Indian Journal of Health and Wellbeing

Pages: 243-248
Raj Kumar, Rajeev Dogra, Chitvan Singh, Krishan Kumar and Dharmender Kumar Nehra (Post Graduate Institute of Medical (PGIMS), Rohtak, Haryana)

The extent to which advances of sexual dysfunction have harmful consequences for positive mental health is well- known since long. World literature have proven that psychological constructs play an important role not only in developing and maintaining sexual problems but also in treatment seeking behavior and outcome. This study was done on patients with erectile dysfunction which are not well studied in Indian context. Material and methods: It was a cross sectional study, in which Fifty (50) Patients with erectile dysfunction, diagnosed as per ICD-10 criteria were selected. Fifty (50) healthy matched subjects constituted the control group. Assessment was done by using Toronto Alexithymia Scale-Hindi, Rosenberg Self Esteem Scale and General Health Questionnaire. The statistical analysis was carried out by using the SPSS Windows 16.0 software package. Results: Significant differences were seen in alexithymia and Self Esteem scores between erectile dysfunction group and normal control group. Erectile dysfunction group scored significantly higher on alexithymia in comparison with control group. However, erectile dysfunction group scored significantly lower on score of Self Esteem than the normal control group. Significant negative relationship was found between alexithymia and Self Esteem scores. Conclusion: These findings should be considered as a breakthrough and can be taken seriously that presence of high alexithymia and low Self Esteem(that are highly prevalent) in patient with erectile dysfunction may negatively affect the treatment outcome. So authors strongly recommended that treatment of this vulnerable population should also focus on credible and potentially effective means of helping them cope with low self-esteem.

Pages: 252-255
Siti Salwa Md. Sawari (Institute of Education, International Islamic University, Malaysia)

The purpose of this study is to identify three stages of human development based on Islamic Perspective. Methods of this study are trough observation on behavior 4 years, 10 years old childhood and 16 years old of adolescence. Basically the observations were focusing on the performance in praying and recitations of the Quran. In additions, the researcher also run an unstructure interview with the participant. The result of this study reflect that during the early childhood, kids didn’t have a strong basic understanding about their actions, it can be categorized as play zone, no punishment will be focused on them. However when they reach 4 years old they might have an ability to perform solat and recite Quran by exemplify their parent. Children in the age of 10 years old have a basic knowledge about religions, they could make sense what they perform every day. This circumstance reflects that children in this stage have knowledge about rules Nevertheless, because lack of understanding, parental guid- ance and reinforcement still needed in certain periods. Lastly for adolescence, this is the time when a parent has changed their strategies of educations when befriends is this best way to educate, it’s because their understanding of the do and they don’t have start organizes, then in this age know and understand about rules very well based on the environment a side.

Pages: 258-260
Yasmeen Kausar (Department of Psychology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh)

Depression is an emotional state marked by great sadness and apprehension, feeling of worthlessness and guilt, withdrawal from others, loss of sleep, appetite, and sexual desires, loss of interest and pleasure in usual activi- ties (Kring, Johnson, Davison, & Neale, 2010). The adolescence period is the best time to develop positive emotions and training skills, because adolescents are seeking to find their identity and their future personality at this period. Depression in adolescents has become a subject of considerable research over the last few decades. The present study aims to investigate the depression in relation to self-criticism and academic achievement among the students. The sample consists of 150 students (75 male, 75 female) were selected from the Senior Secondary Schools for boys and girls, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh. The age of students ranged between 17 -19 years. In the study the tools used for assessment were Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-2nd, 1996), Self-Criticism scale developed by Gilbert et al. (2004). Self-criticism has three dimensions; inadequate self, hated self, and reassured self. Academic Achievement of the students was measured on the basis of the marks or grades obtained in the examinations consisting of first, second and third terminal examinations. Regression analysis was applied in order to analyze the data. The results of regression analyses revealed that, inadequate self was the best predictor of depression.

Pages: 264-266
Manju and Randhir Singh (Applied Psychology Department, GJUS&T, Hisar, Haryana)

The present study was conducted to assess the Psychological Well-being of Hypertensive People. A sample of 200 people (both sexes) was selected, in which 100 were hypertensive and 100 were normal control of 35 to 55 years of age. All the subjects were administered psychological well-being scale (Carol Ryff. 1989). Obtained data were analyzed by appropriate statistical tool for compression of hypertensive and normal controlled. Finding shows that the hypertensive group had lower level of psychological well-being than normal control group

Pages: 273-278
Renu Sodhi and Manju (Applied Psychology Department, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, Haryana)

A growing body of scientific research suggests connections between religion, spirituality, and both mental and physical health. The purpose of the current study is to examine the relationship between religion/spirituality and health outcomes of persons and to measure the domains of religion and spirituality believed to be significant for mental and physical health and also a better predictor of them. Sample size of the study is 144 individuals (94 Males, 50 Females). Spirituality Assessment Inventory (SAI), Religiosity Scale, General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), and P.G.I. Health Questionnaire (N-1) were used for the purpose of data collection. In statistical tools Pearson Product Moment Correlation and Step-Wise Multiple Regression has been applied. The major findings of the study shows that various factors of spirituality and religiosity is significantly associated with positive mental and physical health and further Step-wise multiple regression analysis revealed that two factors of spirituality significantly predict both mental and physical health dimensions.

Pages: 288-292
Ashwini, R and Vijay Prasad Barre (Department of Clinical Psychology, Dharwad Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (DIMHANS), Dharwad, Karnataka)

The present study seeks to explore the stress and adjustment areas and their academic performance of PUC College going students within a city. Three college students comprising of (N= 80) students were second year (N=40) from Arts and (N= 40) from Science 20 boys and 20 girls each stream within age groups 16 to 18 years were chosen randomly. Students with behavioural problems, poor academic performances and health issues were excluded to ensure homogeneity. After obtaining informed consent, a self-report inventory. Stress and the Bell's Adjustment Inventory was administered to student groups over a period of 1 month to understand stress and perceived adjustment on academic performance. Scoring was done manually and descriptive statistics, Pearson correlations and univariate analysis of variance done by using SPSS-11. Findings revealed that there is a significant difference in the level of stress experience among students. There is significant difference between arts and science student's adjustment areas. There is a significant difference between boys and girls on academic performance. There is significant difference between arts and science on academic performance. However, there were no significant gender differences among the arts and science, boys and girls. In conclusion, adolescents present as a vulnerable group of children and therefore, this is an important implication for parents and significant other professionals who need to help students develop adequate adjustment as well as academic performance.

Pages: 299-304
J.S. Bidlan and Anupama Sihag (Department of Psychology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana)

Occupational stress and burnout are the global issues in this present era of changing paradigms, where the protective effect of coping and facilitative effect of emotional intelligence has a significant role to play. The present study was conducted on a sample of 600 healthcare professionals from the private hospitals of Delhi, NCR. The sample included nursing, support staff (security, pharmacy, front office, housekeeping and dietetics/food and beverages staff) and doctors with equal number of male and female participants The Occupational Stress Index, Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI-HSS), Ways of Coping Questionnaire and Multidimensional Measure of Emotional Intelligence were the measures used in the study. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied to explore the gender differences among the three occupational groups. Results indicate that the main effect for gender and occupation type is significant in various dimensions of occupational stress, burnout, coping and emotional intelligence; whereas the interaction effect of gender and occupation type is significant only for the managing emotions dimension of emotional intelligence.

Pages: 311-315
Kapil Dev Arya, G.D. Koolwal and Sanjay Gehlot (Department of Psychiatry, Dr. S. N. Medical College, Jodhpur, Rajasthan)

The aims of this study were to determine prevalence of erectile dysfunction in diabetes mellitus (type 2) patients and its impact on their quality of life with different domains of well being. Randomly selected 150 patients with diabetes mellitus (type 2) out of them only 100 patients have given consent to become part of the study on the ground of anonymity. These patients are attending diabetes clinic of the medicine department of M.D.M. Hospital attached to Dr. S.N. Medical College, Jodhpur from 1st September to 30th November, 2012. These patients were included in the study as per inclusion and exclusion criteria. For study of interested object scales, International Index for Erectile function [IIEF] & WHOQOL-BREF [HINDI VERSION] were used and diagnosis after screening confirmed with complete psychological workup including mental status examination. The presenting diagnosis is based on standard criteria given by ICD-10 and the diagnosis also approximated with DSM-IV-TR. The data were analyzed with appropriate statistical tests. In our study population 21(21%) of patient experience some degree of erectile dysfunction. Results were displaying from mild to severe grade of dysfunction. This is also established that those who were suffering from erectile dysfunction found more impairment in quality of life in comparison to those without erectile dysfunction. In our study we concluded that patients with diabetes have higher significant of erectile dysfunction, at the same time study population were experienced poorer quality of life and found difficulty in daily functioning. This is also noteworthy in our study that patient of diabetes mellitus are itself have impaired functioning because of chronicity of illness, long running treatment and eventually unavoidable complication.

Pages: 320-324
Shiksha Anand (Department of Psychology, Lucknow University, Lucknow, UP)

Breast cancer is not only a serious physical disease, but it is often an emotionally draining disease as well. Pain has an overwhelming effect on the quality of life of a person. . Pain often involves all aspects of a person's life including physical, psychological and emotional state; disrupting daily activities, work, finances, social, marital and family life and relationships (Marcus, 2000). The present paper aims at studying the impact of meaning in life on the intensity of pain among breast cancer patients. The present study is co-relational in nature. The sample for the study was 100 breast cancer patients of stage II and III undergoing treatment. The Indian adaptation of Meaning in Life scale (Warner & Williams, 1987) and West Haven Yale Multidimensional Pain Inventory (Kerns, Turk and Rudy, 1985) was used. Results showed that respondents have above average level of pain and below average level of meaning in life. The co-relational analysis depicts a negative correlation of meaning in life and pain. Sub-group analysis will be done to compare the pain of respondents having high and low meaning in life. The findings suggest that meaning may be an important mechanism in adjustment to higher level of pain caused by cancer. Therefore there is a need for developing a suitable intervention program for the enhancement of meaning in life so that the pain can be managed by breast cancer patients.

Pages: 330-334
Sami Chaabouni and Chokri Abednnadher (Faculty of Economics and Management of Sfax, Laboratory CODECI, University of Sfax, Tunisia)

The main purpose of this study is to investigate relationships between patient perception healthcare quality, satisfaction patient, and behavioral intentions. Self-administered questionnaire was used to collect the related data in Tunisian public hospitals. Data were analysed using structural equation modeling techniques. Findings indicate that administration quality and the physical environment have the highest positive effect on service quality. While also socio-demographic variables and communication have a not very considerable effect. Recommendations were presented and suggestions were highlighted for improve the quality of care.

Pages: 341-344
Sapana Singh (Department of Psychology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP)

For a long time psychologists have been interested in the role religion plays in the interpretation of and response to life events as well as it influences on individual and social lives. Religiosity has been considered as a source of meaning that gives stability to individuals in situations of uncertainty and contributes to their psychological health and well-being. A distinction has been made between intrinsic religiosity and extrinsic religiosity. Research findings suggest that intrinsic religiosity positively correlates with different indicators of well-being, whereas extrinsic religiosity negatively affects health, well-being and achievement. Religiosity also influences emotion regulation ability of a person. The present study analyzes the role of extrinsic and intrinsic religiosity in emotion regulation and well-being during the early adulthood period. The sample included 150 adults, between 20 to 25 years of age drawn from different departments of Banaras Hindu University. Data were collected with the help of Age Universal I-E Scale, Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, Life Satisfaction Scale, Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS) and Oxford Happiness Questionnaire. The statistical analysis of data revealed interesting findings. In the study, no clear distinction of extrinsic and intrinsic religiosity found. Participants with high level of religiosity have been reported higher well-being. It has also been found that participants with high level of religiosity use more functional strategies and less dysfunctional strategies to regulate their emotions. As reviewed before, religiosity revealed as a culturally sensitive and defined concept.

Pages: 350-353
Vidya Bhate (Research Scholar, University of Pune, Pune)
Shobhana Abhyankar (Department of Psychology, Fergusson College, Pune)

India is perhaps facing the biggest epidemic of non-communicable diseases and has the largest number of diabetic patients. Diabetes seriously affects health related quality of life (HQoL). The present study aimed at studying the relationship of HQoL with gender and mode of treatment in Type 2 diabetic patients. Health related quality of life questionnaire (HQoLQ) and a personal data sheet were administered to a sample of 75 diabetic patients from a private hospital in Pune. Details of mode of treatment (tablet or both tablet and insulin) were availed from the patients. The obtained data were subjected to point bi-serial correlation. There was a significant negative correlation between gender and HQoL (rp, bis = - 0.26, p < 0.01), and treatment mode and HQoL (rp, bis = - 0.340, p < 0.05). The results implied that female diabetic patients had a poor HQoL as compared to male patients, and that the patients who took only tablet had a better HQoL than patients who took insulin and tablet both. Data were further subjected to multiple regression analysis to find out relative contribution of individual factors in predicting HQoL. Gender (β b = - 0.340, p < 0.01)) was a stronger predictor of HQoL; it contributed 12% variance to HQoL. Mode of treatment (β = - 0.225, p < 0.05) contributed 5% variance. The study thus highlights the importance of gender and mode of treatment in predicting HQoL in diabetic patients.

Pages: 358-361
Leema, P. Vanamail, Rohini Sehgal and Alka Kriplani (Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, AIIMS, New Delhi)

To achieve the goal of HIV free generation, it is essential to prevent the mother to child transmission. Aim of this study is to assess the level of understanding and status of HIV(human immunodeficiency virus)/AIDS(acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) among antenatal women in a tertiary health care centre New Delhi. It is an observational study with purposive sampling method.100 consented interviews were conducted by a semi structure interview schedule during the gestational period of (16-28) weeks of pregnancy. Maximum study participants belonged to the age group of (26-30) years mean age (26.3) SD 3.5years ranges from (19-36) years and major religion was Hindu. More than 50% respondents were professionals or graduates & postgraduates.54% women were multigravida as they conceived more than once. Mean family income was 24,270 per month (SD 21,714) it ranges from 4000 to 1 lac per month. Only 31% women knew HIV as a virus which causes AIDS, where as more than 53% participants had a correct concept about AIDS as disesase.58% respondents did not exactly know about HIV &37% about AIDS. 30% of pregnant mothers thought that breast milk could transmit HIV to infants but equal number of mothers' disagreed with the above said source of transmission.40% participants were in a state of dilemma about the breast milk and vaginal discharge as a carrier of HIV virus. All 100 pregnant women were screened for HIV ,but two of them did not get their test reports at the , time of interview. Out of 98 cases 4 were seropositive*. Two women knew their status before pregnancy, one case was referred from a primary health centre ,only one case was diagnosed during the routine pregnancy care.39 spouses were screened with their consent out of which 2 diagnosed sero positive.* In one case both husband &wife were seropositive but in another case wife found to be seronegative Statistically significant association was found between education of respondents, their family income and gravida. Our study concludes that education is the best tool to prevent the vertical transmission. Fear of social stigma about HIV/AIDS discourages people to consult medical practitoners & cousellors.HIV discordant couple can coexist. Breast feeding to infants by HIV infected mother is still a matter of quandary. Women with higher family income had satisfactory knowledge about HIV/AIDS.