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Pages: 177-178
Shahid Jibran (Department of Management Studies, Jaipur National University, Jaipur, Rajasthan)
Azra Mufti and Parvez Abdullah (Department of Management Studies, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajauri, Jammu and Kashmir)

Agricultural education plays a significant role in boosting economy and speeding up the development process. It can create a landmark in achieving food security and sustainability. Human recourses need to be developed properly and untapped agricultural potential can be tapped by educating people about this green jewel called agriculture. Sensitization of people with awareness programs, training sessions and camps can help in improving the statistics of education required for exclusive growth of this sector. The biggest challenge faced by this sector at present is lack of education and guidance. Education does not mean just teaching, it is a way of sustainability. People who are involved in agriculture should be equipped with all the requisite skill sets to ensure maximum productivity from this sector. This paper tries to examine the effects of agricultural education and how it can affect the economy as a whole.

Pages: 177-178Shahid Jibran (Department of Management Studies, Jaipur National University, Jaipur, Rajasthan)Azra Mufti and Parvez…

Pages: 171-176
Yen-Chun Lin (University of North Georgia, Dahlonega, Georgia)

The study was designed to explore the relationship between children's creativity and social competence. Three kindergartens in Taiwan were purposefully selected to diversify parents' socioeconomic backgrounds. The sample was composed of 142 Taiwanese parents with children aged from 4 to 7 years old. Parents and teachers evaluated children's social competence and creativity by filling out a questionnaire. Correlation analyses revealed a significant positive relationship between parents' and teachers' ratings of children's social competence. However, no significant relationship exists between parents' and teachers' ratings of children's creative behaviors. Children who were reported by their parents as creative were socially competent at home and in school settings. In the correlation analysis among children's creativity and parents' backgrounds, parents with high education levels and high house hold income have highly creative children. These findings reveal a positive relationship between children's social competence and creativity and point out the influence of parents' socio-economic status on children's development.

Pages: 171-176Yen-Chun Lin (University of North Georgia, Dahlonega, Georgia)

Pages: 169-170
Reetu Devi and Bimla Dhanda (Department of Human Development and Family Studies (HDFS), CCS HAU, Hisar, Haryana)
Vijay Kumar (Farm Management, SNIATTE, CCS HAU, Hisar)

Fathers play many important roles in a child's life, varying in each individual family based on the provisions of the father and needs of the child. Temperament refers to our inborn personality traits, which are genetic in nature. The present study was conducted in four districts namely; Hisar Fatehabad, Rohtak and Jind of Haryana state with the purpose of availability of maximum numbers of twins in the required age group. Temperament was taken as dependent variable and mother education was taken as independent variable. The Malhotra Temperament Schedule (MTS) developed by Malhotra and Malhotra (1988) was used to assess child's temperament. This schedule can be used on all child populations whether normal or abnormal, within an age range of 4-10 years of both sexes and of any socio-economic class. Malhotra Temperament Schedule consists of nine dimensions or variables of child's temperament and the operational terms of these dimensions are given as: Activity, Rhythmicity Approach or withdrawal, Adaptability, Threshold of responsiveness, Intensity of reaction, Quality of mood, Distractibility, Attention span and persistence. These nine dimensions were further grouped into five categories namely sociability, emotionality, energy, attentivity/distractibility and rhythmicity. To arrive at factor scores the means of the constituting temperament dimension are to be added. The Malhotra Temperament Schedule (MTS) schedule measured temperament variables on a 5 point rating scale, and categorized by standardized method. Result revealed that father education was non-significantly associated with sociability (c2=1.98), emotionality (c2=1.29), energy (c2=0.59), distractibility (c2=1.73) rhythmicity (c2=4.31) and total temperament (c2=0.29) of twins.

Pages: 169-170Reetu Devi and Bimla Dhanda (Department of Human Development and Family Studies (HDFS), CCS…

Pages: 164-168
Seema Kujur, S. Senthil Vinayagam, H.K. Awasthi, and G.R.R. Murthy (ICAR-National Academy of Agricultural Research Management, Hyderabad)

Educational Technology (ET) is the use of both physical hardware and educational theories. ET has an important role to enhance relationships between teachers and students to provide quality education in an academic institution ecosystem. ET has become both a network of gathering and sharing ideas, and also a platform for research, collaborate, and differentiate in teaching-learning process. Considering the importance of ET in the education system, a study on factors influencing the use of ET in teaching-learning process in agricultural universities is undertaken at two representative Agricultural Universities AUs from North (denoted as A) and South (denoted as B) part of India, covering 60 teachers and 120 students as respondents of the study. Study revealed that the majority of the teachers and students had medium level of use of ET for teaching purpose. Binary logistic regression analysis revealed that the information seeking behaviour, attitude towards ET and awareness towards ET were positively and significantly associated with teacher's adoption of ET in teaching, where as training needs and mass media exposure were positively and significantly and infrastructure was negatively associated with student's adoption of ET for learning purpose.

Pages: 164-168Seema Kujur, S. Senthil Vinayagam, H.K. Awasthi, and G.R.R. Murthy (ICAR-National Academy of Agricultural…

Pages: 160-163
Gurbir Singh (Punjab Dairy Development Board, Ludhiana, Punjab)
Amita Sharma (Institute of Agri Business Management, Swami Keshwanand Rajasthan Agricultural University, Bikaner, Rajasthan)
Raghvendar Singh (Division of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry ICAR-Central Sheep & Wool Research Institute Avikanagar, Tonk Rajasthan)

Camelus dromedaries, the Indian camels, are in the IUCN red list of threatened species. According to Times of India news excerpt appeared on 19th Dec, 2016; the Indian camel may be placed to Critically Endangered Species in IUCN list very soon which is not a good sign. Further, it states that according to the census, the population of camels in the state had fallen from 421,836 in 2007 to 325,713 in 2012, registering a drop of 22.79 per cent. IUCN is the International Union for Conservation of Nature founded in 1984 to create databases of animals and plants and their status. Primary reason of Indian camels for inclusion in the red list of IUCN is the sharp decreasing trend in population. The total sample of 200 of camel milk consumers were analyzed about different factor influencing the purchasing of camel milk such as educational status, occupation, number of family members, monthly household income, monthly consumption expenditure, amount spent on camel milk per month, annual income, source of camel milk, frequency of buying camel milk, quantity purchase per day, recommendation behind taking camel milk, use of camel milk and end use of camel milk.

Pages: 160-163Gurbir Singh (Punjab Dairy Development Board, Ludhiana, Punjab)Amita Sharma (Institute of Agri Business Management…

Pages: 157-159
Rupal Hooda and Manju Mehta (Department of Family Resource Management, College of Home Science, CCS HAU, Hisar, Haryana)

Adolescence is duration of fears during which boys and girls shift from childhood to adulthood. To analyze the prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress among the girls students, a study was conducted on 60 girls students (30 day scholar and 30 hostel students) of age from 17 to 22 years selected randomly from college of home science, CCSHAU, Hisar. Most of the respondents were from to general caste (46.66%). Day scholar students in their first and third year of graduation were largely suffering from mild form of depression. Anxiety score increased from normal to moderate level from first to third year of graduation. Mild form of stress was the chief form (varying from 13.33 to 16.67%) with which girls were found to suffer with. Hostlers were suffering from mild (13.33% in 3rd year to 20% in 1st year students) and moderate (6.67% in 1st year to 10% in 3rd year) form of depression. The moderate anxiety score tended to increase (from 3.33% to 6.66%) from 1st year to 3rd year of graduation. Hostler girls were also reported to suffer from mild form of stress. Although severe form of depression, anxiety and stress were not the major issue but, moderate score of all these was found to increase which suggest that there is a need for special focus on the mental health of the girl student in colleges.

Pages: 157-159Rupal Hooda and Manju Mehta (Department of Family Resource Management, College of Home Science…

Pages: 155-156
Kangjam Victoria Devi (Student Welfare Officer, College of Community Science, CAU, Tura, Meghalaya)
Visalakshi Rajeswari (Department of Resource Management, Avinashilingam University for Women, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu)

Sericulture and Silk processing industry had been practice in Manipur since time immemorial. Women are involved in dual responsibilities of both maintain the household and this cottage industry. Though they expend both human and material resources lavishly for these activities, it is found that, their toil is not satisfactorily rewarded. They are found to be psychologically facing only discontentment. For their productive work, the returns are unproductive. Low income, poor social status, health problems, poor social status and the like are certain problems faced by them.

Pages: 155-156Kangjam Victoria Devi (Student Welfare Officer, College of Community Science, CAU, Tura, Meghalaya)Visalakshi Rajeswari…

Pages: 150-154
Amandeep Kaur and Tejpreet Kaur Kang (Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab)

The present study was conducted to assess the relationship of mental health with suicidal ideation among adolescents. The study was based on 240 adolescents (i.e., 120 rural & 120 urban) in the age range of 16-18 years. The sample was randomly drawn from four Government Senior Secondary Schools purposively selected from rural as well as urban areas of Ludhiana district. Suicidal Ideation Scale by Sisodia and Bhatnagar (2016) was used to assess suicidal ideation of the respondents and the scale consisted of 25 items where as Mental Health Battery by Singh and Sengupta (2000) was used to assess the mental health of the adolescents and the battery consisted of 130 items. Results revealed significant gender-wise and locale-wise correlation between mental health and suicidal ideation among adolescents.

Pages: 150-154Amandeep Kaur and Tejpreet Kaur Kang (Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Punjab…

Pages: 145-149
Manorama Devi, Leena Das, and Moonty Baruah (Department of Family Resource Management and Consumer Science. Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, Assam)

Shopping was once perceived as an activity of going out, exploring various stores and shops across the town, shifting through a myriad of options and finally settling down to purchase a product with full satisfaction. Now that the technology is skillfully trying to make a person think smartly, without exerting much physical energy, we see that even shopping has been engulfed under grip of changing lifestyle. With online shopping spreading its wings gradually, the experience of 'touch and feel' concept is slowly fading among the consumers. Online shopping or electronic shopping is a part of electronic commerce which allows consumers to directly buy goods or services from a seller over the internet. A survey was conducted in the Jorhat town of Assam to know the online shopping scenario among the consumers with the objective to identify the category of population inclined for online shopping and the factors influencing the consumers for online shopping. For the present research work, 120 samples were selected randomly from four wards of municipality area and a multistage stratified random sampling method was adopted in order to select representative sample. The findings of the study revealed that the young generations are very active in the activities of online shopping and most of them are females. The results of the study have given detailed information regarding the change in shopping behaviour of the consumers.

Pages: 145-149Manorama Devi, Leena Das, and Moonty Baruah (Department of Family Resource Management and Consumer…

Pages: 140-144
Yumkhaibam Anandi Devi and Deepika Vig (Department of Human Development & Family Studies, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab)

The present study was an attempt to see the impact of planning and implementation of educational therapy programme on mathematical skills of school children. The sample for the study consisted of 15 teachers and30 children of class II from the rural private schools of Ludhiana district. Self Structured Cognitive Abilities Assessment Checklist were used to assess teachers' cognitive abilities to design educational therapy programme for children, Raven's Coloured Progressive Matrices (Raven, 1965) was used to assess the intellectual abilities of the children and Self Structured Mathematical Skills Checklist was used to assess different mathematical skills of children. Rural teachers who showed high level of application level of cognitive abilities were selected to plan and design educational therapy programme for children with mathematical difficulties which was implemented for three months. Pre-intervention results revealed that children were in low and medium level of mathematical skills and none of the child was in high level. Post- intervention results revealed that rural children of class II shifted to medium and to high level and none of the child remained in low level of mathematical skills. Further, dimension-wise analysis revealed that the mathematical skills were improved in each dimension indicating that children were better able to perform in number facts, place value, addition, subtraction and counting. Hence, the educational therapy programme significantly enhanced the mathematical skills of rural children..

Pages: 140-144Yumkhaibam Anandi Devi and Deepika Vig (Department of Human Development & Family Studies, Punjab…

Pages: 138-139
Reetu Devi and Bimla Dhanda (Department of Human Development and Family Studies (HDFS), CCS HAU, Hisar, Haryana)
Vijay Kumar (Farm Management, SNIATTE, CCS HAU, Hisar)

Father's level of education is the strongest factor determining a child's future success at school, creating a self-reinforcing cycle of poverty and lack of achievement passed down from parents to children. The present study was conducted in four districts namely; Hisar Fatehabad, Rohtak and Jind of Haryana state with the purpose of availability of maximum numbers of twins in the required age group of 4 -10 years identified under UGC project of the department. A sample of 296 pairs of twins in the age group of 6 10 years will be taken. The dimensions of temperament will be assessed individually. A variable is the set of value that forms a classification. A value is anything which can be predicted. There were two types of variables in the study i.e. independent and dependent variable. Temperament was taken as dependent and father education was taken as independent variable. The Malhotra Temperament Schedule (MTS) developed by Malhotra and Malhotra (1988) was used to assess child's temperament. Result revealed that there was no association of father's education with all the variables of temperament in Bagar zone, i.e., sociability (c2=0.34), emotionality (c2=4.84), energy (c2=1.51), rhythmicity (c2=4.45), distractibility (c2=1.40) and total temperament (c2=1.42) of twins.

Pages: 138-139Reetu Devi and Bimla Dhanda (Department of Human Development and Family Studies (HDFS), CCS…

Pages: 134-137
Phool Kumari (SMS (Home Science), Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Auraiya, Uttar Pradesh)
Tripti Dhawan (Mahatma Jyotiba Phule, Combined District Hospital, Ambedkar Nagar Uttar Pradesh)

Assessment of the nutritional status of community clinical examination is one of the first steps in the formation of any public health strategy to overcome malnutrition. Pre-school children undoubtedly are the most crucial segment of our population. Under nutrition is a critical determinant of mortality and morbidity in young children worldwide and it is associated with 45 percent of all deaths in children under five years of age. The major forms of malnutrition are kwashiorkor (edematous) and marasmus (wasting) with or without associated stunting. In a view to know the nutritional deficiency among the rural children, the present study was conducted with an objective to assess the clinical status of preschool children of Auraiya district of Uttar Pradesh. The study involved a total of 100 preschool children. Twenty children selected randomly from each of the 5 villages of Bhagyanagar block of Auraiya district of Uttar Pradesh. The study shows that 58 children fall between 1-3 years of age while 42 children came under the 4-6 year of age. Physical examination results are as presented in Table 2. It was found that on the basis of their general appearance, 54 per cent were normal and 45 per cent were thin and obese 1% in a different village. Sign of Fluorosis namely mottling of enamel in teeth was observed most of the elder children (4-6 years), i.e., 27 per cent as compare to the children belongs the age group of 1-3 years, i.e., 15 per cent. Anemia was observed as pale conjunctiva (28%) and Koilnychia (16%). Those with xerosis (1%) and Bitot's spot (2%). Conjunctival xerosis being common among younger children and Bitot's spot more in older children. The findings are showed the poor health status of preschool children. There is a need for health counselling to the mother/ caretaker to improve the health status of rural preschool children

Pages: 134-137Phool Kumari (SMS (Home Science), Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Auraiya, Uttar Pradesh)Tripti Dhawan (Mahatma Jyotiba…
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