Page: 403-410

O.P. Sharma (Department of Psychology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan) Vismita Paliwal (Department of Psychology, NIMS University, Jaipur, Rajasthan) Mangi Lal
(Department of Psychology, Jai Narayan Vyas University, Jodhpur, Rajasthan)

Teachers, their well-being, their professionalism and their professional development are critical in any discussion as to how to improve educational performance. The purpose of the study was to analyze the effect of rural and urban background and gender on the level of psychological well-being and self-efficacy among teachers of Rajasthan. Sample of 300 teachers was selected among which 150 were rural and 150 were urban areas of Rajasthan. Among both rural and urban teachers 75 were male and 75 female. The age range of the teachers was 25-45 years. Ryff's psychological well-being scales (PWB) (Ryff, 1989) and Teacher Self-efficacy Scale (Bandura, 1977) were conducted on the sample selected. Scoring of response sheets was done by the investigator himself according to the scoring keys given in the manuals of three tests. For the determination of significance of mean differences the student's “t” test were applied between the gender (male & female) and location (rural & urban) of the schools. It was found that the Level of Positive relations, self acceptance and total psychological well being were found significantly more on male teachers of rural area than female teachers of rural area. It was also indicated that female teachers of urban area were found to have more level of Environmental Mastery, positive relations, self acceptance, purpose in life, personal growth dimensions of psychological well being scale, and total psychological well being than male teachers of urban area. The urban teachers had significantly high Personal Growth dimension of psychological well being than rural teachers. The limitations and implications of the study were stated.

Page: 414-416

Anjali Singh and Sunita Kumari (Department of Psychology, Shri Varshney College, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh)

The present research was undertaken to examine a comparative study of personal stress among employed and unemployed graduates. The sample comprised of two hundred graduates in which one hundred employed and one hundred unemployed at Aligarh district. The data was collected from the help of personal stress source inventory (PSSI) developed by Singh, Singh, and Singh. The data was analyzed using mean, SD and t-test. The finding of the present study revealed that significant difference between employed graduates and unemployed graduates. On personal stress source inventory unemployed graduates have higher level of stress than employed graduates.

Page: 422-424

Gurwinder Singh and Manjinder Kaur (Department of Education and Community Service, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab)

In this paper, an attempt has made to study of perception of teachers towards achieving the goals of Sarv Shiksha Abhyan at Primary and Upper Primary Level. Keeping in view the nature of the study, the investigator developed and standardized the perception scale. For the present study, purposive sampling has been done and 50 teachers were selected. After analysis of the data, it was found that special attention needs to be taken on building new classrooms, availability of appropriate furniture, a check on the expenditure of mid-day meal, separate toilets for boys and girls. Also it has been found that mid-day meal has a positive effect on the enrolment and regularity of students.

Page: 429-431

Dineshwar Roy (Department of Psychology, Samastipur College Samastipur, Bihar)

The purpose of the present study was to find out the effect of education level of couples on marital happiness and adjustment. As the educational level increased, the marital happiness also increased. Study also proved that higher the educational level, greater the mean score of marital adjustment. The study demonstrated that the educational level influences the marital adjustment and marital happiness of couples. Educational levels of partners, was independent variables and marital adjustment and marital happiness were dependent variables. To measures these variables, Kumar and Rohatagi (1999) Marital Adjustment questionnaire and Azrin, Nester, and Jones (1973) Marital Happiness scale were used. Besides these scales /inventory, a. short questionnaire related to respondents' background variables was also used. In the first part of the analysis, Mean, Mdns, S.Ds., Skewness, Reliability of the used inventory/scale were computed. Inter as well as intra correlation of the obtained scores was also computed.

Page: 441-444

Pratibha Kapahi (Department of Psychology, Model Inter +2 School, Samastipur, Bihar)

The study was conducted to assess the effect of level of internet addiction (H-L) and level of aspirations educational aspiration (H-L) and occupational aspirations (H-L) on academic achievement/ performance of adolescents.100 adolescents (50 Boys & 50 Girls ) were involved in the study. The Educational aspiration Scale (Saxena's, 1984) and Occupational aspiration Scale (Grewal,1975) and the Internet Addiction questionnaire (Kimberly Young, 1992) were taken and considered as independent variables and academic achievement of adolescents were considered as dependent variables in the present study. For assess the Academic Achievement marks secured by the students in their last consecutive examination of 10+2 were used. High scores on Educational aspiration and Occupational aspiration shows that adolescent were high aspirant toward their educational as well as occupational choices and vice-versa also Educational and Occupational aspiration has a positive and contributory effect on the Academic achievement of adolescents. Results also revealed that High scores on the Internet Addiction shows poor academic achievement of adolescents. The obtained data were analyzed with Mean, SDs, SEM, and mean difference were computed by computing t-test.

Page: 450-453

Sonali Walia, Atreyo Mondal, and P.R. Mondal (Department of Anthropology, University of Delhi, Delhi)

Women's reproductive health is a sensitive indicator of the health of a society. Reproductive health of women includes the menarche, age at marriage, still birth, abortions and mortality. Women's reproductive health has been the centre of attention in various conferences where stress is laid on population control, women empowerment, gender equality, mother and child health etc. The objective of this study is to evaluate the demographic profile of women (age, sex, occupation, & education). To perceive the reproductive profile (age at menarche, age at marriage ,still births, neonatal death, & mortality). A cross-sectional study was performed on women aged 15-55 years of Todapur-Dasghara. A data of 900 was collected using interview schedule. The results showed that the mean age at menarche is 13.99 years. It was observed that 59.7% of the women got married before 18 years of age. The median age at first marriage is 18.72 years. Abortions and Neonatal deaths reported were less. The crude death rate is 7.26.The infant mortality rate is 26.6 per 1000 live births. It may be concluded that every married women of Todapur-Dasghara is less educated with a lower mean age at marriage. Infant mortality is low but overall mortality is high.

Page: 459-463

Sarathi Hembram (Psychiatric Social Worker, Mental Health Institute, Center of Excellence
SCBMCH, Cuttack, Odisha) Manisha Kiran (Department of Psychiatric Social Work, Ranchi Institute of Neuropsychiatry and Allied Sciences, (RINPAS) Kanke, Ranchi, Jharkhand)

Negative stereotypes and stigmatizing attitudes against mentally ill persons have powerful historical roots in many cultures. The common perception of these persons, who are unable to defend their rights, is that they are dangerous, violent and unpredictable (Arboreda-Florez & Sartorius, 2008). The present study aimed to find out attitudes towards mental illness among tribal and non-tribal population: a comparative study paper presents a preliminary investigation regarding the public perceptions and attitudes about mental illness using an adapted version of the Opinions about Mental Illness Scale (Cohen & Struening, 1962). The participants were 200 (100 tribal participants with having mental ill patient & 100 non tribal participants with having mental ill patient) and the following five attitudinal dimensions were investigated: Authoritarianism (the opinion that people with a mental illness cannot be held accountable for their acts & they should be controlled by society), benevolence (an attitude that could be placed between tolerance & pity/compassion), mental hygiene ideology (the opinion that mental illness is similar to other illnesses & it should be treated adequately by specialists), social restrictiveness (the opinion that mentally ill persons should be restricted in some social domains), and interpersonal a etiology (the belief that the real cause of a mental illness are the problematic interpersonal relations). Majority of the participants were from rural, of whom 166 (83%) were male and 34 (17%) were female with regards to OMI scale the item, viz ., 'the law should a women to divorce her husband as soon as he has been confined in mental hospital with severe mental illness' both the groups tribal with patient 52% and 56% non tribal with patient were neutral (significant at 0.024, p<0.05). Overall no significant level of difference revealed among tribal with patient and non tribal with patient with regards to attitude towards mental illness. Knowledge of mental illness among the general public was quite poor and suggests the need for strong emphasis on public education to increase mental health literacy among general public to increase awareness and positive attitude of people towards mental illness.

Page: 471-474

P. N. Sandheep and G. S. Venumadhava (Department of Criminology and Forensic Science, Karnataka University, Dharwad, Karnataka)

Aim of this research study is to exhibits the present scenario of forensic hand writing analysis such as lack of knowledge regarding the forensic hand writing analysis in the criminal justice system including police force. Forensic document examination mainly concentrated on the analysis of disputed handwriting and signatures and comparison of disputed writing with standard writings. The criminal justice system is a system which provides justice to the person, who committed crimes. Objective of the hand writing analysis is the identification of the source of writing and its importance in particular offence, etc. The source of writing can be decided by the characteristics, which are available in the writing. In some cases the source of writing may leads to the identification of offender. Hence our criminal justice system should have the knowledge about the technology of forensic hand writing examination. As of this reason the evidence collecting authority whether it police or court should collect the proper and suitable standards. In this simple research study the examiner collect the number of files which have no proper standards available for the hand writing analysis and find the percentage of same. The percentage and result of the examination has been being discussed in detail in this research paper. As of this study we will get an alert for collecting the proper standards and importance of admitted standards on the forensic signature analysis and inevitability of possessing knowledge regarding the forensic hand writing examination in the criminal justice system.

Page: 480-486

Uparikar D. Premkant and Singh R. Amool (Department of Clinical Psychology, Ranchi Institute of Neuro-Psychiatry and Allied Sciences, Kanke, Ranchi, Jharkhand)

Models of psychopathology recognize that automatic behavior without conscious attention to behavior (mindlessness) is associated with intrusive and ruminative thoughts about past or future events, leading to distressed states of mind, passivity, and the repetition of habitual coping patterns that ultimately leads into emotional dysregulation. So, mindfulness based intervention can plays an important role on emotion regulation. Aim of the present study was to examine the application of Mindfulness based intervention on emotional regulation among individual with alcohol dependence syndrome. To carry out this study, fourteen individuals diagnosed with ADS were taken from inpatient services of RINPAS, Kanke, Ranchi. Amongst these, seven individuals were randomly distributed in experimental group (MBRPT group) and Treatment as usual group (TAU group). Amongst the fourteen patients, seven patients were the part of TAU group and they received treatment as usual only. Other seven patients, forming of MBRPT group were provided with the Mindfulness based relapse prevention therapy program. Nature of the sample was purposive sampling. Socio-Demographic and Clinical Data Sheet was used to obtain information about age, gender, education, duration of illness, symptoms, dependency pattern, and treatment history etc. Outcome variables were measures by two scales i.e. Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale, and The Stages of Change Readiness and Treatment Eagerness Scale. Participants meeting inclusion criteria for the study were assessed by tools for pre-assessment. Therapeutic program consisted of approximately 16 sessions or as per as requirement. Outcome variables were emotion regulation, readiness for motivational change. The findings furnished evidence for the mediating mechanisms through which the relapse can be avoided by using higher emotional regulatory capabilities and tolerance of distressful emotional environment. Present study suggests that MBRPT leads to significant improvement in the acceptance of distressful emotions, less emotional involvement in engaging goal directed activities, intellectual awareness of ones emotions, positive over conventional patterns which stimulate accessibility of emotional coping strategies and readiness to change the current habit pattern.

Page: 490-492

Reena (Department of Economics, CMJ University, Meghalaya)

MSMEs sector has been speculated as a vivacious, and vibrant sector in the overall industrial development of Indian economy, and this sector also plays as an important device for the development of the Indian economic system through its contribution in many fields such as; employment generation, growth in export, foreign exchange, industrial output, and living up to the requirement of new material to heavy and large-scale industries in India. Banks always stood behind the growth of MSMEs in all possible ways. Credit landing institutions have also played an important role in development of MSME sector in India. IFI and the Government has a vital contribution in development and promotion of MSME sector. The present paper analyzes the role of banks in development of MSME in India.

Page: 497-499

Sandeep (Department of Applied Psychology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, Haryana) Suman Behmani (Haryana School of Business, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, Haryana) Rakesh Kumar Behmani
(Department of Applied Psychology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, Haryana)

This paper tries to throw some light on the correlation between different level of stress, personality traits and psychological needs. Newcomer college students have to face many difficulties in their college life. Because of their transition period from adolescence to adulthood, they have to face many challenges in life like academic completion, leaving home for college first time in life, academic stress and difficulties in sleep pattern during exam period. Researchers have also found out some significant personality traits that are related to stress in life of college students. Researchers have also lighted on psychological counselling needs that are related to college students. This paper also tries to determine how personality traits, psychological stress, and psychological needs are related to each other.

Page: 503-505

SomDutt (Dr. Bhim Rao Ambedkar Library, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, Haryana)

To fulfil the demands and quench the thrust of information of modern readers, the library plays a pivotal role in actual sense. Presently, the libraries are not confined to procure the print materials and issue and return only. In the twenty first century, the Libraries have become the scaffold of different kinds sources and resources. In the 21st century, the users need the information at their fingertips and on single platform. Therefore, the technology has been adopted in the libraries pursuit and makes them capable enough to meet the requirements of the ultra-modern users. In fact, it won't be an exaggeration to say that technologies have changed the orientation of the societies in general and libraries in particular as libraries have reached at the threshold of the end users. Likewise, the lawyers have also required the latest information and archived information to pursue the case of their clients. Hence, legal libraries equally important even more updated in comparison to academic and public libraries. Moreover, library enhances the knowledge of the legal professionals. Therefore, the present paper will try to elicit the role of legal libraries for lawyers.