Indian Journal of Health and Wellbeing

Pages: 66-70
Poonam Gutpa (Clinical Psychologist, Department of Psychiatry PGIMS, Rohtak, Haryana)
Shyam Sunder Gupta (Department of Orthopedics N.C. Medical College, Israna, Panipat, Haryana)
Radhey Shyam (Department of Psychology, M. D. University, Rohtak,Haryana)

Anxiety is more relevant part of patient's life, especially of spinal cord injured (SCI) patients. The process of anxiety starts as the stress enters in the life of patients, such as seen in paraplegic patients. The present study was conducted to assess the level of anxiety in patients with spinal cord injured (SCI) patients. It was hypothesized that there would be a significant difference in the level of anxiety between SCI and Non-SCI controls and further it was hypothesized that acute SCI patients would have high level of anxiety than chronic SCI patients, whereas no such difference would be found in their respective control groups. For testing these hypotheses, an ex-post facto research with Multi-group design was done. A sample of 40 SCI patients (20 acute & 20 chronic) was selected from District Rehabilitation centre at Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rohtak on availability basis. An equal number of participants (key attendants of the SCI patients) were taken as control. Hindi version of State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (A-state) by Spielberger, Sharma and Singh (1973) were administered on all the participants. Data was analyzed by t-test and Duncan's Range Test. Findings revealed that SCI patients (acute and chronic) had more state anxiety than the Non-SCI Controls. Though the acute SCI patients had higher level of anxiety (Mean= 58.5) than the Chronic SCI patients (Mean= 50.70), yet the difference was not significant. The key attendants of Acute SCI patients had more anxiety (Mean= 42.55) than the key attendants of Chronic SCI patients (Mean= 37.2). The difference between controls of both acute and chronic groups was found to be significant at p< 0.05 level. The relevance of including key attendants as control group is discussed in the findings along with the implications of the study.

Pages: 75-78
Iftekhar Ahmed (Department of Political Science, N.R.E.C College, Ch. Charan Singh University, Khurja, Bulandshahar, Uttar Pradesh)br>
In the present paper the authors attempt to find out the political participation of Muslim Women vis-à-vis Muslim Men in the state of Uttar Pradesh and juxtaposed with the quantum of rights given to each, and the resultant position in the present scenario. A field study was conducted with a sample of 1200 Muslims drawn from across the state of U.P. The role of gender was analysed with various dimensions of political behaviour. The authors found a persistent pattern of male / female difference in political activity. Owing partially to unequal socio-economic resources available to them, their indifference to politics and their psychologically non-involvement. The psychological involvement of women in politics is minimal. The concerned for politics among women is not converted into political activity. In spite of all the rights and injunctions, when it comes to politics and political participation among Muslims, the women folks are made to play second fiddle.

Pages: 87-90
Priyanka and Ajay Kumar (Department of Psychiatry, PGIMS, Rohtak, Haryana)

It was a cross-sectional study and we examined that how male and female patients with depressive disorder differ in using defense mechanisms. Total 60 patients in which 30 male patients and 30 female patients fulfilling the ICD 10 criteria for depressive disorder using consecutive sampling were assessed on socio-demographic data sheet and Defense Mechanism Inventory. Overall findings suggest that there were significant differences between male and female patients with depressive disorder that are projection, principalization and turning toward self. Female patients with depressive disorder scored higher on projection and turning against self than male patients with depressive disorder.

Pages: 94-98
Rajkumar and Deepak Malik (Clinical Psychology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences (PGIMS) Rohtak, Haryana)
Dharmender Kumar Nehra (State Institute of Mental Health Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences (PGIMS) campus, Rohtak, Haryana)
Amit Kumar Soni (State Institute of Mental Health Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences (PGIMS) Campus, Rohtak, Haryana)
Rajiv Gupta (Department of Psychiatry, & Chief Executive Officer, State Institute of Mental Health Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences (PGIMS) campus, Rohtak, Haryana)

Erectile Dysfunction is a challenging problem that negatively affects the quality of lives of those affected. Sufferers and their partners face a lot of difficulties in various areas of life including relationship problems. Emergence of ED may be attributed to either organic or psychogenic factors but irrespective of causal factors it often lead to emotional and adjustment problems. The present study was carried out to study perceived stress and emotional intelligence and their interaction in individuals diagnosed with Erectile Dysfunction and their healthy counterparts. This cross-sectional study examined 200 male out of which 100 individuals with erectile dysfunction and 100 healthy controls. Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and Emotional Intelligence Scale (EIS) were administered on study group; whereas, in addition to above mentioned scales General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) was also administered on control group. The data obtained for the variables under study have been subjected to different statistical analysis. Significant difference was found in perceived stress and EI scores between study and control group. The findings also indicated significant negative correlation between perceived stress and EI. Overall findings suggest that individual with ED are significantly more stressed and having low emotional intelligence than their healthy counterparts. Thus present study highlights the facts that it is equally important to treat stress in order to achieve better treatment compliance and management. We advocated the need for holistic management including adequate mental health screening and interventions with the persons suffering from ED.

Pages: 102-105
Ritu Srivastava and Ram Kalap Tiwari (Department of Psychology, K.S. Saket P.G. College Ayodhya Faizabad, U. P.)

The present study examines the demonstration of conflict styles in working and non-working couples residing at Faizabad District of Utter Pradesh. In this study 150 working and 150 non-working couples were participated. Results indicated that working couples demonstrated avoidance and validating conflict styles in their family lives, on the other hand non-working couples demonstrated validating, volatile and hostile conflict styles in their lives.

Pages: 110-114
Deepak Malik and Rajkumar (Clinical Psychology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences (PGIMS), Rohtak, Haryana)
Dharmender Kumar Nehra (Clinical Psychologist, State Institute of Mental Health, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences (PGIMS) campus, Rohtak, Haryana)
Sidharth Arya (Junior Resident (Psychiatry) Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences (PGIMS), Rohtak, Haryana)

The medical science has undergone a tremendous evolution in the past century, now medical professionals are able to cure the disorders that were earlier taken a toll of millions' life. Stress and its negative consequence on health professionals have received relatively little attention in the literature in past. Although, the potential detriment of hectic life style for health professional has been raised recently and irony is that health professionals who help patients to get rid of stress are also burdened with stress. The aims of this study is twofold: (1) to provide awareness regarding the prevalence of stress in medical students and (2) to assess the association between stress and Emotional intelligence that is generally considered as a buffer against stress. This cross-sectional study examined 100 medical students out of which 50 were female and 50 were male. Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and Emotional Intelligence Scale (EIS) were administered. The data obtained for the variables under study have been subjected to different statistical analysis. Out of the total sample (hundred) of medical students, approximately 71% of them found to have high level of perceived stress. In addition, significant difference was found in EIS scores between female and males students. The findings also indicated significant negative correlation between perceived stress and EI. This study suggested that the prevalence of perceived stress in medical students is high irrespective of their gender. In view of the fact that in present study too occurrence of perceived stress is almost similar that found in the other societies. Hence, authors recommended appropriate interventions (stress management) for them so that they will capable to learn complex vocational skills for making them self-sufficient and independent professionals.

Pages: 119-122
Shruti Sharma (Department of Psychology, SUS College of Research and Technology, SUS Group of Institutes, Tangori, Mohali)

The aim of the study is to study the effect of yogic practices (Pranayamas and Asana) on the level of Frustration among employees of IT sector. The word Yoga comes from the Sanskrit word “YUJ” which means to join or union. The philosophy behind yoga is that in order to achieve self actualization one must have perfect harmony between the body and the mind. Frustration is an emotion that occurs in situations where a person is blocked from reaching a desired outcome. .For the purpose of present investigation, IT sector employees, age ranging between 30-35 years, with an organizational tenure of minimum 2 years, operating in National Capital Region was taken. Perceptions of Frustration were measured with Reactions to Frustration Scale by Dr. B. M. Dixit and Dr. D .N. Shrivastava. All the employees were examined twice on Reactions to Frustration Scale. Initially Pre test scores on Frustration scale of all the employees were taken. After the treatment plan of yogic practices (Pranayamas and Asanas-Halasana, Sarvangasana,Savasana) for 30 days, all the employees were reexamined on Frustration measure. Thus post test scores of the employees were noted down. Means, standard deviations, Corelations and t-test was calculated. Results came out to be significant. It means pranayamas and Asana helps in balancing the Nervous system and thus reduces the level of frustration.

Pages: 130-132
Mina Emami Gohari (Psychology, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran Branch, Iran)
Fariborz Bagheri and Alireza Kia Manesh (Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran Branch, Iran)

To compare of motivation, locus of control and life satisfaction in female high school students in two groups of mothers perfectionist (positive and negative) and non perfectionist (positive and negative). The study population consisted of all students in girls' high school who were enrolled in 2012 in 5th district of Tehran. Sample survey of 450 students who were selected by purposive sampling and after removing outliers' 408 questionnaires was analyzed. Measure of research were; Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Inventory, Academic Motivation scale, Lonson's Locus of Control and Multidimensional students' life satisfaction Scale. In order to analyze data multivariate analysis of variance was used. The results showed that girls' academic motivation with mothers with positive perfectionism was more than other groups. Based on results the study suggested that health classes should be held in homes and schools to inform and educate parents, especially mothers.

Pages: 136-138
Fatima Shahnawaz, Shamim A. Ansari and Masood-ul-hassan (Department of Psychology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, UP)

Spirituality is a sacred aspect of human life that refers to the quality of being concerned with religion specially, for those having faith in God. Having faith in God bears a very broad meaning that whatever happens in this universe is through the command of Allah and Allah has power to do anything what He wants without seeking any help of material or immaterial entities and powers. Such belief in God strengthen human being to cope with all sorts of situations or circumstances through their spiritual power. Therefore, psycho- physiological health can also be improved and maintained by strengthening human spirituality to keep away all sorts of evils coming in the way of one's life. In view of such assertion, the present paper was aimed to deliberate the aspect of psycho-physiological health as a function of spiritualistic belief and behavior. It is, indeed, true that spirituality has always been a guiding and directing sacred force to keep oneself psycho-physiologically healthy. In fact, spiritual bent of mind and behavior is most likely to help human being for alleviating from all psycho-physiologically sufferings. Spirituality is a state of holy way of believing and behaving which is governed by high order religiosity, especially those believing in oneness of God (Allah). The phenomenon of spirituality is something which can never be measured but the aspect of spirituality can only be seen or observed which is reflected from the life of religiously spiritual people. Moreover, it is also important to stress on the fact that a spiritual person is so humble in his behavior while interacting with people that he/she never pose his/her religious power and practices because such people have high intensity of fear of Allah and simultaneously also have high level of hope to get forgiveness from Him. Here, it is important to highlight that fear and hope from Allah is the most important bent of mind which seems to be instrumental in governing psycho-behavioral functioning of a spiritual person. Spirituality- being belief in the oneness of God, shapes the psycho-physical personality of a spiritual person in such a fashion in which both Quranic teaching and the prophet's life are reflected. On the basis of Quran and Hadees, if one lives the life then it is most likely that the person may be away from psycho-physiological sufferings. In this regard it can be firmly advocated that even if some psycho-physiological problems occur then these may be overcome by adopting the means of dua, sadqa and khairat but in the circumstances of high intensity of illness, one should also use medicine and/or meet to the doctor because it is also witnessed from the life of our prophet (S.A.W). However, in quest for combating illnesses, both practices be followed simultaneously by an spiritual person because one does not know that which is effective one or both combined together are functionally becoming instrumental for relieving from disease.

Pages: 141-142
Masood ul Hassan (Department of Psychology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, UP)

The study was conducted to examine the effects of yogic and physical exercise on psychological well-being. 120 subjects in four groups viz. light exercise group, heavy exercise group, yoga performers group and control group were administered measures. All the subjects are male in the age range of 20-25 years. Data were analyzed by simple ANOVA suitable for multigroup design. Results revealed that the control group had significantly poor psychological well-being than the exercise and yoga performing group.

Pages: 146-148
Vinod Kumar (Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, Haryana)

Since their inceptions, libraries remained the centres for knowledge and learning. The libraries build their collections to cater to the informational requirements of its stakeholders. The use of information communication technologies has not only changed the products and services in all sectors but also changed the behaviour and expectations of its ultimate users. The libraries are also not the exception of it. The present paper highlights some of the major changes in the behaviour of its users.

Pages: 155-157
Bilal Ahmad Lone (Department of Applied Psychology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata)
Anjali Srivastava (Department of Psychology, A.P.S. University, Rewa, MP)

This study was conducted to examine the impact of frustration and anxiety on high and low academic achievers among college students. The present study conducted on 60 subjects, all being college students from Bhopal. The age group from 18 to 23 years. The Frustration scale was used to measure the level of frustration; anxiety scale was used to measure the anxiety among students. Independent Sample T-test was used to differentiate the level of psychological problems between low and high achieving students. The findings of this study revealed that there were significant differences between low and high achieving students in their psychological problems. The findings of the study will be useful in assisting psychologists, educators, counselors, and researchers to develop strategies to enhance students' psychological well-being.

Pages: 200-203
Nalini Malhotra and Himani (Department of Psychology, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab)

The purpose of the present research paper is to assess life stressors in relation to psychological problems among adolescents. Sample for the present research paper comprised 150 adolescents (75 Males / 75 Females) in the age range of 12 to 18 years from the various schools of Patiala district. The participants were assessed by Life Stressors and Social Resources inventory (Youth Form), which evaluates different domains of life stressors in adolescents. Psychological problems of adolescents were evaluated by (DASS) Depression Anxiety Stress scale. It was hy- pothesized that there would be a positive relationship of a representative set of Life Stressors with Psychological Problems among Adolescents. Result revealed positive affinity of life stressors with psychological problems viz depression, anxiety, stress. Implications of the present research paper are also proposed for future research.