Women Empowerment in India: Challenges and Opportunities

Description

Page: 788-784

Naseeb, Virender, and Rashmi Tyagi (Department of Sociology, CCS HAU, Hisar, Haryana)

Women’s empowerment in India is a complex and multidimensional issue influenced by historical, socio-economic, political, and cultural factors. This review paper explores the challenges and opportunities associated with women’s empowerment, analyzing various aspects such as education, healthcare, workforce participation, political representation, and legal frameworks. The study highlights the progress made through constitutional provisions, government initiatives, and civil society efforts while acknowledging persistent gender disparities in employment, wage gaps, and decision-making power. Issues such as gender-based violence, socio-economic vulnerabilities, and deeply rooted patriarchal structures continue to hinder women’s full participation in society. The paper also examines the role of education and technology in advancing women’s rights, emphasizing the significance of digital literacy, vocational training, and entrepreneurship. Furthermore, it discusses the impact of corporate social responsibility (CSR), media representation, and women’s participation in arts, literature, and culture in shaping public perceptions and advocating for gender equality. Despite various policy measures, rural and urban women face different levels of discrimination and empowerment opportunities. The paper concludes that a holistic, intersectional approach-combining legal, economic, social, and political strategies-is essential for achieving gender equity in India. Future efforts should focus on enhancing policy implementation, promoting grassroots activism, and fostering societal mindset shifts to ensure sustainable and inclusive development for women.