HIV Risk Behaviors, Suicide Ideation, Substance Use and Support Strategies amongst Female Sex Workers: A Review

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Page: 1157-1160

Sumedh Gulde¹ and Anjali Kedari² (Department of Psychology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra¹ and Department of Psychology, Abeda Inamdar Senior College, Pune, Maharashtra²)

Sex work, one of the world’s oldest professions, holds deep historical and cultural significance, particularly in India, where its roots trace back to ancient texts and societal roles. Despite evolving from a respected occupation in ancient India, supported by state-funded education and pensions, to its contemporary context marked by legal complexities, sex workers in India remain a marginalized group facing severe health and mental health challenges. Female sex workers (FSWs) are especially vulnerable to HIV risk behaviors, including unprotected intercourse and substance abuse, due to socioeconomic issues. Their mental health crisis is further highlighted by high rates of anxiety, PTSD, sadness, and suicidal thoughts. This review examines the complex role of HIV risk behaviors, substance use, and suicidal ideation among FSWs in India, emphasizing the need for effective support structures and interventions. The lack of comprehensive research within the Indian context highlights the urgent necessity to address these issues holistically. Moreover, the review explores existing legal frameworks and public health initiatives, such as those led by the National AIDS Control Organization, while identifying gaps in addressing mental health and support systems for sex workers. This review seeks to elucidate the complex issues encountered by FSWs and to enhance the dialogue around healthcare accessibility, legislative reforms, and stigma alleviation for this at-risk group.