Indian Journal of Health and Wellbeing

Pages: 1521-1524
Sapana Singh (Department of Psychology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh)
Binayak Shankar (Personnel Management & Industrial Relations, Department of Psychology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh)

The socio economic factors are important determinants of human development. Research shows that socioeconomic status of family isassociated with a wide array of health, cognitive, and socio-emotional outcomes in children and its effects continuing into adulthood. Many empirical evidences have been found that better socioeconomic condition of family facilitate better emotion regulation abilities, cognitive functioning and well-being in children. The present studyanalyzes the role of socioeconomic status in emotion regulation and well-being of adults. The Socioeconomic Scale, Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, Life Satisfaction Scale, Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS) and Oxford Happiness Questionnaire have been used in the study for measuring these constructs. The scales are administered on 150 respondents including both male and female, from various courses of Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi. The correlational analysis of data revealed interesting findings.The high socioeconomic status has been found strongly and positively related to use of functional ER strategies and well-being and negatively related to use of dysfunctional ER strategies. The socioeconomic status revealed as a major predictorof emotion regulation and well-being.

Pages: 1533-1536
Sikandra (Department of Foods and Nutrition, CCS Haryana agricultural University, Hisar)
Ruby Siwach Sangwan (Research Scholar, NDRI, Karnal, Haryana)
Kavita (Department of HDFS, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar)

The present investigation was conducted on school going children (9-15 years) from Hisar and Gurgaon city, Haryana state India. A total of 400 obese children were selected randomly (200 each from both cities). Hundred healthy school going children having no history of obesity and matching the same age as those of obese children were taken as control (50 each from both cities). The information on socio-economic status, food habits and dietary pattern of the children was gathered using self-developed questionnaire. The study revealed that prevalence of obesity was higher (7.41%) among school going children from Gurgaon city as compared to Hisar city (5.79%). It was observed that mean values for most of the anthropometric parameters for obese respondents were significantly higher than non-obese group respondents.The study revealed that a higher percentage (57.5%) of obese children were from 12-15yr age group. Majorities of non-obese group (76%) as well as obese children were from nuclear families having up to five members in the family. Total monthly income of the family of obese respondents was above Rs. 15,000. Ten percent of non-obese children's fathers were above graduate whereas 30 to 36% of obese children's fathers were above graduate in Gurgaon and Hisar city,respectively. Income of the family of obese respondents was found positively associated with weight of obese respondents.

Pages: 1541-1543
Anurag Upadhaya (Government Inter College, Uttar Pradesh)
Richa Singh (Department of Psychology, Vasanta Collage for Women Varanasi, U.P.)

The topic of vigilance behavior in today's work setting such as air traffics control (ATC), industrial quality control, sonar and radar operations etc. is gaining much importance among cognitive neuroscientists, academicians, researches as well as psychologists. Like other cognitive capacities, the capacity to sustain attention i.e. vigilance, has been considered to represent a limited resource. This is regarded as the most important determinant of the vigilance decrement. The majority of investigators report large individual differences in susceptibility to decrement. Thus, personality has been found to affect vigilance performance across time periods, besides other individual difference factors. Extraversion and introversion is the central dimension of human personality which differs from each other in terms of cortical arousal level. Researches demonstrated that introverts, who had high level of arousal, showed less decrement function than extraverts, having low activation. But in several experimental studies hypothesized of greater decrement for extraverts was not supported. Moreover, the pattern of vigilance decrement changed with the time of day. Thus, as the technical development is growing rapidly, it has become increasingly necessary to examine how vigil function changes with personality type and task demand and to understand the extent to which these changes can affect their functioning. The researches on the personality aspect, until recently, have been limited in scope while it plays important role in predicting decline reactions during vigil. The present study examined the relationship of personality and sustained task performance. The experiment was conducted on 30 students of Banaras Hindu University (M±SD=22.35year±2.55). Participants were classified as introverts (N = 15) and extraverts (N = 15) based on their EPQ-R score. Performances in terms of correct and incorrect detection were collected. The experimental task comprised of two squares one of 3.5 cm. (target) and another of 3.3 cm (non-target). The task continued for 40 min. Target and non-target ratio was 1:4. The target probability was 20 percent. Participants were required to detect infrequently occurring critical signals. The task was designed on Super Lab (Cedrus, 2007 Version 4.0) and displayed on a 15” SVGA colour monitor of a Pentium IV computer. The overall mean correct detection performance (hits) indicated that introvert participants detected more targets (signals) (M = 88.74%, SD = 14.25%) than extravert participants (M = 75.48%, SD = 19.92%) on vigilance task. Results of personality components revealed that introverts were significantly related to performance efficiency during the task compare to extraverts. Present finding explains the importance of the individual difference factor in reducing the variability in performance which protects declination in vigil. Further the results support an arousal theory perspective in regards to the vigilance decrement.

Pages: 1548-1550
Vibha Chaudhary and Sanjay Kumar (Department of Psychology, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, U.P.)

The study was an attempt to explore the effect of 'Late Marriage' on marital adjustment, depression and stress among in married working women. Sample was consisted of 45 married working women, who were randomly selected from various professions. The selected subjects were randomly assigned to three groups according to their age at the time of marriage, i.e., early married; middle aged married and late married working women. A between groups experimental design was employed in the research. Obtained Results indicated that the late married working women (married after 32 years of age) were found to be showing significantly higher depression and poor marital adjustment as compared to other two groups.

Pages: 1554-1557
Tejbeer Kaur (Department of Psychology, Khalsa College, Patiala)
Inderpartap Singh (Department of Psychology, IGNOU, New Delhi)

Over the past years, there has been a burgeoning interest in gaining better understanding of violent behavior of women. Theories on marital violence stresses the importance of processes both internal and external to the individual in understanding women's acts of aggression. Research suggests that situational characteristics influence attributions for violent events. Models specific to domestic violence interpret women's use of violence within the context of their own victimization histories, their experiences of childhood trauma, and the depressive and posttraumatic symptoms that ensue. Women's status in a gendered society has been also found to play a prominent role in their violent behaviour, with low socioeconomic status, unemployment, poverty, and a lack of educational and vocational opportunities, all heightens women's risk for behaving violently. The role of women regarding marital violence is economically motivated, undertaken for survival purposes, and as a way of releasing accumulated tension. The present investigation attempted to examine the attributional styles of women. Total Sample comprised 80 women (40 each violent and non-violent), randomly drawn from Patiala city in the age range of 25- 55 years, working professionally. Psychological measure was used to assess attributional styles. Significant t-values indicated differences on various dimensions of attributional styles.

Pages: 1570-1572
Sabahat Abdullah and Archana Shukla (Department of Psychology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh)

Depression among people living with an HIV infection is a matter of extreme concern since depression in turn is associated with poor health outcomes and lower quality of life for them. The purpose of this study was to find out (1) the gender difference in symptoms of depression among people living with an HIV infection, and (2) to compare the symptoms of depression in this group to a demographically similar undiagnosed comparative group. Results indicated that seropositive women had the highest level of depression followed by seropositive men and the diagnosed group experienced more symptoms of depression than the undiagnosed group. The findings can be utilised to develop specialised, targeted intervention for people living with HIV infection.

Pages: 1577-1579
Devinder Kumar (Department of Psychiatry, General Hospital, Gurgaon, Haryana)
Sunila Rathee (Department of Psychiatry, University of Health, Rohtak, Haryana)
Brahmdeep Sindhu (Senior Medical Officer, General Hospital, Gurgaon, Haryana)

The issue of drug abuse is one of the major problems of contemporary society. The incidence of drug abuse among rural areas is getting un-expectedly high. The present study is conducted to know the socio-economic profile of drug addicts and to understand the pattern of drug abuse among drug addicts in district Gurgaon of Haryana. Present study revealed that drug abuse among rural youth is a multifaceted problem. Peer pressure or influence, addiction in family history and exposure to drugs were found to be main instigators for youth to indulge in drug abuse. One more interesting thing comes to know, it seems that peer group of drug abuser does not want that respondent quit the addiction, that's why only three friends come to meet during hospitalization and out of them 2 are comes to supply the substance.

Pages: 1584-1586
Vinita Singh and Neha Sonkar (Department of Psychology, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh)

Cyber bullying is defined as an actions that use information and communication technologies to support deliberate, repeated, and hostile behavior by an individual or group that is intended to harm another or others. The purpose of the study was to explore the nature of cyber bullying, its impacts and the use and effectiveness of online coping strategies used by young adult. The information was collected from those male and female who used communication technologies. The sample consisted of 80 young adults, female (N=60) male (N=20), age range 18 to 26years. Responses were obtained in 2 sections. Section 1 consist general information regarding name, age, educational qualification and in section 2 responses were obtained on cyber bullying by open-ended questions were asked regarding like experiences of cyber bullying, frequency of cyber bulling, and coping strategies. Result showed that numerous adults repeatedly fall victim to cyber bullying through name calling, abuse, harassment, exclusion, and impersonation. More than 75% of participants had used a form of online intervention to try to stop the cyber bullying (e.g. blocking, removing friends, changing own account name). Among them, blocking was found to be most effective, followed by removing the bully from their friends list. Although the study revealed a high proportion of female victims compared to males

Pages: 1593-1595
Maryam Nojavan (Sport Management, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Bandar Abbas, Hormozgan, Iran)
Leila Jamshidianb and Younes Mohammad Zadehc (Sport Management, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz Branch, Iran)
Roghieh Nooripour (Department and Family Counseling, Shahid Beheshti University, G.C., Tehran, Iran)
Jack Apsche (Walden University, Minneapolis MN, USA)

The aim of this study was to investigate effects of physical fitness on mental health of housewives aged 30-50 years. Population of this study included Shimiranat's housewives in Tehran that were selected according to official statistics 375 of 311,108 of total. A quasi experimental design with pre-test and post-test and a control group was used. Research instrument is Geriatric Health Questionnaire with 28items. Participants were housewives who aged 30-50 years and live in Shimiranat of Tehran (N=60). Data were analyzed by using SPSS software version 18 and then Covariance test, Shapiro Wilk test, and Levene test were used. The results showed that housewives who have good physical fitness are in better condition in field of anxiety and sleep disorder, social dysfunction symptoms, depressive symptoms,general health and fitness in comparison with women who don't have good physical fitness.

Pages: 1599-1600
Rupali G. Damke and Vijay Silan (CCM, AIIMS, New Delhi)
P. Dahire, Aniruddha Kadu and Udaykiran Bhalge (Department of Community Medicine, S.R.T.R. Medical College, Ambajogai, Beed, Maharashtra)
Nadeem Khan (Department of Pathology, S.R.T.R. Medical College, Ambajogai, Beed)

In the present cross sectional survey, prevalence of anaemia and its association with nutritional status was assessed. It was carried out among 80 Undergraduate and 64 Nursing students living in girls UG and Nursing Hostel of S.R.T.R. Medical College. The data was collected by personal interview by using pre-tested questionnaire. BMI was calculated using weight and height, Hb was estimated by Colorimetric method. Data was analysed by suitable statistical method. The Prevalence of anaemia was found to be 36.8%. Out of 80 UG students, 19(23.75%) were underweight and 22(27.5%) had mild Anaemia of which only 4(5%) were found to be underweight, whereas out of 64 Nursing students 27(42.18%) were underweight and 28(43.75%) had mild Anaemia, of which 17(26.56%) were found to be underweight, and this difference was found to be highly significant.

Pages: 1611-1614
Rajesh Bhatt (Department of Psychology, HNB Garhwal University, Srinagar, Garhwal, Uttarakhand)

This study attempts to emphasize the importance and need of clinical counseling in dealing with consequences of post HIV self. Post HIV self may face psychological disorders with symptoms like stress, anger, frustration, anxiety, depression, and chronic psycho-somatic disorder. Many stressors work together with post HIV self. Post HIV self may be affected by chronic physical pain, discrimination, stigma, abuse, rejection and sudden loss of fundamental human rights. People living with HIV also may encounter emotional and social isolation due to losing their independency and depending on others. People living with HIV survive personally and socially in the uncertainty because of their dependency on timing and nature of treatment, progression of disease, daily life style, economic status and approach to health care center. Many people living with HIV are simultaneously coping with grief from already having lost loved ones to AIDS. These kinds of incidents make them hopeless and influence them negatively. They assume that one day they will also die like their loved one and nobody can stop to happen this. There is an urgent need to improve psychological services for people with HIV so that people living with HIV may get better psychological health. In this connection, this paper suggests some ways to reconstruct post HIV self and over come from psychological cocktail. Various recent researches also emphasized that post HIV self may be enhanced by joining HIV/AIDS support group and spiritual group, appropriate knowledge of disease and medication, meditation, prayer, regular exercises, attending HIV related events/workshops, self acceptance, stress management strategies and getting employment etc.