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Pages: 194-197
Zeenat Zahoor and Abu Sufiyan Zilli (Department of Psychology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, UP)

The present research investigation is aimed to make a comparative study of teaching attitude among private and government secondary school teachers. It was hypothesized that private school teachers would have better teaching attitude as compared to government school teachers. The sample of the present investigation comprises N= 300 senior secondary school teachers, 150 each from private and government schools. In each group there were 75 male and 75 female teachers. The respondents were randomly selected from different private and government secondary schools of Aligarh. The age of the respondents was found to be ranges between 22-50 years. Teaching attitude of the respondents was assessed by Teacher attitude scale by J.C Goyal (1984). The reliability and validity of this scale is well established. For analyzing the data and obtaining the appropriate results t-test was used. The teaching attitude was found to be statistically significant. The findings of the present research have far-reaching implications in the current world of educational development.

Pages: 194-197Zeenat Zahoor and Abu Sufiyan Zilli (Department of Psychology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, UP)

Pages: 188-193
Purnomo Ananto (Politeknik Negeri Media Kreatif, Jl. Srengseng Sawah, Jagakarsa, Jakarta Selatan, Indonesia)

The main focus of this study was to examine the researcher's reconstructed views about Life Skills Education approach in Civic Education for the development of Human Resource in Indonesia's creative industry. It has been based on the existing gap between the real situation and the conceptual framework (Das Sein and Das Solen) about human resource and the required life skills to operate in the industry. In the context of this study, the problem being referred to is the issue of globalization and the limited employment opportunities for the increasing numbers of the working age group in the country. The research employed a qualitative approach. This approach helped in the reconstruction of life skills education views and character education (Constructivism) for the field of civic education through a phenomenological approach. I relied on the respondents' views to explore and to establish appropriate views for the study. The data was gathered through: (1) the review of literature; (2) in-depth interview of the participants, practitioners and the students taking courses on creative industry, as well as the participants from the creative industries; (3) observation of respondents. The data, was processed through a reduction process, analysis and presentation were done qualitatively. Conclusion: (1) the transmission of national values or the reconstruction of a social system in the educational institutions can be conducted through civic education, the transmission can cover character education and civic skills; (2) as a holistic framework in shaping citizens skills for a positive contribution to the social system, civic education should be able to shape people's character and life skills, needed for human performance; (3) the education soft skills within civic education have become the basic foundation for the establishment of good character, smart citizens and a creative nation. This makes this form of education a very important component in the teaching and learning process, which in turn helps to generate human resource that is able to adapt to the demands of the rapidly changing era in the creative industries.

Pages: 188-193Purnomo Ananto (Politeknik Negeri Media Kreatif, Jl. Srengseng Sawah, Jagakarsa, Jakarta Selatan, Indonesia)

Pages: 182-187
Nike Kamarubian (Department of Nonformal Education, Faculty of Education Science, Universitas Pendidikan, Indonesia)

This is a research about the implementation of a competency-based training as a human resources development program. It aims to establish the procedures for the implementation of competency-based training which consist of three steps, planning, implementation, and evaluation, in Nalendra Hotel Bandung. The supporting theories used in this research are: the theories of human resources development proposed by Soekidjo Notoatmodjo (1992), the theories of training proposed by Robert L. Craig (1989) and Nedler (1984), and the theories of competency and competency-based training by Kevin Lohan (1995) and William E. Blank (1982). The methodology used in this research is qualitative approach using the case study method. The data was obtained from observation, interview, and documentation of the study. The subjects of this research consist of instructors, training participants and the organizers of the training program. There were three steps used when conducting this research: pre-field activities, field activities and intensive analysis. The research results can be concluded as follows: The procedures for the implementation of employees' training program in Nalendra Hotel Bandung with a competency based-approach as an attempt to develop human resources are: a) Planning: being the study of identification process towards the training need, training curriculum design, recruitment process of training participants, selection of learning and funding sources, elaboration of training materials, procurement of learning facilities, selection of training method and the techniques, and arrangement of evaluation tools; b) Implementation: this is the condition of the learning atmosphere and pre-test, delivery of learning materials, application of learning materials and the techniques, practice; and c) Evaluation: The pre-test, process test and post-test, so that this competency-based training program can run effectively and efficiently when those three components are done carefully, considering the principles of competency-based training. In relation to what the researcher found, there are some recommendations that can be considered: a) To optimize research results, Nalendra Hotel should show appreciation directly to the employees who have passed and awarded a certificate for their competent mastery so that it can improve their motivation to follow other training programs seriously, b) It is necessary to conduct an in-depth study to know the effectiveness and usefulness of this kind of training for a company, considering that this competency-based training program was conducted for the first time, and c) Organizers should be able to develop and increase the cooperation among training participants, instructors, and all parties related to the training program, because the success of this training program is not the responsibility of only one aspect, but it requires good co-operation from all the parties.

Pages: 182-187Nike Kamarubian (Department of Nonformal Education, Faculty of Education Science, Universitas Pendidikan, Indonesia)

Pages: 173-181
Vandana Punia (Department of Education, Chaudhary Devi Lal University, Sirsa, Haryana)

The study investigated the effects of the three different instructional strategies used in briefing sessions of Microteaching Lesson about the skill of stimulus variation as it relates to the motivation of pupil teachers. Motivation of pupil teacher is assessed by ARCS model of John Keller in Indian conditions. Motivation scale was further standardized and adapted by the author by using factor analysis and alpha Cronbach's. The purpose of this investigation was to identify how different instructional strategies affected learner motivation in a workplace training situation. Three formats were selected for evaluation i.e. Power Point presentations that consisted of still slides with demonstrations of techniques discussed, lecture presentations by experts on the subjects that included use of overhead projector as well as demonstration of skills, and the motivational designed applications that utilized an interactive Motivational Multimedia Format. These three instructional methods are considered as the representative of methods frequently used in the workplace. The proposed study has its inbuilt significance as it will dwell upon the most effective instructional strategies which lead to enhancement of the motivation amongst the learners. The participants in the present research were 93 pupil teachers, including participating in control group, experimental group 1, and experimental group 2, enrolled in three different sections of B. Ed. at Department of Education, Chaudhary Devi Lal University Sirsa during the winter 2012. The study adopted pre-test, post-test, control group, quasi-experimental designs with 2x3 factorial matrixes. Instruments used were practice teaching skill rating scales and learner motivation tool. Data was analyzed by using ANOVA, analysis of covariance, factorial designs etc. It has emerged that there is significant main effect of instructional strategies on motivation level of teacher trainees in briefing session of micro teaching lesson about teaching skills.

Pages: 173-181Vandana Punia (Department of Education, Chaudhary Devi Lal University, Sirsa, Haryana)

Pages: 168-172
Dalvir Singh and Jagpreet Kaur (Department of Education, Punjabi University, Patiala)

Life skills are the abilities for adaptive and Positive behaviour that enables the individual to deal effectively with the demands and challenges of everyday life. The main objective of the present study was to investigate the incidence of life skills in a random sample of 300 adolescents from Sangrur district of Punjab. Life skills scale by Sharma (2003) was used to measure life skills among adolescents. The descriptive statistics revealed that adolescents in the sample possess an above average level of life skills. The results of t-test revealed non-significant gender differences in life skills among adolescents. However, significant differences were observed in life skills among adolescents in terms of location, type of school, caste and across high and low levels of academic achievement. Implications of the results are discussed.

Pages: 168-172Dalvir Singh and Jagpreet Kaur (Department of Education, Punjabi University, Patiala)

Pages: 161-167
Ricardo Sepúlveda (Department of Education, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile )
Malva Villalon and Paulo Volante (Department of Psychology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile)

Nowadays, a large part of teacher leadership studies have been focused mainly on the principal as a key factor in the results of students' success. Nevertheless, some recent literature is available that discusses other faculty members who without leaving their classroom responsibilities, assume distinct directive responsibilities on an intermediate level. This article explores some of the salient characteristics that distinguish the leadership of teachers in charge of other teachers, and discusses in particular the importance of tolerance and freedom. The text gives some clues about the process in which teachers feel challenged when they undertake the responsibility for an educational improvement project, being in charge of their peers, but without the managerial authority to exercise the influence over them. The evidence presented corresponds to the findings from a case study conducted on the topic of middle leadership from a group who coordinate a program to improve education in the area of language, in socially at risk schools in the Bío Bío region of Chile. The results of the study show among other aspects that both coordinators and peer educators agree that a necessary condition that characterizes middle leadership is to allow group members certain levels of initiative, decision making, and action in their tasks in the program.

Pages: 161-167Ricardo Sepúlveda (Department of Education, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile )Malva Villalon and Paulo…

Pages: 153-160
Patris Rahabav and Stella Que (Pattimura University, Ambon, Indonesia )

The partnership between schools, families and communities becomes interesting theme to be discussed at this time because with the partnership; the performance of the schools can be improved. The objectives of this study are to identify the most important factors that influence the partnership of schools, parents, and communities, and what contribution can be given in order to increase school performance. Research methodology that has been used for this study is a case study, qualitative design. The locations of this study include 5 High Schools in Ambon, Maluku province with details: 2 private schools and 3 public schools. There are 35 informants participated as informants. They represent teachers, counselors, parents, school committees, alumni, principals and supervisors. Data was collected by using focus group discussions and in-depth interviews. The results of the study showed that the Partnership of schools, families and communities have started since the establishment of the school committee as parents and communities representation. Some real contribution has obtained by the school is the support funding (contributions) and contribution of physical facilities. The partnership is still faced with some serious problems such as feudalistic culture, misconceptions about the role, not good governance, free education campaigns and communication lame. So, it needs revitalizing the role and functions of the schools, parents and the communities, through the changes in system, structure, culture, human resource development, and the strengthen of communication and social networks to support school performance.

Pages: 153-160Patris Rahabav and Stella Que (Pattimura University, Ambon, Indonesia )

Pages: 172-174
Ritu Choudhary (Bhiwani, Haryana)

Sales promotions are highly effective in exposing consumers to products for the first time and can serve as key promotional components in the early stages of new product presentation. The purpose of this paper is to study of the affect of sales promotion on consumer interest to purchase products of automotive company as well as Performance of sales promotion in introducing of new product to consumer is studied.

Pages: 172-174Ritu Choudhary (Bhiwani, Haryana)

Pages: 169-171
Wricha Malik (Department of HSB, GJUS&T, Hisar, Haryana)

Education plays an important role in the development of any nation. Hence, it is required to give top priority for educational system which is possible mainly through teachers, in whose hands the destiny of our coming generation is placed. Thus, teachers who are shaping our children's future, should invariably possess job satisfaction along with other good qualities. This is because a teacher is more effective in his job only when he is satisfied with his job. Job satisfaction of teachers is therefore an utmost important factor in making the teaching profession more useful for the nation. The present paper reviews the relation between personality factors and job satisfaction among teachers.

Pages: 169-171Wricha Malik (Department of HSB, GJUS&T, Hisar, Haryana)

Pages: 166-168
Puspa Rani (Department of Psychology, Monad University, Hapur, UP)

The present study examined relation in suicidal ideation, loneliness, peer pressure and self-efficacy among adolescents. The sample of the present study was comprised of 300 participants (150 girls and 150 boys) in the age range of 15 to 25 years. Suicidal ideation scale (Reynolds, 1987), peer pressure scale (Singh & Saini, 2010), ULCA Loneliness Scale and General self-efficacy (Schwarzer & Jerusalem, 1995) scales were used to assess suicidal ideation, loneliness, peer pressure and self-efficacy among adolescents. The finding reveals that suicidal ideation in girls are negatively related with father bonding (r = -.287, p<.01), optimism level (r = -.185, p<.05), and positively related with academic stress (r = .295 , p<.01) and peer pressure. The results indicated that Suicidal ideation in boys are negatively related with father bonding (r = -.175 ,p<.01) , optimistic level (r = -.284 , p < .01), mother bonding and positively related with academic stress (r = .414 ,p <.01) , peer relations , suicidal ideation.

Pages: 166-168Puspa Rani (Department of Psychology, Monad University, Hapur, UP)

Pages: 161-165
Subhash Chander and Satnam Kaur (Department of Sociology, CCS Haryana Agriculture University, Hisar)

The concept of Panchayati Raj was developed to ensure people's participation in the Community Development Programme. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the performance of the Gram Panchayats through 69 formal leaders. Regarding socio-economic and cultural variables and Gram Panchayats activities study reveals that age of the leader is significantly associated with maintenance, forestry and agricultural development while caste variability influenced forestry. Gender variability affected works pertaining to status of panchayat leaders also promoted activities concerning sanitation, maintenance and construction.Regional variabilities found to have conditioned administrative and water supply actions. Chairman's background also influenced water supply, administrative, construction, sanitation, agricultural and maintenance works in the sampled villages.

Pages: 161-165Subhash Chander and Satnam Kaur (Department of Sociology, CCS Haryana Agriculture University, Hisar)

Pages: 158-160
Purshotam (Department of Physical Education, Vaish College (Boys), Rohtak, Haryana)

Sports participation and appreciation have become integral part of life. Competitive sports make tremendous demands on the physical conditioning, virtually, endurance and mental power of the participants. Only the finest can play to the best of their abilities. Each sport has its own pattern, muscle load, tempo and duration. Today the people of every country are more concerned with physical fitness than ever before as it has become the vital part of winning sports competition. Stresses always hamper the performance of an individual in sports competitions. Pranayama is the fourth limb and meditation is the seventh limb of ashtanga yoga. Its full significant has to be propery understood and appreciated. It consists of two components, pran and ayama. Pran is an essential living activity agent that works in the human body and makes the various function of the body possible. Since the stress is a main hurdle to the performance of sports men it shall be given higher priorty to be treated. The present paper attempt to examine effects of pranayama practices in reducing stress and other psychological distress among players at college level.

Pages: 158-160Purshotam (Department of Physical Education, Vaish College (Boys), Rohtak, Haryana)
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