Indian Journal of Health and Wellbeing

Pages: 1558-1562
J. S. Bidlan and Anupama Sihag (Department of Psychology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana)

The study examines the occupational stress among 600 healthcare professionals (doctors, nurses and support staff) from the private hospitals of New Delhi, NCR using the Occupational Stress Index (Srivastava & Singh, 1981). Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) revealed statistically significant results on the dimensions of occupational stress among three occupational groups (doctors, nurses and support staff) with role overload contributing the most, whereas, the gender difference was not found statistically significant. Individuals can easily get away with the severe consequences of stress if the stress at work is addressed with proper interventions.

Pages: 1567-1569
Sareh Rahimi (Young Researchers Club, Arsanjan Branch Islamic Azad University, Arsanjan, Iran )
Marzieh Ebrahimi (Sports Management, Arsanjan Branch Islamic Azad University, Arsanjan, Iran)
Younes Mohammadzadeh (Faculty of Humanities, Arsanjan Branch Islamic Azad University, Arsanjan, Iran)

In fact, human beings are always facing the most basic needs which are the driving force of their movements, actions, and behaviors. People have different needs concerning living conditions, family, age, education, and job. So they behave according to the needs they are facing. Therefore, an analysis of humans' basic needs provides a better understanding of causes and motivations behind individuals' behavioral and this understanding is an essential step in providing suitable education as well as reducing the behavioral and psychological problems. Like all other municipal communities, Shiraz has been affected during the past half-century by changes such as the industrial revolution and the development of technology. Besides, such changes have both positive and negative consequences. The objective of this research was the recreational need assessment of 15 64 Years Old Citizenes in Shiraz City in three dimensions of individual, environmental-social and cultural. The research method was a descriptive survey. The statistical population of the study consisted male and female citizen of Shiraz from which 496 were selected using stage sampling method (appropriate to sample size). The research instrument was a researcher questionnaire containing 65 close ended questions. The reliability of the questionnaire proved to be 0/96 using Cornbrash's alpha coefficient and validity of the questionnaire was a superficial and content validity. The data was analyzed both through descriptive (frequency, percentage and standard deviation) and inferential (one-variable t-test, Independent-sample t-test, One way analyzed of variance, LSD test and Freidman) statistics.

Pages: 1573-1576
Umed Singh and Suvrata Dahiya (Department of Psychology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana)

The present study was conducted to examine the gender differences in overall wisdom as well as its three components cognitive, affective, and reflective. For it, 456 (279 male and 177 female) 9th and 10th grade students participated in the study. The selected subjects were tested with 3D-Wisdom Scale Descriptive Statistics and t-ratios were used to analyze the data. In contrast to earlier findings, the results revealed the females to be high on overall wisdom as compared to the male students. The female students also outperformed the male students on cognitive and affective components of wisdom. No gender differences were found in reflective wisdom. Such findings may be attributed to socialization practices and socio-cultural perspectives. For generalization future large scale studies are required.

Pages: 1580-1583
Neeru Bala (Department of Sociology, Govt. Sr. Sec. School, Chakkan, Sirsa, Haryana)
Darpan Saluja (Junior Programmer, GJUS&T, Hisar, Haryana)

Combined with other technological innovations, farm mechanization has brought about great change in economy of society. As farming has made less arduous; the increased productivity led to increase in production; subsistence production is substituted by production for the market, however, the same has been affected greatly by the varied levels of farm mechanization Like other aspects of social life, family and marriage is also affected by technological changes The study attempts to examine the impact of farm mechanization on the family and marriage The study was conducted in rural agricultural Haryana following the criteria of advancement and backwardness of the agricultural area. For the purpose two districts were selected, one in which certain forces of changes and development were present and other where they were absent. A block was randomly selected from each district, i.e., Asandh block from Karnal district and Bawani Khera block from Bhiwani district. From the selected cluster of -villages a list of all the farmers of the village was prepared and from that list 150 respondents were selected randomly keeping in proportion farmers to the total population of the villages identified in the cluster. So on the whole a total of 300 respondents were selected from the identified clusters. Association between selection authority and farm mechanization was found to be significant Associated with the family is the institution of marriage about which tractor-owners were found more liberal than bullock owners. This so particular in case of giving freedom to children in respect of selection of marriage partner, rigid adherence to caste consideration in marriage, regarding formal talk of concerned persons before marriage etc. Likewise, education of the partner was also considered important by tractor owners than bullock owners. The relatively liberal attitude in terms of different aspects of marriage on the part of tractor-owners seems to be due to their higher education, greater exposure to outside world, more contacts with educated and urbanised functionaires etc. Also preference for same occupationin marriage declined sharply which reflects desire for contacts with non-farming families and greater comforts for their daughters.

Pages: 1587-1592
Vijith K. (Zakir Husain Center for Educational Studies, Jawaharlal Nehru University, Delhi)

This paper explores the concept, agency and the method of traditional healing practices in northern Kerala, with a special focus on the way it is being practiced by the Malayan community in Kannur district of the state, and seeks to examine how these are embedded in the socio-cultural settings of the region. From the review of the studies on healing perspectives across the world this study build the primary focus of this paper to illuminate the varied aspects of the restorative practices of the Malayan community which are given less attention while studying the traditional healing practices by others. Based on the relational model, this paper draws qualitative data from the case-study of the performers who have been carrying out healing practices in the region. These practices are culturally rooted in the inter-subjective and collective consciousness of the people who form as an interdependent caste group in many northern Kerala villages. Fundamentally, these traditional restorative practices have their origins in the belief that pollution to the family and villages is the major cause for psychological disturbances and that their removals by rituals, performed by their traditional hereditary agency of removing such pollution can ensure enhancement of well-being of the people. This belief in the power of the rituals to heal has acquired the status of cultural practices, over the years. Even though increasing acceptance of modern concept of mental health and diseases have whittled down the dependence on and importance of the traditional healing practices amongst both the community and the villagers today, some of their practices are still accepted widely, because they still are etched deep in the collective consciousness of the people of this region.

Pages: 1596-1598
Navnit Kumar (Speech Language Pathology, All India Institute of Speech and Hearing, Mysore)
Ankita Kumari (MASLP, Ali Yavar Jung National Institute for the Hearing Handicapped, Mumbai)
Nachiketa Rout (National Institute of Empowernment of Persons with Multiple Disability, Chennai)
The present study explores the significant risk factors that might help in early identification of neonates at risk for hearing loss, at places where objective hearing screening instruments were not assessable. Retrospective information from the database of 617 children diagnosed with hearing loss were compared with high risk factors for hearing impairment as recommended by Joint Committee on Infant Hearing (JCIH). Home-delivery (p = .002) was reported amongst 30 % of the data sample. Primary pregnancy (p = .004) and low birth weight (p = .01) were found in 27 % and 25 % of the sample. These Non-JCIH indicators might be used as a screening tool for earliest identification of neonates at risk for hearing loss.

Pages: 1601-1604
Rohtash Singh (Department of Psychology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana)

Pages: 1601-1604
Rohtash Singh (Department of Psychology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana)

Pages: 1608-1610
Kr. Sajid Ali Khan, Yasmeen Kausar and Md. Ali Imam (Department of Psychology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh)

Alcohol addiction is simply defined as a compulsive need for an intoxicating liquid that is obtained from fermented grain or fruit. These liquids include beer, wine, and other hard liquors. One misconception that many alcoholic and addicts seem to have is that their drinking is not affecting anyone else. Many times they make statements like, “I am not hurting anyone but myself”. There is a great deal of research and a vast amount of anecdotal evidence that the behavior of addicts and alcoholics can affect everyone around them, including family, friends, employers and coworkers. Addicted family members are more likely to be violent or emotionally abusive, and when abuse is not a factor; households affected by addiction can be highly disordered, unstable and unloving. If one have a drinking problem and have children in home, they are being affected, sometimes so profoundly that the effects last their entire life time. The most vulnerable effects of alcoholism or addiction are the children. The children of people with alcohol problems usually suffer greatly. Children of alcoholics have deep-seated psychological and emotional reactions to growing up with an addicted parent. Children of addicts often grow up socially isolated and they tend to develop emotional difficulties and behavioral problems. As they grow up, these type of issues can lead to antisocial behavior, mood disorders, and drug and alcohol abuse. Children of addicts often develop feeling of anger and resentment towards their parents. Therefore alcohol addiction is recognized as significant barriers of the empowerment of children, with the consequences of child's health, their health-seeking behavior and their adaptation of the family norms. Studies have shown that a child may be more likely to follow in footsteps of his parents and have the same addictive behaviors. It is vital that children have a positive and honest relationship with their parents. Those who suffer from alcohol abuse need to seek help immediately in order to restore and improve the family relationship. There are many supportive groups and programs available to help those families that are dealing with addiction. The first step is realizing that one' drinking has become a problem, and the second step is willing to do something about the problem.

Pages: 1615-1618
Ram Prakash Gupta (Thakur College of Education Dhaliara, Dehra, Kangra, H.P.)

The present study aims to study the effect of school environment on academic achievement of 10th class students of Kangra district. In order to archive this objective, a sample of 300 students of 10th class (200 of govt. and 100 of private school) was selected from the six govt. and three private schools. School environment inventory was used & standardized by Dr. Karuna Shankar Misra (Allahabad). Reliability of tool was (0.873) and validity had founded to possess validity. Researcher observed that there is no significant difference between school environment of 10th class students studying in govt. school situated in rural and urban area. And also observed that unique quality of environment largely depended upon specific way of the pupils who were treated in school and the classrooms Researcher defined the treatment environment as the product of the interaction between teacher and pupil in school situations.

Pages: 1621-1624
Shalini Bhasin (Department of Social Work, Punjabi University, Patiala)

Disability is any physical or mental condition that limits a person's movements, senses or activities. Conventionally it was to referred to attributes that are severe enough to interfere with, or prevent normal day-to-day activities. At present disability is described as a result of discrimination and disregard to the usual conditions of persons with disabilities by the society at large. This shows, it is the social construction of disability which has more ill effects on them than their biological condition. The author in this paper has tried to put forth the major issues related to persons with disabilities and initiatives taken by the government in Victoria (Australia) for their empowerment .

Pages: 1628-1631
Thokchom Lakshmibai (Lilong Haoreibi College, Manipur)

Education is the most significant instrument for changing women's status in the society. Thus women empowerment is an essential tool to bring about changes in their socio-economic condition.To achieve empowerment, women have to be educated about their rights privileges in a modern society. It is educated women have succeeded in changing their stereotype images to more positive ones.In the past, the life cycle of Manipuri women begins at home and ends at home only. But at present, most of the parents have started to keep equal eyes upon the boys and girls regarding education. As a result number of educated women are increasing by leaps and bounds and are found serving in many departments and establishments. A concerted effort by all governmental and private organisation have taken up various new education policies and schemes to increase the number of educated women in the society.

Pages: 1637-1642
Karantiano Sadasa (Study Program of Educational Management, Pakuan University, Bogor, West Java Province, Indonesia)

Administrators usually adjust their leadership behavior to accomplish the mission of the organization, and this could influence the teacher's job satisfaction. It is therefore essential to understand the relationship between organization cultures, leadership behavior, and job satisfaction towards teachers' performance. The data was collected by the help of self constracted questionaire from a sample of 221 teachers of Junior High Schools in Sukabumi. The research method used was a survey method with causal technique. The research also used a path analysis to analyze the effect of one variable to another variable. In analyzing the data, this research used SPSS software (statistical product and service solution), including descriptive statistical analysis, a prerequisite test data analysis and statistical hypothesis testing. The results emerged that there is a direct and signficant influence of organizational culture toward job performance, job satisfaction toward job performance, organizational culture toward job satisfaction, and leadership behavior toward job satisfaction. These findings also suggest that the organizational culture, leadership behavior and job satisfaction are important determinants of the teachers' job performances of Junior High Schools in Sukabumi.

Pages: 1648-1653
Glenn Leckie (University of Groningen, The Netherlands)

Concepts of the Terror Management Theory (TMT) were used in an empirical, hypothesis-testing study to explore fear in women who wait to be examined for cervical cancer using VIA methodology or the Pap smear methodology. The assumption is that because of the association between cancer and death, these women are reminded of their mortality while waiting. The TMT assumes that the consciousness of one's own mortality can be regarded as a source of existential anguish. Proclivities for survival creates potentially paralyzing anxiety, which people manage by investing in a meaningful conception of the world (worldview) that prescribes valued behavior and thus also a way to maintain self-esteem. The respondents in the present study were women who were in the policlinic waiting to be screened for cervical cancer. These women were divided into two groups; one was waiting to be examined using the VIA screening and they would receive their result instantly while the other group was waiting to be examined using the Pap smear screening and they would receive their result in four to six weeks. The results show that self-esteem moderated the influence of the screening method on fear and on world view defense. It is concluded that the levels of fear of women waiting to be screened can at least partly be understood from the perspective of TMT. Applying Fear in a realistic context provides new angles and challlenges to test the TMT theory and to understand psychological reactions in that context.