Synthesis and Characterization of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles: A Review

Description

Narender Kumar¹ and Naresh² (Department of Physics, Dayanand College, Hisar, Haryana¹ and Department of Physics, GJUS&T, Hisar, Haryana²)

Metal oxide nanoparticles (MONPs) possess unique physicochemical properties, making them versatile materials for applications in catalysis, biomedicine, electronics, and environmental remediation. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the synthesis techniques, characterization methods, properties, and applications of MONPs. Both conventional physical and chemical synthesis methods and emerging green synthesis approaches are discussed in detail. The article highlights the critical role of advanced characterization techniques in understanding the morphology, structure, and functional properties of MONPs. Finally, future challenges and perspectives in MONP research are presented.