Indian Journal of Health and Wellbeing

Pages: 415-417
Balwinder Kaur Lamba (Department of Physiotherapy, Punjabi University, Patiala)
Agyajit Singh (Ex. Head, Department of Psychology, Punjabi University, Patiala)

The present study was conducted to investigate the relationships among depression, social organisations, cognitive skills, memory and instrumental activities of daily living depression in elderly people. This study was carried out on 60 elderly people (both men and women). The tools used were Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), Mini-cog assessment instrument, Instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs). Results revealed a significant relationship between depression, cognitive skills, memory and activities of daily living. It was concluded that most of the elderly people who were members of some social organizations were lesser prone to depression and had better cognitive skills, memory and hence were more independent in carrying out instrumental activities of daily living independently.

Pages: 423-426
Pooja M. Gailakoti and Aradhana Shukla (Department of Psychology, Kumaun University, Almora)

In this study an attempt was made to find out the developmental impact of locale, gender and family type on well-being. Two hundred forty participants studying in Xth and /XIIth served in this study and they were arranged according to the requirements of 4-way factorial design with three locale (city, town and village), two grade (X and Xii), two gender (boy and girl) and two types of family (joint and nuclear) i.e.; 10 participant per cell. Data were analyzed by 4-way ANOVA and it was found that pattern of well-being was influenced by grade and gender. All interactions were significant. It was contended that a) variation in locale would cause variation in well-being, b) variation in grade would cause variation in well-being, c) variation in gender would cause variation in well-being, d) variation in family type would cause variation in well-being.

Pages: 431-432
Gomathi K. and Yegammai C. (Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore)

Five hundred destitute women were selected based on judgment sampling from home for women in difficulty, home for the aged destitute, old age home and Tsunami rehabilitation centre in Coimbatore District. Among the selected destitute women majority (22.8 per cent) were in the age group of 65-74 years. Of the selected destitute women, majority (30.4 per cent) of them became destitute due to widowhood. Majority (29.2 per cent) of the women live as destitute for more than 16 years. All the selected 500 destitute women (100 per cent) had the psychological problem of feeling sad, wandering thoughts, depression and restlessness. Many cases go unrecognized and so are not offered potentially beneficial interventions

Pages: 437-442
Krishna Kumar Mishra (Department of Psychology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi)

The present study examined the Health related quality of life (HRQOL) of men and women living in urban and rural settings. The sample consisted of 400 males and females of 15 to 70 years drawn from Varanasi district. The respondents were given the 26 items WHOQOL- BREF scale, which measures four domains of QOL namely, physical health, psychological states, social relationships and environment. Demographic features of participants were also recorded. The overall QOL of the urban sample was better than that of the rural sample. Urban participants scored significantly higher than the rural in psychological health, social relationships and environment domains of the QOL. However, these differences were linked to gender of the participants. While in the rural setting males had a better QOL, in the urban setting females had a better QOL. Difference in the QOL of males and females was also more pronounced in the rural than urban setting.

Pages: 448-451
Manmeet Kaur Reen and Deepali Sharma (Department of Human Development and Family Relations, Govt. Home Science College, Panjab University, Chandigarh)

A comparative study was carried out on a sample of 140 school going adolescents from class IX. A standardized questionnaire was administered to determine the prevalence of aggression in adolescents of private and government schools of Chandigarh . The results were analyzed using t-test. Regarding the school type, there were no significant differences between adolescents coming from government schools and those studying in private schools. Related to the sub scales of aggression, there was no gender difference except for the Anger scale (AngS) in which female respondents showed significantly high scores as compared to their male counterparts .The findings highlighted the need of intervention aimed at anger management. Workshops and seminars can also be organized for parents, teachers and adolescents on adolescents' aggressive behavior.

Pages: 455-457
Manmohan Singh (Research Scholar, Singhania University, Rajasthan)
Agyajit Singh (Ex. Head, Department of Psychology, Punjabi University, Patiala)

The purpose of the present study was to find out the significant differences on emotional maturity of secondary school teachers in respect to sex, locations of schools and types of schools of teachers. It was hypothesized that there would be no significant differences on different aspects of emotional competency between male and female teachers, between rural and urban schools teachers as well as those of Govt and private schools. For it, 400 secondary school teachers were selected randomly; out of which were 200 were male and 200 were female teachers. Out of the total sample, 200 teachers (100 male and 100 female) were from rural schools and 200 (100 male and 100 female) were from urban schools. Similarly, 200 teachers were taken from government schools and 200 were taken from private managed but recognized schools. All these teachers were administered Emotional Competency Scale devised by Bhardwaj and Sharma for measuring emotional maturity. The results reveal that significant differences exist on some dimensions of emotional competency between male and female teachers, rural and urban school teachers as well as teachers of the government and private schools.

Pages: 462-465
Nirmala Chava (Department of Psychology, St. Anns College of Education, Secunderabad, A.P.)

Stress and strain and anxiety are experienced by adolescents, especially students. The study is an attempt to find out the anxiety among the students. The total sample for the present study was 743 (male=373 and female=370). State and Trait Anxiety inventory i.e. STAI form Y-1 and STAI form Y-2 were used for the study was developed by Charles D. Spielberger. A demographic questionnaire developed by the researcher was also used. A quantitative survey method was employed using statistical procedures such as t-test and f-test. The findings of the study points out that there were significant influence and difference between the demographical variables like syllabus, place of staying, working members in the family, tuitions, socio-economic status on anxiety. Based on the findings of the study a set of recommendations were formulated.

Pages: 471-477
Supriya Chaturvedi (Department of Psychology, Mahavidyalaya Bhatauli, Gorakhpur)
R. C. Tripathi (Department of Psychology, University of Allahabad Ex. Director, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute, Jhusi, Allahabad)

Emotional labour denotes the gap between felt and expressed emotions. It works as a control mechanism for the expression of emotions in organizations. It gets regulated and controlled through the mechanisms of selection, recruitment and socialization. An attempt has been made to explore three aspects (consistent, dissonance and masking) of emotional labour in different organizations of varying nature. 50 samples were targeted from each of these organizations. However, a total number of 141 samples came in hand to give a final shape to this study. To measure the three aspects of emotional labour eight vignettes were constructed. These vignettes consisted of four positive and four negative emotional situations which were further divided into emotions related with self (pride and joy for positive, fear and sadness for negative) and those related with others (sneha and hope for positive, anger and jealousy for negative). The objective was to explore whether real feelings find expression or not and which type of organizations reflect more real feelings. It was also to be explored whether expression of real feelings get governed by hierarchical positions; which type of emotional situations demand the most emotional labour and whether bases of power play any role in the expression of real feelings. A comparative analysis of these organizations was undertaken to find out these linkages. The findings present prevalence of masking at the bottom level of organizations whereas emotional labour occurred mostly in the case of feelings of anger, pride and hope. Among the bases of power, legitimate and expert powers were found associated with consistent and masking displays in case of positive emotional situations. It was also found that members of different organizations did express their Real Feelings in case of negative emotional events at their most.

Pages: 482-484
Anita Singh, Poonam and Shakuntla Punia (Department of Human Development and Family Studies I. C. College of Home Sciences, C.C.S.Haryana Agriculture University, Hisar, Haryana)

The present study laid its emphasis to explore the need of emotional regulation assessment for which elderly men and women be aware about as to live a happy and contended life, emotion regulation skills are must. The objectives of the study were to probe the family background, study the different emotional regulation strategies and cognitive emotion regulation strategy and to have a measure of emotional expression of elderly people. Descriptive survey method was employed and sample was selected by simple random sampling technique. Older adults showed enhanced emotion regulation and respondents used reappraisal strategy more as compared to suppression strategy for their emotion regulation. Most preferred adoptive cognitive strategy in elderly was refocus on planning and females were more expressive in their emotions as compared to males. Study indicating that improved management of emotions with age is an important factor in maintaining well-being in old age.

Pages: 487-490
Maryyam Khan and Amra Ahsan (Department of Psychology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, U.P.)

During the past two decades, HIV\AIDS has had a devastating impact on the health and social and economic well-being of populations in many parts of developing world. The continual spread of HIV\AIDS is an increasing global problem, with over 40 million people worldwide affected by the disease and over four million new infections every year. In addition to devastating the lives of individuals and families upon communities and countries. In 2003 alone, HIV\AIDS caused the death of more than three million people (All figures cited are based on UNAIDS, WHO, CDC data). That made it the number one killer among all infectious diseases. HIV\AIDS is a universal problem and must be recognized as such if it is to be fought effectively. However, often the poorest and most powerless are the most vulnerable from infection. Although prevalence rates in Muslim-majority countries often tends to be relatively low, rates are on the rise with the disease spreading from high risk groups such as injecting drug-users and sex-workers to the general population. Reasons for relatively low spread of HIV in Muslim are elaborate and convincing. Islam's greatest contribution to the HIV\AIDS epidemic is prevention. The Islamic position on morality, chastity and sanctity of marriage, needs to be shared with the world. Islam places a high-value on chaste behavior and vary clearly and obligatory prohibits extra marital and pre-marital relations. And moreover, Islam specifically prohibits adultery, homosexuality, and the use of intoxicants. Families must encourage and facilitate marriage, closing all doors that may lead to unlawful sex and pre-marital relationships. It is also necessary that prospective couples undergo HIV\AIDS testing before marriage. Muslims need to provide sex education and AIDS awareness programs from the perspective of the Qur'an and Sunnah to ensure that young receive this message within the framework of Islamic morals and values. The purpose of this paper is to highlight preventive techniques for HIV\AIDS through Islamic teachings.

Pages: 494-496
Sudha Katyal, Narinder Singh and Swati Goel (Department of Human Development & Family Relations, Govt. Home Science College, Chandigarh)

The aim of the present research investigation was to explore the perception of problems among adolescents studying in government and public schools. The sample of 100 (N = 100) students with equal number of males and females studying in class twelfth was randomly selected from government (n = 50) and public schools (n = 50). For identifying the perception of adolescents regarding their problems, a standardized Student Problems Inventory developed by Badami (1977) was used. In order to analyze the data, t-test was applied. Results depicted that significant difference existed between the mean scores of perception of problems of Govt. and Public school adolescents with regard to area of economic and material facilities (t= 2.261, p<. 05). Highly significant difference was also revealed in the mean scores of perception of problems of Govt. and Public school adolescents with regard to vocational area (t= 2.686, p< .01). The findings suggest that in the above two areas, public school adolescents perceived more problems as compared to their counterparts studying in govt. schools.

Pages: 499-502
Zaki Akhtar (Department of Psychology, Karim City College, Jamshedpur)

The present study is an attempt to find out the level of burnout experienced by the school teachers. The sample of this study was consisted of 320 school teachers working in different schools of Jamshedpur. The sample was based on stratified random sampling technique, the stratification being gender (Male and Female), work experience (High and Low) and nature of school (Government and Private). Maslach and Jackson (1981) was administered on the samples. ANOVA was applied to see the significance of difference among the various comparison groups. The result revealed that teachers of both gender did not differ significantly on their level of burnout. Further the result reveled that both the teachers belonging to government and private school managements differed significantly on their level of burnout. And high experience and low experience schools teachers differed significantly on their experience of burnout. Further the interaction effects are also discussed.