parents, parental occupation and cultural settings with the linguistic intelligence of the adolescents. It is also clear from the results that the independent variables i.e., caste, exposure to mass media and the frequency of visit to relatives/friends by the respondents had no significant association with the linguistic intelligence.
Pages: 75-77 Sumit Sheoran, Sudha Chhikara, and Sheela Sangwan (Department of Human Development and Family Studies…
Pages: 69-74
David Bennett (School of Business and Management, University of the Commonwealth Caribbean, 17 Worthington Avenue, Kingston, Jamaica)

The present study investigated the relationship between leadership behaviors and commitment to organizational team in an academic institution. Data were collected from 27 middle level/upper level managers in a higher educational institution through online survey using two reliable and validated instruments. This online survey was made using Google forms, the link of which was sent out to all the upper/middle managerial level employees of the particular educational institution. In addition, hard copies of the survey were also given to those who requested them. It was found that middle/upper level managers who exhibited transformational leadership behaviors appear to have a greater positive relationship in terms of degree of commitment to their teams, when compared to those who exhibited transactional leadership behaviors. Results may have strong implications in crafting suitable leadership development and management training programs in terms of understanding one's dominating cognitive framework. Because the leadership process usually involves a particular leader's personality and behaviors, the subordinate's perception of that leader, and the context within which the relationship occurs.
Pages: 69-74 David Bennett (School of Business and Management, University of the Commonwealth Caribbean, 17 Worthington…
Pages: 65-68
R. Likith, S. Moghana Lavanya, K. Mahendran, and R. Vasanthi (Department of Agricultural and Rural Management, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu)

Solar Power is the power generated through conversion of radiation from sun into electricity directly by photovoltaic arrays or indirectly using concentrated solar power systems. Presently, usage of solar power for the discharge of groundwater is gradually increasing due to increase in fuel costs. The objective of the study was to understand the reasons for adoption of solar water pumps among the farmers of Coimbatore district. Primary data was collected from 60 sample farmers through personal interview using well structured interview schedule. The results of the study revealed that availability of subsidy from the Government and low/zero maintenance cost were the major reasons for adoption of SWPs by farmers in Coimbatore district of Tamil Nadu.
Pages: 65-68 R. Likith, S. Moghana Lavanya, K. Mahendran, and R. Vasanthi (Department of Agricultural and…
Pages: 62-64
Sumit Sheoran, Sudha Chhikara, and Sheela Sangwan (Department of Human Development and Family Studies, I.C. College of Home Science, CCSHAU, Hisar, Haryana)

Modern teaching practices are bound to a cognitive exercise in modern curriculum. It not only reduces the broader scope of creative learning but also undermines the chances of the holistic development of the child. Similar idea was proposed by Howard Gardner in the theory of multiple intelligences, where human intelligence differentiates into specific 'modalities', rather than seeing intelligence as dominated by a single general ability. Bodily-Kinesthetic Intelligence is one of those nine intelligences. Bodily-Kinesthetic (movement) Intelligence supports the ability to process information using their body and the way to connect with the world in a physical manner. Children who support bodily-kinesthetic intelligence are liable to be quite capable at controlling their bodies; they become skilled through physical contact with their environment more than through mental movements and they act together with others in physical ways. Precision, control and agility are the hallmarks of such as athletes, dancers, karate masters, professional soccer players, cricketers and actors, etc. Ecological Systems Theory bestowed by Bronfenbrenner (1979) discribes that there are five systems arranged from the closest to the individual to the farthest: the microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, macrosystem, and chronosystem. Hence, the current research was intended at finding out the flow of various human ecological factors on Multiple Intelligence of young adolescents.
Pages: 62-64 Sumit Sheoran, Sudha Chhikara, and Sheela Sangwan (Department of Human Development and Family Studies…
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