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Pages: 26-29
Maneesha Bhatt and Pushpa Khadi (Department of Human Development and Family Studies,
College of Community Science, University of Agricultural, Sciences, Dharwad, Karnataka)

Present study assessed and compared the identity development of adolescents across their ordinal position and class. It was conducted among urban and rural PUC students of Dharwad and Tanakpur in the age group of 16-18 years who were randomly selected from four science coaching institutes of Dharwad (Karnataka) and three science coaching institutes of Tanakpur (Uttarakhand). Samples included 10 to 15 per cent students from each class (PUC-I and PUC-II) of coaching institutes that constituted an overall 592 students. General information schedule and Dimensions of Identity Development Scale were used to gather basic information about respondents and to assess their identity development. The results of the present study revealed that, PUC-II students scored better in identity development than PUC-I students in both the places. With respect to ordinal position, first born PUC students of Dharwad had higher identity development than later born. However, no significant association and difference was observed between ordinal position and identity development of Tanakpur PUC students. Thus, differential effect of ordinal position and class were observed on identity development of PUC students.

Keywords: ordinal position, class, identity development and PUC students

DOI: https://doi.org/10.15614/IJHW.v11i01.7

Pages: 26-29Maneesha Bhatt and Pushpa Khadi (Department of Human Development and Family Studies,College of Community…

Pages: 30-34
Meera Rani and Krishna Dhuhan (Department of Human Development and Family studies, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana)

Adolescence is the most vulnerable stage to the physical, emotional, social and cognitive problems. Cognitive changes that occur during adolescence are increased in abstract, idealistic and logical thinking. Metacognition is a subdivision of cognition, or a type of cognition. Metacognition is one's ability to use prior knowledge to plan a strategy for approaching a learning task, take necessary steps to solving the problem, reflect on and evaluate results, and modify one's approach as needed. Cognition helps to generate new knowledge through mental processes and also helps to use the knowledge that people have in daily life. This study examines the assessment of metacognition in relation to residential area and gender of adolescents. The study was conducted in Hisar district of Haryana state. Two areas were selected purposively, i.e., rural and urban. From urban area Hisar city and from rural area three villages namely Kharia, Dhobi, and Kirtan were selected for collection of data. From each schools 25 boys and 25 girls of 14-16 year were included in the study. The total sample comprised of 300 adolescents. Metacognition Awareness Inventory (MAI) by Schraw and Dennison (1994) was used for assessing metacognition. Results disclosed that status of male respondents on 'knowledge about cognition' confirmed moderate level of metacognition on procedural knowledge, conditional knowledge and total knowledge about cognition whereas, about declarative knowledge female respondents had moderate level of metacognition. The status of male respondents on other component of metacognition, i.e., 'regulation of cognition' confirmed that majority of respondents had moderate level of metacognition, viz., information management strategies, debugging strategies, evaluation, total regulation of cognition. The results further divulged that on total sample the status of respondents on metacognition confirmed that more percentage of the respondents had moderate level of metacognition depicting high percentage among males than females. The results divulged that on total sample the status of respondents on metacognition indicated that higher percentage of the respondents had moderate level of metacognition showing higher percentage of urban adolescents as compare to rural respondents.

Keywords: metacognition, knowledge about cognition, regulation of cognition, conditional knowledge, gender

DOI: https://doi.org/10.15614/IJHW.v11i01.8

Pages: 30-34Meera Rani and Krishna Dhuhan (Department of Human Development and Family studies, CCS Haryana…

Pages: 35-39
Amandeep Kaur and Tejpreet Kaur Kang (Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab)

The present study was conducted to assess the relationship of mental health with suicidal ideation among adolescents. The study was based on 240 adolescents (i.e., 120 rural & 120 urban) in the age range of 16-18 years. The sample was randomly drawn from four Government Senior Secondary Schools purposively selected from rural as well as urban areas of Ludhiana district. Suicidal Ideation Scale by Sisodia and Bhatnagar (2016) was used to assess suicidal ideation of the respondents and the scale consisted of 25 items whereas Mental Health Battery by Singh and Sengupta (2000) was used to assess the mental health of the adolescents and the battery consisted of 130 items. Results revealed significant gender-wise and locale-wise correlation between mental health and suicidal ideation among adolescents.

Keywords: mental health, suicidal ideation, adolescents, rural and urban

DOI: https://doi.org/10.15614/IJHW.v11i01.9

Pages: 35-39Amandeep Kaur and Tejpreet Kaur Kang (Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Punjab…

Pages: 40-42
Rupjyoti Bhattacharjee and Sendi Seb Rengma (Department of Human Development and Family Studies, College of Community Science, AAU, Jorhat, Assam)

The present study was conducted in Jorhat district of Assam. Total of 120 respondents were selected for the study. The objective of the study was to see the number of respondents belonging to two different professions (government & private) who have registered Atal Pension Yojana (APY) scheme and to study the attitude of respondents towards different aspects of APY scheme. It was found that most of the respondents under the two different professions have registered APY scheme. It was also found that they have favorable attitude towards different aspects of APY scheme. However, it was observed that some respondents have not yet registered the scheme as they are not familiar with the banking system and also due to low rate of interest of the scheme. Z- test also showed significant difference in the attitude towards the benefits through APY scheme between government and private employees.

Keywords: Atal Pension Yojana, social security and elderly

DOI: https://doi.org/10.15614/IJHW.v11i01.10

Pages: 40-42Rupjyoti Bhattacharjee and Sendi Seb Rengma (Department of Human Development and Family Studies, College…

Pages: 43-47
S. Venkatesan and L. Lokesh (Department of Clinical Psychology, All India Institute of Speech and Hearing, Under Ministry of Health
& Family Welfare, Government of India, Located at Manasagangotri, Mysore, Karnataka)

Tests of intelligence are a prelude to the diagnosis of specific learning disabilities. This study selected three commonly preferred performance measures, such as the Porteus Maze Test (PMT), Seguin Form Board (SFB), and Gesell Drawing Test (GDT), to examine their inter-correlations. A single-shot correlation survey design was combined with convenience sampling to determine the nature, direction, degree, and extent of co-variance of test scores between the chosen tests for an overall sample of 161 students with specific learning disabilities. The overall trends and concerning personal-demographic variables like age, gender, level of schooling, and type of curriculum, were investigated. For the overall sample (N: 161), the obtained mean SFB mental age of 109.79 (SD: 20.38), GDT mental age of 98.80 (SD: 20.07), and PMT mental age of 103.75 (SD: 29.07) months. The GDT appears to be estimating mental ages less by five points against the PMT, and by twelve points against the SFB in the targeted children. Analysis of inter-correlations between the test scores on pairs for the three tests of intelligence shows moderate to highly significant correlation (p: <0.05) ranging from 0.48 and 0.53, irrespective of which among them is used as anchor test. This means that they all possess good convergent validity for their regular use during clinical practice in the diagnosis of children with learning disabilities.

Keywords: learning disability, correlation, intelligence tests, convergent validity

DOI: https://doi.org/10.15614/IJHW.v11i01.11

Pages: 43-47S. Venkatesan and L. Lokesh (Department of Clinical Psychology, All India Institute of Speech…

Pages: 48-56
T. Lakshmanasamy and K. Maya (Department of Econometrics, University of Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu)

Most often the social comparison or relative income hypothesis has been used as an explanation for the lack of systematic relationship between income and happiness, using the ordered probit regression method. The identification of relevant reference group and the estimation of the differential effects of comparison income have been controversial. To overcome these twin issues, this paper uses an ordinal comparison income approach based on rich/poor dichotomy and rank income. The rank income of an individual is defined as his relative position in the income distribution within the reference group and the average income of the reference group is used to define the rich/poor classification. The differential effects of ordinal incomes across life satisfaction distribution is estimated by the panel fixed effects ordered profit regression model using the WVS data for India. The estimated results show that ordinal income comparison, rather than cardinal average reference income, is a better predictor of life satisfaction levels. Raising income level is relatively important for less satisfied people while increasing rank status is important for highly satisfied people in India.

Keywords: happiness, social comparison, cardinal vs ordinal reference income, rank income, differential effects

DOI: https://doi.org/10.15614/IJHW.v11i01.12

Pages: 48-56T. Lakshmanasamy and K. Maya (Department of Econometrics, University of Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu)

Pages: 57-61
Rekha Johny Neelankavil and Rosalito De Guzman (The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines)

The present study observed the possible predictive effect of perceived stress on the depressive symptoms of wives of alcohol-dependent persons. Participants of the study involved 204 selected wives of alcohol-dependent persons from the 20 Kudumbasree groups (Women self-help group in Kerala, India) who completed the Perceived stress scale and Depressive Anxiety Stress Scale that measured perceived stress and depressive symptoms respectively. The results of the study showed a significantly positive relationship between perceived stress and depressive symptoms. Moreover, a regression analysis of the data showed that a significant variance of 60.3% of the depressive symptoms. The present study clearly gave the idea of perceived stress reduction can lessen the development of depressive symptoms among the participants. Thus, the present study recommends the need for a psychotherapeutic intervention program to be developed that can reduce perceived stress and depressive symptoms among wives of alcohol-dependent persons.

Keywords: perceived stress, depressive symptoms, wives of alcohol-dependent persons

DOI: https://doi.org/10.15614/IJHW.v11i01.13

Pages: 57-61Rekha Johny Neelankavil and Rosalito De Guzman (The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas…

Pages: 62-65
Priyanka Beniwal and Chandrakala Singh (Department of Human Development and Family Studies COHS, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar Haryana)

Aging is a series of processes that begin with life and continue throughout the life cycle. It represents the closing period in the life span, a time when the individual looks back on life, lives on past accomplishments and begins to finish off his life course. It represents the accumulation of changes in person over time. The study aims to investigate the health status of senior citizens. The present study was carried out in Hisar and Sirsa district of Haryana state. A total of 400 elderly equally representing both males and females of age group 65-70 years were selected randomly for the study. Modified inventory developed by Khan and Lal (2011) was used to assess health status of senior citizens. The results of the study elucidated that health status of senior citizens depicted that 54.25 per cent of the total respondents had average health status followed by good (25.25%) and poor health status (20.50%). The most common health problems reported by the senior citizens were joint pains, back pains, blood pressure, and chest pain etc. Gender wise comparison of total sample further pointed out that females were poor in their health against males.

Keywords: aging, health problems, blood pressure, joint pains

DOI: https://doi.org/10.15614/IJHW.v11i01.14

Pages: 62-65Priyanka Beniwal and Chandrakala Singh (Department of Human Development and Family Studies COHS, Chaudhary…

Pages: 66-74
Solomon Melesse and Mulu Melesse (Department College of Education and Behavioral Sciences, Teacher Education and Curriculum Studies, Bahir Dar University, Ethiopia)

The purpose of this study was to assess practitioners' perceived involvement and challenges they encountered in the process of curriculum development in Secondary schools of Amhara Sayintworeda. Mixed research design was employed to provide answer to the basic questions of this research. The sample consisted of 125 secondary school teachers, 3 school principals, 4 vice principals, and 1 supervisor. Proportional random sampling technique was used to select the sample teachers and comprehensive sampling technique was used to select the sample school principals, vice principals, and the supervisor. The data was collected through questionnaire and semi-structured interview. The collected data was analyzed using percentage, one sample t-test and thematic description. The findings indicated low practitioners' perceived involvement in all the curriculum development phases other than curriculum implementation. Absence of financial and material incentives and practitioners' lack of motivation were considered as the major inhibiting factors for practitioners' involvement in the different phases of the curriculum development process. On the basis of the major findings, relevant recommendations are suggested in the paper.

Keywords: curriculum development process, participation, challenges, phases of curriculum development

DOI: https://doi.org/10.15614/IJHW.v11i01.15

Pages: 66-74Solomon Melesse and Mulu Melesse (Department College of Education and Behavioral Sciences, Teacher Education…

Pages: 75-78
Rupal Hooda and Manju Mehta (Department of Family Resource Management, COHS, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana)

A large number of workers are engaged in the construction sector. Out of them approximately 30% are women workers. Construction industry is the major source of employment for workers in the unorganized sector. In India, construction industry is the second largest employer when compared to agriculture and covers others allied field of activities in the civil, mechanical and electrical area also. The Indian construction labor force is 7.5% of the total world labor force and it contributes to 16.4% of fatal global occupational accidents. A study was conducted on 30 construction workers working on different sites of Hisar city. A questionnaire was used for collecting general information and for specific information. Data reveals that 56.66% of the respondents were in 26-35 years of age group followed by 86% of the respondents were married. 63.33% of the respondents were living in village. 83.33% of the respondents' family consists of more than 5 members followed by 73.33% of the respondents' family has two earning members. Body discomfort level was also analyzed by using Relative Important Index. Conclusively, Construction sector falls under unorganized sector of an economy. They are working under unsecured environment or work culture. The scenario only can be changed with the government intervention, by implementing the policies strictly.

Keywords: construction workers, accidents, unsecured environment

DOI: https://doi.org/10.15614/IJHW.v11i01.16

Pages: 75-78Rupal Hooda and Manju Mehta (Department of Family Resource Management, COHS, CCS Haryana Agricultural…

Pages: 79-83
S. Anagha and G. C. Navyashree (Department of Psychology, SDM PG Centre, Ujire, Karnataka)

Young adults are in an intermediate phase as they are emerging from adolescence to adulthood. During adolescence, they face various distractions which creates a significant impact on their academic performance. Sometimes it may also result is academic failures. Academic resilience is the ability to cope with failures during the educative years in one's life. The extent to which an individual is resilient, is affected by the support and encouragement received during the time of crisis. This study measures the level of academic resilience across gender and course of study among young adults who have had low academic performance in II PUC /12th grades and explores the combined affect of gender and course of study on academic resilience. The data was collected from 61 participants, (26 females & 35 males) using Google forms, across the states of Karnataka and Kerala. The Academic Resilience Scale [ARS-30] by Martin and Marsh (2006) was used for assessing the academic resilience, The data represented normal distribution, hence Two-way ANOVA is used for statistical analysis. The results revealed that males are academically more resilient. Significant difference is seen among participants, across their course of study, with respect to the level of academic resilience. There is significant interaction effect of gender and course of study on academic resilience among young adults.

Keywords: academic resilience, male and female, young adults

DOI: https://doi.org/10.15614/IJHW.v11i01.17

Pages: 79-83S. Anagha and G. C. Navyashree (Department of Psychology, SDM PG Centre, Ujire, Karnataka)

Pages: 84-92
Divya Chavaly and K.P. Naachimuthu (Department of Psychology, PSG College of Arts & Science, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu)

The rapid deterioration of both the natural environment and mental health calls attention to investigate the link between their parallel decline. Anticipating the need for an analysis of the same, the present paper attempts to summarise the literature covering human-nature connection and its implications for mental health in terms of research, therapy and intervention. The papers reviewed are organised under three sections. The first section delineates the effects of nature exposure on health and conceptualises the various nature-based therapies and techniques in literature. The second section includes the literature on Nature Deficit Disorder-a term, given by Richard Louv, referring to the collective consequences of disconnect with nature among today's children. Finally, the third section includes evidences that support rebuilding the connection through outdoor education and the importance of turning to indigenous ways of teaching for a better impact.

Keywords: nature connectedness, nature deficit disorder, anthropocentric

DOI: https://doi.org/10.15614/IJHW.v11i01.18

Pages: 84-92Divya Chavaly and K.P. Naachimuthu (Department of Psychology, PSG College of Arts & Science…

Pages: 93-99
Beredugo, Letticia Ikiomoye and Adeyanju, Awoniyi Babafemi (Department of Community Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing Sciences, College of Health Sciences Niger Delta University, Amassoma, Wilberforce Islan Bayelsa state, Nigeria )
Nkamare, Maureen Bunadoumene (Department of Maternal and Child Health Nursing Faculty of Nursing Sciences, College of Health Sciences Niger Delta University, Amassoma, Wilberforce Island Bayelsa State, Nigeria )
Amabebe, Binaebi (Department of Community Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Niger Delta University, Amassoma, Wilberforce Island, Bayelsa State, Nigeria)

The practice of early marriage for women remains rampant in developing nations around the world today, and it is a major problem contributing to maternal ill health and death in Nigeria. It has consequence on both social and health of not only the girl child but the children born to these young mothers. The aim of the study is to identify the determinant factors and health implications of early marriage on the girl-child in Otuan Community, Bayelsa State, Nigeria. A descriptive study was done using a descriptive cross-sectional survey type of design, One hundred and thirteen (113) respondents were recruited for the study. A self-developed pilot tested questionnaire was used to collect data from the respondents. The instrument was face validated by three experts in the field of Nursing and research; reliability was established using the test retested method and a retest coefficient of 0.82 was arrived at; and data generated were analysed. The study found that; majority of the respondents identified poverty/economic hardship, tradition and culture of the people, area of settlement, peer group and parental neglect as determinant factors that influences early girl-child marriage. The respondents also identified maternal and infant death, sexually transmitted diseases, child disability, prolonged sickness after birth and psychosocial problems as health implication of early girl-child marriage. The study further revealed that the girls had experienced excessive bleeding, anaemia, and prolonged/obstructed labour as complications during pregnancy. The study found that increased educational attainment among girls, risks, change of cultural norms that support early child marriage, and provision of economic opportunities for girls and their families as ways of preventing early girl-child marriage. it is recommended that proper education of girls and parents on the associated risk of early girl-child marriage and formulation of laws and policies to protect adolescent is advocated.

Keywords: adolescent, child health, early marriage, girl child, health implications

DOI: https://doi.org/10.15614/IJHW.v11i01.19

Pages: 93-99Beredugo, Letticia Ikiomoye and Adeyanju, Awoniyi Babafemi (Department of Community Health Nursing, Faculty of…

Pages: 100-105
S. Ganga, P.M. Mathiyoli, and K.P. Naachimuthu (Department of Psychology, PSG College of Arts & Science, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu)

Food, which was once a survival need, now transformed into a material of lavishness and comfort. Both the food & food industry underwent drastic changes in the past few decades and the ecological, social, psychological, economical and biological impact it brought about is devastating. All this started when humans got struck in a luxury trap; a trap which is called Wheat in its changed appearance which is widely consumed in the form of refined flour (otherwise called Maida). Maida a waste introduced in the diet of human beings only a few centuries ago managed to evolve into a billion dollar industry and made a permanent mark in the lifestyle of human beings. But the physiological, psychological and ecological impacts caused by this waste already have an adverse effect on the current generations and will definitely take a toll on the generations to come. Despite knowing the damage caused by this waste, no strong action was taken for it, till date. Maida has become a perfect example of self destructing and invasive product to human beings. Still the Homo sapiens have a chance to save themselves from this disaster by changing their existing pattern of life/food habits. The present paper thus discusses the physiological, psychological and ecological impacts of this anthropogenic unhealthy food habits.

Keywords: Maida, refined white flour, gluten factor

DOI: https://doi.org/10.15614/IJHW.v11i01.20

Pages: 100-105S. Ganga, P.M. Mathiyoli, and K.P. Naachimuthu (Department of Psychology, PSG College of Arts…

Pages: 106-110
Basavaraj Shrinivasa and Ameer Hamza (Department of Psychiatric Social Work, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, Karnataka)
Shyam Sundar Arumugham (Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, Karnataka)

Mental illness in one of the members takes a heavy toll on the family. Symptoms of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) not only affect the individual, but also impact the individual's environment. Family members are easily drawn into compulsive rituals or avoidance behaviors in order to prevent or reduce the distress related to the illness. Such behaviors of family members may serve the same function as compulsions which are contradictory to the principles of exposure-based interventions used in the treatment of OCD. Given this bidirectional relationship between family reactions and symptomatology in the affected person, family context plays an important role in the maintenance and treatment of OCD. Thus, it is imperative to understand the role family variables that can have an effect on the course/outcome of illness, which might also help in management of this complex psychosocial condition. In this review, we briefly discuss the impact of OCD on family and how family members contribute to the maintenance of the symptoms of illness with their responses. The possible ways of engaging the family members in the treatment to address relevant family variables are also discussed.

Pages: 106-110Basavaraj Shrinivasa and Ameer Hamza (Department of Psychiatric Social Work, National Institute of Mental…

Pages: 111-114
Jyoti Sehgal and Anupama Srivastava (AIBAS, Amity University, Haryana)

The present research aimed to understand the concerns of 20 Learning-Disabled adolescents in their academic and Non-academic areas. This was an exploratory study using interview method, that probed expression of the challenges they face in their school. The sample was selected in a child guidance clinic in Delhi. They were led by directional open-ended questions, leading them to talk about their concerns in academic and non-academic areas. Findings indicated their feelings of dejection and demotivation, inappropriate manner of teaching, choice of subjects, judgements based on marks and feeling unheard. They were restricted for games, library, zero-periods, third language and activity periods and were taught by special educators instead of subject specialised teachers. This added to conflicts, maladjustment, inappropriate labelling, loss of peer group and a feeling of inadequacy. They added that reduced and simplified content, compromised expectations, simpler subjects offered by the boards have made the academic journey easier, but it has also kept their potentials from full bloom.

Keywords: learning-disabled, adolescent, emotional, adjustment, conflicts, interests, teacher

DOI: https://doi.org/10.15614/IJHW.v11i01.22

Pages: 111-114Jyoti Sehgal and Anupama Srivastava (AIBAS, Amity University, Haryana)

Pages: 115-118
Madhu Bala (Department of Psychology, R.B.S. College, Agra, Uttar Pradesh)
Neetu Chaudhary (Department of Psychology, N.R.E.C. College, Khurja, Uttar Pradesh)

In the current time, the use of technologies has become propensity more than necessity. Nobody has gotten away from them nor left youth or old. It's totally relying upon us How to utilize it? One such live innovation is a Smartphone. At only one touch we approach any data about the entire world. It is very easy to carry in our pocket so everyone can use it anytime whenever. Smartphone has some constructive as well as some cynical aspects too. Nomophobia is a negative face of the smartphone. Nomophobia is the irrational dread of being without cell phones or being not able to utilize phones (situational phobia) for some reason such as some signal or battery issues. Theprimary point of the current research is to find out the proportion of Nomophobia among understudies with regardof gender and age in Agra city. For this purpose, a total number of 300 students were selected by randomization (150 males & 150 females) from the age scope of 15-20 years. The data was taken by using a self-administered questionnaire NMP-Q developed by Yilidirim and Correia. The obtained data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Mean and Chi-square. Results revealed that there is a significant difference between male and female score on nomophobia. The other result indicates that early adolescents positively related to Nomophobia as compare to late adolescents. In India, one person can use multiple cell phones. There is no minimum age to use mobile phones. It is adding fuel to the pre-existing problem of Nomophobia. Telecom Administrative Authority of India (TRAI) should assume a functioning job by making an arrangement/law that "setting based methodology" on cell phone limitations among individuals ought to be followed. A demonstration will be detailed, under this demonstration. There ought to choose the least age for portable use. It will assist a great deal with curbing the circumstance.

Keywords: nomophobia, students, gender and age

DOI: https://doi.org/10.15614/IJHW.v11i01.23

Pages: 115-118Madhu Bala (Department of Psychology, R.B.S. College, Agra, Uttar Pradesh)Neetu Chaudhary (Department of Psychology…

Pages: 119-128
Justin P. Jose and Shanuga J. Cherayi (Dharmagiri Jeevas Social Centre, Kannur, Kerala)
Kanmani T. Raju (Department of Psychiatric Social Work, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka)

Adequate and appropriate breastfeeding is critical to child survival, growth and development; however, there are widespread inconsistencies in breastfeeding practices with respect to its adequacy and appropriateness, especially in historically marginalize tribes in Kerala. Hence, this study explored breastfeeding and related hygiene practices of tribal mothers with children aged between 0 to 24 months. We conducted 10 FGDs to collect data from five districts with significant proportion of tribal populations in Kerala, using a qualitative descriptive approach to enquiry. Two groups of participants were selected. First group was biological mothers and the second group was grandmothers of children aged between 0-24 months. All FGD participants were purposively selected and thematic analysis was used for data analysis. Hospital delivery has reduced prelacteal feeding. Perceptions of inadequate breastmilk relate with delayed initiation of BF. BF is predominantly demand driven. Communal norms sanction long duration of breastfeeding and nearly all mothers knew EBF. Perceptions of perceptions of inadequate breastmilk relate with early initiated CF. BF benefits to children are in terms of health, cognition, emotional bonding and growth but are harmful for mothers' health and beauty. Mothers with poor family support face multiple role-related strains. Nearly all mothers have information of colostrum feeding and EBF for 0-6 months but EBF practice was suboptimal. Mothers enjoying poor family support face multiple role-related strains leading to suboptimal breastfeeding. The colostrum avoidance and prelacteal feeding was less frequent due to hospital deliveries but many believed that breastmilk alone was insufficient to newborns, leading to early CF. Proactive breastfeeding was less frequent and knowledge about breastfeeding benefits was child centric. Mothers' work and household chores conflict with breastfeeding frequency.

Keywords: tribal mothers, breastfeeding, barriers, perceived benefits

DOI: https://doi.org/10.15614/IJHW.v11i01.24

Pages: 119-128Justin P. Jose and Shanuga J. Cherayi (Dharmagiri Jeevas Social Centre, Kannur, Kerala)Kanmani T…

Pages: 129-131
Ekta Melkani and Manju Mehta (Department of Family Resource Management, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana)

Most of the families of a village Mangali in Hisar block of Haryana are involved in production of wooden beads for decades. The production process is a joint effort made by both male and female members of the family. However the works done by male members start from procurement of wood to making of beads till their marketing whereas women work to string the beads for whole days and give them finishing looks for selling in not more than 50-100 rupees per day that too only if work is available in abundance. Even the male members only get a limited selling price as all the benefits are secured by the middlemen. The women also face physiological hazards and musculo-skeletal discomforts for doing all the works sitting on floor in a bending posture. The plight of the women is so high that even after the long day seasonal field works, they are sitting over floors in a bent posture which is causing them discomforts over the body for next many days. The activities performed by the women which are related to beads are numerous in nature like jewellery, crafts, etc, and hence the postures. Squatting and cross legged are the major postures that are observed among the women in forward-bent condition and which cause them further musculo-skeletal disorders. A workstation having the facilities regarding back support, eye-level works, wrist support, storage and light requirements is suggested. The multipurpose workstation can help the women to healthy work not for the bead works only but also for other housing chores to speed the activities and enhance the productivity.

Keywords: Mangali village, bead products, floor sitting, workstations, MSDs, productivity

DOI: https://doi.org/10.15614/IJHW.v11i01.25

Pages: 129-131Ekta Melkani and Manju Mehta (Department of Family Resource Management, CCS Haryana Agricultural University…

Pages: 132-134
Reena and Bimla Dhanda (Department of Human Development and Family Studies, I. C. College of Home Sciences, CCSHAU, Hisar, Haryana)

The study was conducted in five cultural zones of Haryana state. For the rural sample 400 widow elderly women of age group 60-75 years were selected. Quality of life scale developed by World Health Organization (1997) was accessed to quality of life of widow elderly women. The questionnaire short form-36 health survey by Mchorney (1993) was used to assess the health status of widow elderly women. Clearly shows that relationship between aspects of perceived health status and quality of life among widow elderly women. Physical aspects of quality of life was positively significantly correlated with vitality (r =0.13**, p<0.01), body pain (r =0.39**, p<0.01), physical role functioning (r= 0.23**, p<0.01) , mental health ((r =0.10*, p<0.01) negatively significantly correlated with general health perception (r = -0.17**, p<0.01) and emotional role functioning (r = - 0.28**, p<0.01). Psychological aspects of quality of life was positively significantly correlated with physical functioning (r =0.13**, p<0.01) and body pain (r =0.10*, p<0.05). Another aspects social relationship of quality of life was negatively significantly correlated with physical functioning (r = -0.18**, p<0.01), body pain (r = -0.12**, p<0.01) and social role functioning (r = -0.11**, p<0.01), Physical role functioning, Emotional role function was negatively correlated with (r = 0.28**, p<0.01). Further aspects of environment was positively significantly correlated with vitality (r = 0.09*, p<0.05), Physical Functioning (r = 0.46**, p<0.01), body pain (r = 0.14**, p<0.01), General health perception (r = 0.30**, p<0.01) and physical role functioning (r = - 0.09*, p<0.05).

Keywords: quality of life, perceived health, widow elderly women and cultural zones

DOI: https://doi.org/10.15614/IJHW.v11i01.26

Pages: 132-134Reena and Bimla Dhanda (Department of Human Development and Family Studies, I. C. College…

Pages: 135-138
Ivan Das and Anjana Bhattacharjee (Department of Psychology, Tripura University, Tripura)

The outbreak of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) which started in December, last year has claimed thousands of life around the world. Utilizing the existing COVID-19 database, this article attempted to compare the status of infection cases and death of the four significantly affected nations of Indian subcontinent (ISC): Bangladesh, India, Maldives and Pakistan with the top 4 affected nations of the world, today. This article is also an attempt to conduct a trend analysis to predict the upcoming cases in exclusively the ISC countries. The results suggest that Pakistan and India should be well prepared in the coming one month. Finally, the needs of psychosocial support and the psychotherapeutic interventions were elucidated to help preserve the mental health of the people in this hour of crisis.

Keywords: COVID-19, mental health, psychological intervention

DOI: https://doi.org/10.15614/IJHW.v11i01.27

Pages: 135-138Ivan Das and Anjana Bhattacharjee (Department of Psychology, Tripura University, Tripura)

Pages: 286-289
Sandhya Rani, Chhaya Shukla, and Kirti Kesarwani (Department of Family Resource Management, College of Home Science, G. B. P. U. A. & T., Pantnagar, U. S. Nagar, Uttarakhand)

Now days consumers are more conscious for their health and maintaining a better quality of life. They prefer to consume the products which are healthy for them, their family and will help them to attain maximum satisfaction. Money is not a limiting factor as far as food, cosmetic and medicinal products preserving health are concerned. The current scenario shows an inclination of consumer's interest towards the consumption of herbal and eco-friendly products which do not have side effects. This particular tendency has been responsible for extraordinary popularization of Patanjali products and generated curiosity to find out the attributes responsible for such revolutionary trends of Patanjali products. So the need was felt to study the consumer perception towards Patanjali products. The perception of consumer regarding attributes of Patanjali products were found satisfactory. Various product attributes met with consumer expectations. All the consumers of medicinal products have safe investment attitude. Food product users have positive attitude and cosmetic product users have carefree attitude towards these products. Medicinal products were consumed basically with the attitude to acquire good health, food products to gain complete satisfaction with consumption and cosmetic products consume in order to use something new.

Pages: 286-289Sandhya Rani, Chhaya Shukla, and Kirti Kesarwani (Department of Family Resource Management, College of…

Pages: 290-294
Kritika Dudeja and Shanti Balda (Department of Human Development and Family Studies, I.C. Collage of Home Science, CCS HAU, Hisar, Haryana)

The present study was conducted in Bhiwani district of Haryana state. One private and one government school were selected from rural area and one private and one government school were selected from Bhiwani city. From each school 30 boys and 30 girls in the age group of 14 to 16 years were selected at random, thus, 60 children from each school and a total of 240 children, representing both the sexes in equal number. Study habits of students were assessed by Study Habit scale developed by (Rani & Jaidka, 2015). Results revealed that majority of rural and urban students belonged to average categories in concentration, use of e-resources, interaction and overall study habits. While in planning, comprehension and drilling, majority of students from rural, urban and total sample belonged to above average category. For study sets, about equal numbers of students belonged to average and above average categories. Results further showed that there was positive correlations between family income, mass media exposure, participation in sports and study habits of high school students. This study will help in better understanding of study habits of high school students.

Pages: 290-294Kritika Dudeja and Shanti Balda (Department of Human Development and Family Studies, I.C. Collage…

Pages: 295-297
Mangla Thomas and Parul Tripathi (Department of Home Science, Banasthali Vidyapith, Rajasthan)

The term internet addiction stands for pathological compulsive or uncontrolled internet use. Internet has been playing a prominent part in communication and connecting people all over the world and it has become a significant feature of the 21st century. It can be easily accessed on different devices and has become a necessity for day to day life. The study on “Comparison of Internet Addiction between Teenagers and Young Adults” was carried out to find out the level of internet addiction and to compare the internet addiction between the teenagers and young adults. Sample of this study consisted of 50 teenagers and 50 young adults. The Internet Addiction Test (1996) developed by Kimberly Young was used to administer the level of internet addiction among teenagers and young adults. Results indicated no significant difference for internet addiction level between teenagers and young adults. The investigator also analyzed factors associated with internet addiction test which indicated salience, anticipation and neglect of social life which had significant difference among the two groups and work negligence, exorbitant use and lack of control had no significant difference. One of the problem thriving among the young people today is the increased level of thee use of internet for different purposes, it should be taken under consideration so that interventions can be developed to help the people affected.

Pages: 295-297Mangla Thomas and Parul Tripathi (Department of Home Science, Banasthali Vidyapith, Rajasthan)

Pages: 298-300<br
Aashna Dhingra, Ajay Bhambal, and Saman KhanDepartment of Public Health DentistryPeople's College of Dental Sciences and Research CentreBhopal, Madhya Pradesh
Annette BhambalDepartment of Oral Medicine and RadiologyPeople's College of Dental Sciences and Research CentreBhopal, Madhya Pradesh

Continuous evaluation of OHRQoL links the social and clinical impact indicators, thus measuring the magnitude with which health status hampers normal functions, social roles, producing major changes in behaviour. Appraisal of OHRQoLdone using self-assessment method is a conscious estimation, based on individual answers to related questions. Across-sectional study among 100 bank employees in city of Bhopal was conducted. Aself-administered, pretested questionnaire was used, which incorporated 9 close ended questions. Data was analyzed using SPSS software version 23.0.The age range of the participants was 22 60 years, with a mean age of 38.3 years. Majority (44%) rated their oral health as being good. Significant number of subjects feel that dental problems affect their work (40%), sleep (42%) and social activities (54%). Dental problems cause difficulty in eating in 52% and tooth loss affects their quality of life in 22% of the bankers. The results of the present study support the hypothesis that oral health affects the quality of life. Cohort of bank employees gives us a sample of people, who are educated, employed, experience work stress, encounter social interactions and strive for a better quality of life. The results were compliant with those of study by Christopher O and FB Lawal, but differ from those by Nandita Association of factors such as social, stress, environment etc. form the basis for estimation of OHRQoLin work setups. These associations are essential in determination of the impact of oral health on quality of life and research should involve continuation evaluation of these.

Pages: 298-300<brAashna Dhingra, Ajay Bhambal, and Saman KhanDepartment of Public Health DentistryPeople’s College of Dental…
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