Pages: 849-851
R. Nithya (Department of Psychology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu)

The belief about global abilities of oneself (Self-efficacy) is strongly connected to Functional Disabilities (Herter, 2006). Functional Disability, known as a physical condition that limits a person's movement, senses or activities. Harter (1999) showed a connection between Self Efficacy and Functional Disabilities. Although Self-Efficacy and Functional Disabilities have been shown to be important variables in the phenomenology and maintenance of healthy life in adolescents, they have yet to be examined in conjunction with one another. The present study was conducted with an objective to evaluate the effect of Cyclic Meditation on Self- Efficacy and Functional Disability among Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Insomnia participants. A total sample of 50 Obstructive Sleep Apnea patients identified, based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria from a Diagnostic Centre in Coimbatore, and was approached for the data collection. The results highlights that the experimental group displayed a significantly higher response in Self-Efficacy and lower response in Functional Disability variables. Sleep Apnea Patients have been identified as having problems with Functional Disability and Self-Efficacy. In this study, the cyclic meditation to be given by an objective to enhance the OSA and insomnia patients to gain more self confidence in dealing with routine tasks and become responsible in all the activities undertaken. The present study showed that cyclic meditation was effective in reducing Functional Disability of patients with OSA and insomnia, who regularly attended the therapy sessions. The study revealed the efficacy of the intervention techniques that is using cyclic meditation in patient with Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Insomnia. The experimental group recorded a significant improvement in Self Efficacy and reduction in Functional Disability variables are a major finding of the study.

Pages: 856-859
Gurmanprit Kaur, D. Srivalli, and Priyanka Anjan Rao (Department of Applied Psychology, University of Delhi, South Campus, Delhi)

The issues of women sports in India have not received much attention. This study focuses on the experiences of Indian women boxers, who have represented India at international level. For the purpose of data collection 15 international boxers were interviewed using semi structured interview schedule. Drawing upon the data, the research shows that the boxing has influenced their lives in several ways. They have adopted the principals of sportsmanship in their Personal life, which led them to become more confident and strong both mentally as well as physically by fighting against all odds and stigma primarily associated with this game since boxing is perceived as a 'masculine game' and not suitable for women as it is considered as a bloodthirsty and dangerous sport.

Pages: 864-869
Sara M. Gorman and Madhavi Menon (Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, College of Psychology, Nova Southeastern University, 3301 College Avenue, Fort Lauderdale, F.L.)

Bilingualism is the ability to understand and produce more than one language. Three forms of bilingualism have been identified in children: compound bilingualism, coordinate bilingualism, and sub-coordinate bilingualism. The bilingual advantage is the notion that because bilinguals are constantly selecting one language and inhibiting the other(s) that they speak, they develop heightened executive functioning. The following manuscript reviews the literature on bilingualism and its linkages to language and executive functioning across the human lifespan. Overall, the literature seems to posit that bilingualism can lead to decreased performance on language tasks throughout life, although it does not impair language development as previously suspected. Moreover, the literature also suggests that bilinguals develop increased executive functioning abilities as compared to monolinguals. A review of the literature suggests that bilinguals' increased executive functioning begins in childhood and persists throughout adulthood. Further some research also suggests that bilingualism might protect older adults from some age-related cognitive declines. Overall, the literature suggests that there is a bilingual advantage, albeit limited to some specific circumstances.

Pages: 874-877
Sudha Rathore and Kirti Maheshwari (Department of Psychology, The IIS University, Jaipur, Rajasthan)

The current paper makes use of a commercially successful movie “Dear Zindagi” to introduce the concept of counselling and guidance to a large Indian population as a means of exposing the conductions of counselling sessions. This is a movie about Kaira (Bhatt), cinematographer by profession, who is going through a tumultuous period of life. For this she approaches Khan/Jug (Khan) who is a Psychologist /Counsellor/therapist by profession. This paper is an attempt to break the long held myth regarding professional counselling in the Indian society. It envisages the technical aspects of multiple therapies used at different stages of a counselling session. The movie is a beautiful attempt of how a client with the help of a psychologist/counsellor successfully copes with her emotional and behavioural problem, which has its roots in her childhood and this paper provide a psychological reflection of the same.

Pages: 881-883
Neelam Rathee (Department of Psychology, Post Graduate Govt. College for Girls, Sector -11, Chandigarh)

Wellness is an active process of becoming aware of and making choices toward a more successful existence. It has also been described as the constant, conscious pursuit of living life to its fullest potential. Wellness is a combination of healthiness and happiness. The self-actualization process for the personal growth helps create true happiness from within. Happiness is a choice one has to make. In a world of seemingly endless options, the choices which we make for ourselves make us happier. If there is a big clash between our own choices and the options which we are pressurized to choose, incongruity between the real and ideal self develops. This leads to a disintegrated and maladjusted personality. Freedom of choice with complete acceptance and support from the significant others ushers one to the fullest realization of the potential. It enhances the acceptance of self. It leads to the virtues of optimism, trust, self-respect and autonomy which make us more confident, self-reliant, positive, secure and happier. Further it develops a healthy and balanced personality striving to actualize, maintain and enhance the experiencing organism. Such an organism on a path of personal growth is a perfect combination of happiness, healthiness and wellness. In this paper, such a model of wellness based on freedom of choice has been proposed which instills personal growth with a healthy and happy life.

Pages: 887-891
Poonam Jagdish Varma (Department of School Counseling, School of Scholar, Kaulkhed, Akola, Maharashtra)

The basic aims of present study were to study the attachment of mother with their children according to the nature of work of the mother and to find out the link between sex (male / female) and the attachment of the mother. The sample used for the study was 360 mothers selected by purposive randomized sampling design. Maternal Attachment Scale was used for data collection prepared by Borse. The results of the present study show that the main effect of Nature of mothers work is not significant (F = 0.06, p > 0.05) As per the means of attachment scores are 69.83 and 70.17 respectively, for the working and non-working mothers, its shows that nature of mothers employment has no effect on attachment. Second result shows that means of attachment scores are 68.36 and 71.65 respectively for the boys based mothers and girls based mothers. The main effect of sex based of mothers family (Table 21) is significant for attachment (F = 6.19, p < 0.05) significant. The girls based mothers scored higher on attachment than boys based mothers.

Pages: 895-899
Rachel Angelica Pereira and Sonakshi Ruhela (Department of Psychology, Amity University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates)

The present study aims at understanding the effects of depression and retirement on geriatrics. The study works to talk about how retirement and depressive symptoms would have an effect on the mental and physical health of the elderly. It intends to focus on the cognitive decline of a person when he or she retires and the role depression plays in cognitive retardation. It also looks at the relationship between depression and dementia. Results show a great relation between retirement and depressive symptoms along with a variety of factors on the overall health of an elderly person. Other mental and physical health problems also show a strong correlation to people of old age being at a higher risk to depressive symptoms.

Pages: 908-911
Shilpi Aggarwal and Punam Midha (Department of Psychology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana)

Internet, over last one decade, has become an integral part of our daily life. In the contemporary technological era, though internet has connected people 24x7, yet this nearness has appeared to be resulted into a psychological distance among them. Hence there are controversial evidences as some have reported more closeness can be observed among internet users, while others have reported that internet usage has led to loneliness among its users. So the present study in an attempt to explore the level of internet usage and its association with intrinsic disconnectivity, i.e., feeling of loneliness among its young users. A purposive sample of 60 college students both male and female within the age range of 19 to 21 years both from urban and rural areas of Faridabad district was drawn. To measure the internet usage and loneliness level, Young's Internet Addiction test and UCLA Loneliness Scale (Russel, 1996) were used. Descriptive statistics was used to find out the prevalent level of internet usage and the level of loneliness among youth. Further, correlational analysis was done to find out the relationship between internet connectivity and corresponding intrinsic disconnectivity among youth.

Pages: 915-916
Poonam Rani and Bimla Dhanda (Department of Human Development and Family Studies, I.C. College of Home Science, CCSHAU, Hisar, Haryana)

Maternal education has positive impacts on soft skills and social skills of children. Soft skills including effective communication, social, professional ethics, problem solving, decision-making, and organizational skills are needed in adventure education to enhance the learning of children. The study was conducted in Hisar district of Haryana state. Two areas were selected purposively i.e., rural and urban, from urban area Hisar city and from rural area two villages namely Balsmand and Kharia were taken for collection of data. A total of 200 children in three age groups, namely, 3, 4 and 5 years were selected for the study. Maternal education was independent variable. Soft skills and social skills were taken as dependent variable. Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale of Social Maturity (Sparrow et al., 1935) was used to determine soft skills and social skills among children. Result revealed that soft and social skills were significantly related with mother education (c2 = 27.73**) and (c2 = 12.36*) in rural areas but both skills were not significant with mother education in urban (c2 = 2.45) and (2 = 1.29) areas.

Pages: 920-922
Ritu Rani, Nandha Kumara Pujam, and Riya (Department of Clinical Psychology, Amity University, Madhya Pradesh)

Sexual dysfunction is defined as the inability to enjoy the sexual activities or disturbed sexual desires. It is a difficulty at any stage of the sexual activity including arousal, pleasure, orgasm and resolution. The objective of the current study is to compare the sexual dysfunction between patients with depression and mania. This is a descriptive study using cross sectional study design. The sample comprises of 20 patients with depression and 20 patients with mania (both male & female). Data were collected from Gajraraja Medical College, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh; the samples were selected using random sampling method. To assess the sexual dysfunction “Changes in Sexual Functioning for Female (CSFQ-F) and Changes in Sexual Functioning for Male (CSFQ-M) were used. Data was analyzed using SPSS 16.0 version to compute the independent “t” test to assess the mean difference between mania and depression in sexual dysfunction. The results showed decreased sexual functioning in the depressive disorder and hypersexuality in mania.

Pages: 928-930
Poonam and Shalini Singh (Department of Psychology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana)

The present study aims to explore the relationship between spiritual values, organizational citizenship behavior and performance of nurses. For the purpose of the study, a sample of 100 female nurses of age group between 30-40 years which having five years experience in their profession. Government hospital nurses has been selected in the sample. Spirituality Attitude scale, Organizational Citizenship Behavior, Nursing Performance Scale were administered on the subjects. Data was analyzed by using correlation method. The result reveals that positive relationship between spiritual values, organizational citizenship behavior and performance of nurses.

Pages: 934-937
Preeti Masih (Department of Psychology, St. Johns College, Agra, Uttar Pradesh)

In the United States, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) define child maltreatment as any act or series of acts of commission or omission by a parent or other caregiver that results in harm, potential for harm, or threat of harm to a child. There are four major categories of child abuse: neglect, physical abuse, psychological/ emotional abuse, and child sexual abuse. By learning some of the common warning signs of child abuse and neglect, we can catch the problem as early as possible and get both the child and the abuser the help that they need. Children are at a much greater risk in certain situations: alcohol and drug abuse, stress and lack of support, domestic violence, lack of parenting skills and untreated mental illness. Some of the effects of child abuse and neglect are physiological effect, psychological effect, trust and relationship difficulties, and core feelings of being “worthless” or “damaged” and trouble regulating emotions. According to the BBC News 2017, in India, a child is sexually abused every 15 minutes, according to the latest government figure a study on Child Abuse: India 2007, conducted by Ministry of Women and Child development (GOI) revealed, two out of every three children were physically abused. 53.22% children reported having faced one or more forms of sexual abuse. Every second child reported facing emotional abuse. India has signed a number of international documents and declarations that pertain to the rights of the children. The Constitution of India contains a number of provisions for the protection and welfare of the children. It found that child neglect and child abuse were far more common in single-parent families than in families where both parents are present. A number of treatments are available to victims of child abuse, trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy, child-parent psychotherapy, group therapy, play therapy, and art therapy.

Pages: 941-942
Nikita Hazarika, Nandha Kumara Pujam, and Riya (Department of Clinical Psychology, Amity University, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh)

ADHD is the one of the common neuro-developmental condition in children; however more studies are required to identify the prevalence in Indian context. Hence the present study aimed to determine the gender difference with ADHD symptoms among school going children in Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh. It was a cross sectional study done on a total of 542 school going children with the age group of 5-12 years using Conner's Abbreviated Rating Scale by Quota Sampling method. Data was analysed for percentage and frequency using SPSS 16.0 version. Results showed a prevalence of 47 children with ADHD symptoms out of 542 children in which 37 were males and 10 were females. This study indicates the importance of early recognition and early intervention of this disorder.