An Approach to Studying Cognitive Styles among Stutterers and Non-stutterers in Relation to Communication, Intelligence, Ego-strength, and Dependence Proneness

Description

Page: 151-153

Sajid Parwez (Rehabilitation Psychologist, Sona Devi University, Ghatsila, Jharkhand)

Cognitive style, defined as an individual’s preferred way of processing and organizing information, has been a subject of interest in understanding differences between individuals who stutter and those who do not (non-stutterers). This paper reviews existing literature on cognitive style differences between these groups, focusing on communication, Intelligence, Ego-strength and dependence proneness. Studies suggest that stutterers exhibit differences in communication, ego strength, and dependence proneness but lack of differences in Intelligence. The literature suggests that individuals who stutter tend to have more rigid cognitive styles and lower ego strength compared to non-stutterers. These cognitive and emotional factors contribute to the persistence of stuttering and speech-related anxiety. Strengthening ego-resilience through therapy and mindset shifts can play a crucial role in helping PWS (Perceived weight stigma) develop more adaptive cognitive styles and improved speech fluency. The literature suggests that PWS exhibit more rigid cognitive styles and higher dependence-proneness compared to non-stutterers. These characteristics reinforce avoidance behaviors and reliance on external support, impacting their independence in social and decision-making situations. However, therapeutic approaches focused on increasing cognitive flexibility and self-efficacy can help PWS develop more adaptive, independent cognitive and social strategies. The literature confirms that stuttering is not linked to lower intelligence, as PWS generally have IQ scores within the normal range. However, differences exist in verbal fluency, processing speed, and working memory, which may affect speech production. PWS tend to exhibit more cognitive rigidity and lower cognitive flexibility, making it harder for them to adapt to speech challenges. While intelligence itself is not affected, certain cognitive functions related to speech processing may contribute to stuttering severity.